1、web框架介紹

Web框架（Web framework）是一種開發(fā)框架，用來支持動態(tài)網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用和網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)的開發(fā)。這大多數(shù)的web框架提供了一套開發(fā)和部署網(wǎng)站的方式，也為web行為提供了一套通用的方法。web框架已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了很多功能，開發(fā)人員使用框架提供的方法并且完成自己的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯，就能快速開發(fā)web應(yīng)用了。瀏覽器和服務(wù)器的是基于HTTP協(xié)議進(jìn)行通信的。也可以說web框架就是在以上十幾行代碼基礎(chǔ)張擴(kuò)展出來的，有很多簡單方便使用的方法，大大提高了開發(fā)的效率。

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2、實現(xiàn)簡單的web框架

基于socket寫一個web應(yīng)用

第一版本? ?

　　通過HTTP協(xié)議傳送過來的信息返回頁面

import socketserver = socket.socket() server.bind(('127.0.0.1',8000)) server.listen(5)while True:conn,addr = server.accept()while True:data = conn.recv(1024)'''***data***b'GET /index/ HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:8000\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36\r\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\nAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,und;q=0.8,en;q=0.7\r\nCookie: csrftoken=kzAhOkqkoPdnQuOxI7AQTa8aOmT7g6ebPiwrI0jpQ8m04NmYLkzkFvDtD8febu41; Hm_lvt_080836300300be57b7f34f4b3e97d911=1559726342,1559732417\r\n\r\n''''conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')'''頁面顯示Hello必須遵守http協(xié)議返回一個響應(yīng)頭'''current_path = data.decode('utf-8').split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]'''/index/'''if current_path == '/index/':with open('index.html', 'rb') as f:conn.send(f.read())else:conn.send(b'404')conn.close()

第二版本

　　根據(jù)HTTP傳送過來的信息返回相應(yīng)的頁面，通過列表保存信息模擬django中的urls，通過函數(shù)返回數(shù)據(jù)模擬django中views

import socketserver = socket.socket() server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000)) server.listen(5)def index():return 'index'def login():return 'login'def error():return '404'urls = [('/index/', index),
('/login/', login) ]while True:conn, addr = server.accept()while True:data = conn.recv(1024)'''***data***b'GET /index/ HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:8000\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36\r\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\nAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,und;q=0.8,en;q=0.7\r\nCookie: csrftoken=kzAhOkqkoPdnQuOxI7AQTa8aOmT7g6ebPiwrI0jpQ8m04NmYLkzkFvDtD8febu41; Hm_lvt_080836300300be57b7f34f4b3e97d911=1559726342,1559732417\r\n\r\n''''conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')'''頁面顯示Hello必須遵守http協(xié)議返回一個響應(yīng)頭'''current_path = data.decode('utf-8').split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]'''/index/'''
　　　　 res = Nonefor url in urls:if url[0] == current_path:res = url[1]()breakelse:res = error()conn.send(res.encode('utf-8'))

第三版

　　將其拆分成start.py? ?urls.py? ?views.py

import socket import urlsserver = socket.socket() server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000)) server.listen(5)def error():return '404'while True:conn, addr = server.accept()while True:data = conn.recv(1024)'''***data***b'GET /index/ HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:8000\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36\r\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\nAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,und;q=0.8,en;q=0.7\r\nCookie: csrftoken=kzAhOkqkoPdnQuOxI7AQTa8aOmT7g6ebPiwrI0jpQ8m04NmYLkzkFvDtD8febu41; Hm_lvt_080836300300be57b7f34f4b3e97d911=1559726342,1559732417\r\n\r\n''''conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')'''頁面顯示Hello必須遵守http協(xié)議返回一個響應(yīng)頭'''current_path = data.decode('utf-8').split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]'''/index/'''res = Nonefor url in urls.urls:if url[0] == current_path:res = url[1]()breakelse:res = error()conn.send(res.encode('utf-8')) import views urls = [('/index/', views.index),('/login/', views.login) ] def index():return 'index'def login():return 'login'

高級版

　　使用wsgiref.simple_server的make_server配置web應(yīng)用

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server from urls import *def run(env, response):''':param env: 請求相關(guān)的信息，一個處理好的字符串:param response: 響應(yīng)相關(guān)信息:return:'''response('200 OK', [('username', 'jason'), ('password', '123')]) # 固定寫法 后面列表里面一個個元祖會以響應(yīng)頭kv鍵值對的形式返回給客戶端current_path = env.get('PATH_INFO')func = Nonefor url in urls:if current_path == url[0]:func = url[1]breakif func:res = func(env)else:res = error(env)return [res.encode('utf-8')]if __name__ == '__main__':server = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8080, run)server.serve_forever() def index(env):return 'index'def login(env):return 'login'def error(env):return '404' from views import * urls = [('/index/', index),('/login/', login) ]

終極版

　　使用jinja2對模板進(jìn)行替換，對數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行連接

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server from urls import *def run(env, response):''':param env: 請求相關(guān)的信息，一個處理好的字符串:param response: 響應(yīng)相關(guān)信息:return:'''response('200 OK', [('username', 'jason'), ('password', '123')]) # 固定寫法 后面列表里面一個個元祖會以響應(yīng)頭kv鍵值對的形式返回給客戶端current_path = env.get('PATH_INFO')func = Nonefor url in urls:if current_path == url[0]:func = url[1]breakif func:res = func(env)else:res = error(env)return [res.encode('utf-8')]if __name__ == '__main__':server = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8080, run)server.serve_forever() import time from jinja2 import Template import pymysqldef index(env):return 'index'def login(env):return 'login'def get_time(env):# 先獲取當(dāng)前時間current_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X')# 打開html文件讀取內(nèi)容返回給客戶端with open(r'templates/get_time.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:data = f.read()# 因為是以r模式打開的文件，所有獲取到的內(nèi)容就是一堆字符串res = data.replace('@@time@@', current_time) # 字符串的替換return resdef get_user(env):with open(r'templates/get_user.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:data = f.read()tmp = Template(data)# 將字典傳遞給前端頁面 前端通過變量名user_dic就可以獲取到該字典return tmp.render(user_dic={'name': "jason", 'password': '123'})def get_db(env):# 連接數(shù)據(jù)庫 獲取數(shù)據(jù) 渲染到前端頁面conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1',port=3306,user='root',password='123',database='blog',charset='utf8',autocommit=True)cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)cursor.execute('select * from userinfo')user_dict = cursor.fetchall() # [{},{},{},{}]with open(r'templates/get_db.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:data = f.read()tmp = Template(data)return tmp.render(user_dict=user_dict)def error(env):return '404 error' from views import *urls = [('/index',index),('/login',login),('/get_time',get_time),('/get_user',get_user),('/get_db',get_db), ] <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title> </head> <body> @@time@@ </body> </html> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title> </head> <body> <p>{{ user_dic }}</p> <p>{{ user_dic.name }}</p> <p>{{ user_dic['password'] }}</p> <p>{{ user_dic.get('name') }}</p> </body> </html>

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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuyafeng/p/10981836.html

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