servlet中web.xml配置详解
Web.xml常用元素?
<web-app>?
<display-name></display-name> ?定義了WEB應(yīng)用的名字?
<description></description> ?聲明WEB應(yīng)用的描述信息?
<context-param></context-param> ?context-param元素聲明應(yīng)用范圍內(nèi)的初始化參數(shù)。?
<filter></filter> ?過濾器元素將一個(gè)名字與一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)javax.servlet.Filter接口的類相關(guān)聯(lián)。?
<filter-mapping></filter-mapping> ?一旦命名了一個(gè)過濾器,就要利用filter-mapping元素把它與一個(gè)或多個(gè)servlet或JSP頁面相關(guān)聯(lián)。?
<listener></listener> ?servletAPI的版本2.3增加了對事件監(jiān)聽程序的支持,事件監(jiān)聽程序在建立、修改和刪除會話或servlet環(huán)境時(shí)得到通知。?
???????????????????? Listener元素指出事件監(jiān)聽程序類。?
<servlet></servlet>?在向servlet或JSP頁面制定初始化參數(shù)或定制URL時(shí),必須首先命名servlet或JSP頁面。Servlet元素就是用來完成此項(xiàng)任務(wù)的。?
<servlet-mapping></servlet-mapping>?服務(wù)器一般為servlet提供一個(gè)缺省的URL:http://host/webAppPrefix/servlet/ServletName。?
????????????? 但是,常常會更改這個(gè)URL,以便servlet可以訪問初始化參數(shù)或更容易地處理相對URL。在更改缺省URL時(shí),使用servlet-mapping元素。?
<session-config></session-config>?如果某個(gè)會話在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)未被訪問,服務(wù)器可以拋棄它以節(jié)省內(nèi)存。?
????????? 可通過使用HttpSession的setMaxInactiveInterval方法明確設(shè)置單個(gè)會話對象的超時(shí)值,或者可利用session-config元素制定缺省超時(shí)值。?
<mime-mapping></mime-mapping>如果Web應(yīng)用具有想到特殊的文件,希望能保證給他們分配特定的MIME類型,則mime-mapping元素提供這種保證。?
<welcome-file-list></welcome-file-list>?指示服務(wù)器在收到引用一個(gè)目錄名而不是文件名的URL時(shí),使用哪個(gè)文件。?
<error-page></error-page>?在返回特定HTTP狀態(tài)代碼時(shí),或者特定類型的異常被拋出時(shí),能夠制定將要顯示的頁面。?
<taglib></taglib>?對標(biāo)記庫描述符文件(Tag Libraryu Descriptor file)指定別名。此功能使你能夠更改TLD文件的位置,?
????????????????? 而不用編輯使用這些文件的JSP頁面。?
<resource-env-ref></resource-env-ref>聲明與資源相關(guān)的一個(gè)管理對象。?
<resource-ref></resource-ref>?聲明一個(gè)資源工廠使用的外部資源。?
<security-constraint></security-constraint>?制定應(yīng)該保護(hù)的URL。它與login-config元素聯(lián)合使用?
<login-config></login-config>?指定服務(wù)器應(yīng)該怎樣給試圖訪問受保護(hù)頁面的用戶授權(quán)。它與sercurity-constraint元素聯(lián)合使用。?
<security-role></security-role>給出安全角色的一個(gè)列表,這些角色將出現(xiàn)在servlet元素內(nèi)的security-role-ref元素?
?????????????????? 的role-name子元素中。分別地聲明角色可使高級IDE處理安全信息更為容易。
<env-entry></env-entry>聲明Web應(yīng)用的環(huán)境項(xiàng)。?
<ejb-ref></ejb-ref>聲明一個(gè)EJB的主目錄的引用。?
< ejb-local-ref></ ejb-local-ref>聲明一個(gè)EJB的本地主目錄的應(yīng)用。?
</web-app>?
相應(yīng)元素配置?
1、Web應(yīng)用圖標(biāo):指出IDE和GUI工具用來表示W(wǎng)eb應(yīng)用的大圖標(biāo)和小圖標(biāo)?
<icon>?
<small-icon>/images/app_small.gif</small-icon>?
<large-icon>/images/app_large.gif</large-icon>?
</icon>?
2、Web 應(yīng)用名稱:提供GUI工具可能會用來標(biāo)記這個(gè)特定的Web應(yīng)用的一個(gè)名稱?
<display-name>Tomcat Example</display-name>?
3、Web 應(yīng)用描述: 給出于此相關(guān)的說明性文本?
<disciption>Tomcat Example servlets and JSP pages.</disciption>?
4、上下文參數(shù):聲明應(yīng)用范圍內(nèi)的初始化參數(shù)。?
<context-param>?
??? <param-name>ContextParameter</para-name>?
??? <param-value>test</param-value>?
??? <description>It is a test parameter.</description>?
</context-param>?
在servlet里面可以通過getServletContext().getInitParameter("context/param")得到?
5、過濾器配置:將一個(gè)名字與一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)javaxs.servlet.Filter接口的類相關(guān)聯(lián)。?
<filter>?
??????? <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>?
??????? <filter-class>com.myTest.setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>?
??????? <init-param>?
??????????? <param-name>encoding</param-name>?
??????????? <param-value>GB2312</param-value>?
??????? </init-param>?
</filter>?
<filter-mapping>?
??????? <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>?
??????? <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>?
</filter-mapping>?
6、監(jiān)聽器配置?
<listener>?
????? <listerner-class>listener.SessionListener</listener-class>?
</listener>?
7、Servlet配置?
?? 基本配置?
?? <servlet>?
????? <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>?
????? <servlet-class>SnoopServlet</servlet-class>?
?? </servlet>?
?? <servlet-mapping>?
????? <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>?
????? <url-pattern>/snoop</url-pattern>?
?? </servlet-mapping>?
?? 高級配置?
?? <servlet>?
????? <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>?
????? <servlet-class>SnoopServlet</servlet-class>?
????? <init-param>?
???????? <param-name>foo</param-name>?
???????? <param-value>bar</param-value>?
????? </init-param>?
????? <run-as>?
???????? <description>Security role for anonymous access</description>?
???????? <role-name>tomcat</role-name>?
????? </run-as>?
?? </servlet>?
?? <servlet-mapping>?
????? <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>?
????? <url-pattern>/snoop</url-pattern>?
?? </servlet-mapping>?
?? 元素說明?
???? <servlet></servlet> 用來聲明一個(gè)servlet的數(shù)據(jù),主要有以下子元素:?
???? <servlet-name></servlet-name> 指定servlet的名稱?
???? <servlet-class></servlet-class> 指定servlet的類名稱?
???? <jsp-file></jsp-file> 指定web站臺中的某個(gè)JSP網(wǎng)頁的完整路徑?
???? <init-param></init-param> 用來定義參數(shù),可有多個(gè)init-param。在servlet類中通過getInitParamenter(String name)方法訪問初始化參數(shù)?
???? <load-on-startup></load-on-startup>指定當(dāng)Web應(yīng)用啟動時(shí),裝載Servlet的次序。
???????????????????????????????? 當(dāng)值為正數(shù)或零時(shí):Servlet容器先加載數(shù)值小的servlet,再依次加載其他數(shù)值大的servlet.?
???????????????????????????????? 當(dāng)值為負(fù)或未定義:Servlet容器將在Web客戶首次訪問這個(gè)servlet時(shí)加載它?
???? <servlet-mapping></servlet-mapping> 用來定義servlet所對應(yīng)的URL,包含兩個(gè)子元素?
?????? <servlet-name></servlet-name> 指定servlet的名稱?
?????? <url-pattern></url-pattern> 指定servlet所對應(yīng)的URL?
8、會話超時(shí)配置(單位為分鐘)?
?? <session-config>?
????? <session-timeout>120</session-timeout>?
?? </session-config>?
9、MIME類型配置?
?? <mime-mapping>?
????? <extension>htm</extension>?
????? <mime-type>text/html</mime-type>?
?? </mime-mapping>?
10、指定歡迎文件頁配置?
?? <welcome-file-list>?
????? <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>?
????? <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>?
????? <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>?
?? </welcome-file-list>?
11、配置錯誤頁面?
一、 通過錯誤碼來配置error-page?
?? <error-page>?
????? <error-code>404</error-code>?
????? <location>/NotFound.jsp</location>?
?? </error-page>?
上面配置了當(dāng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生404錯誤時(shí),跳轉(zhuǎn)到錯誤處理頁面NotFound.jsp。?
二、通過異常的類型配置error-page?
?? <error-page>?
?????? <exception-type>java.lang.NullException</exception-type>?
?????? <location>/error.jsp</location>?
?? </error-page>?
上面配置了當(dāng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生java.lang.NullException(即空指針異常)時(shí),跳轉(zhuǎn)到錯誤處理頁面error.jsp?
12、TLD配置?
?? <taglib>?
?????? <taglib-uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/debug-taglib</taglib-uri>?
?????? <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/jsp/debug-taglib.tld</taglib-location>?
?? </taglib>?
?? 如果MyEclipse一直在報(bào)錯,應(yīng)該把<taglib> 放到 <jsp-config>中?
?? <jsp-config>?
????? <taglib>?
????????? <taglib-uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/debug-taglib</taglib-uri>?
????????? <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/pager-taglib.tld</taglib-location>?
????? </taglib>?
?? </jsp-config>?
13、資源管理對象配置?
?? <resource-env-ref>?
?????? <resource-env-ref-name>jms/StockQueue</resource-env-ref-name>?
?? </resource-env-ref>?
14、資源工廠配置?
?? <resource-ref>?
?????? <res-ref-name>mail/Session</res-ref-name>?
?????? <res-type>javax.mail.Session</res-type>?
?????? <res-auth>Container</res-auth>?
?? </resource-ref>?
?? 配置數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池就可在此配置:?
?? <resource-ref>?
?????? <description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of shop</description>?
?????? <res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name>?
?????? <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>?
?????? <res-auth>Container</res-auth>?
?? </resource-ref>?
15、安全限制配置?
?? <security-constraint>?
????? <display-name>Example Security Constraint</display-name>?
????? <web-resource-collection>?
???????? <web-resource-name>Protected Area</web-resource-name>?
???????? <url-pattern>/jsp/security/protected/*</url-pattern>?
???????? <http-method>DELETE</http-method>?
???????? <http-method>GET</http-method>?
???????? <http-method>POST</http-method>?
???????? <http-method>PUT</http-method>?
????? </web-resource-collection>?
????? <auth-constraint>?
??????? <role-name>tomcat</role-name>?
??????? <role-name>role1</role-name>?
????? </auth-constraint>?
?? </security-constraint>?
16、登陸驗(yàn)證配置?
?? <login-config>?
???? <auth-method>FORM</auth-method>?
???? <realm-name>Example-Based Authentiation Area</realm-name>?
???? <form-login-config>?
??????? <form-login-page>/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp</form-login-page>?
??????? <form-error-page>/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp</form-error-page>?
???? </form-login-config>?
?? </login-config>?
17、安全角色:security-role元素給出安全角色的一個(gè)列表,這些角色將出現(xiàn)在servlet元素內(nèi)的security-role-ref元素的role-name子元素中。?
??? 分別地聲明角色可使高級IDE處理安全信息更為容易。?
<security-role>?
???? <role-name>tomcat</role-name>?
</security-role>?
18、Web環(huán)境參數(shù):env-entry元素聲明Web應(yīng)用的環(huán)境項(xiàng)?
<env-entry>?
???? <env-entry-name>minExemptions</env-entry-name>?
???? <env-entry-value>1</env-entry-value>?
???? <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>?
</env-entry>?
19、EJB 聲明?
<ejb-ref>?
???? <description>Example EJB reference</decription>?
???? <ejb-ref-name>ejb/Account</ejb-ref-name>?
???? <ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>?
???? <home>com.mycompany.mypackage.AccountHome</home>?
???? <remote>com.mycompany.mypackage.Account</remote>?
</ejb-ref>?
20、本地EJB聲明?
<ejb-local-ref>?
???? <description>Example Loacal EJB reference</decription>?
???? <ejb-ref-name>ejb/ProcessOrder</ejb-ref-name>?
???? <ejb-ref-type>Session</ejb-ref-type>?
???? <local-home>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrderHome</local-home>?
???? <local>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrder</local>?
</ejb-local-ref>?
21、配置DWR?
<servlet>?
????? <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>?
????? <servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>?
</servlet>?
<servlet-mapping>?
????? <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>?
????? <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>?
</servlet-mapping>?
22、配置Struts?
??? <display-name>Struts Blank Application</display-name>?
??? <servlet>?
??????? <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>?
??????? <servlet-class>?
??????????? org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet?
??????? </servlet-class>?
??????? <init-param>?
??????????? <param-name>detail</param-name>?
??????????? <param-value>2</param-value>?
??????? </init-param>?
??????? <init-param>?
??????????? <param-name>debug</param-name>?
??????????? <param-value>2</param-value>?
??????? </init-param>?
??????? <init-param>?
??????????? <param-name>config</param-name>?
??????????? <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>?
??????? </init-param>?
??????? <init-param>?
??????????? <param-name>application</param-name>?
??????????? <param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value>?
??????? </init-param>?
??????? <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>?
??? </servlet>?
??? <servlet-mapping>?
??????? <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>?
??????? <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>?
??? </servlet-mapping>?
??? <welcome-file-list>?
??????? <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>?
??? </welcome-file-list>?
??? <!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors -->?
??? <taglib>?
??????? <taglib-uri>struts-bean</taglib-uri>?
??????? <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>?
??? </taglib>?
??? <taglib>?
??????? <taglib-uri>struts-html</taglib-uri>?
??????? <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>?
??? </taglib>?
??? <taglib>?
??? <taglib-uri>struts-nested</taglib-uri>?
??? <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>?
??? </taglib>?
??? <taglib>?
??????? <taglib-uri>struts-logic</taglib-uri>?
??????? <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>?
??? </taglib>?
??? <taglib>?
??????? <taglib-uri>struts-tiles</taglib-uri>?
??????? <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>?
??? </taglib>?
23、配置Spring(基本上都是在Struts中配置的)?
?? <!-- 指定spring配置文件位置 -->?
?? <context-param>?
????? <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>?
????? <param-value>?
?????? <!--加載多個(gè)spring配置文件 -->?
??????? /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml, /WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml?
????? </param-value>?
?? </context-param>?
?? <!-- 定義SPRING監(jiān)聽器,加載spring -->?
<listener>?
???? <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>?
</listener>?
<listener>?
???? <listener-class>?
?????? org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener?
???? </listener-class>?
</listener>
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ikei/p/7132139.html
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