一.游戲規則與要求

• 游戲內容要求：

  游戲有 n 個 round，每個 round 都包括10 次 trial；
  每個 trial 的飛碟的色彩、大小、發射位置、速度、角度、同時出現的個數都可能不同。它們由該 round 的 ruler 控制；
  每個 trial 的飛碟有隨機性，總體難度隨 round 上升；
  鼠標點中得分，得分規則按色彩、大小、速度不同計算，規則可自由設定。

• 游戲的要求：

  使用帶緩存的工廠模式管理不同飛碟的生產與回收，該工廠必須是場景單實例的！具體實現見參考資源 Singleton 模板類
  近可能使用前面 MVC 結構實現人機交互與游戲模型分離

二.游戲UML類圖

三.代碼說明

首先是動作控制器：前面大題的架構與上次作業中的架構基本相同，在場景控制器中使用FlyActionManager 類的函數，然后在FlyActionManager 類中調頁UFOFlyAction類進行每一幀對飛碟位置的更新即可實現飛碟飛的動作。
在UFOFlyAction類中，給飛碟一個方向和一個力，然后飛碟每一幀計算下一幀做有向下加速度的飛行動作的位置，然后進行賦值即可實現的飛行動作。
最后當飛碟被點中或者飛出場景外就需要等待場景控制器和飛碟工廠進行配合回收飛碟。

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;public class SSAction : ScriptableObject {public bool enable = true; public bool destroy = false; public GameObject gameobject; public Transform transform; public ISSActionCallback callback; protected SSAction() { }public virtual void Start(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}public virtual void Update(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();} }public enum SSActionEventType : int { Started, Competeted }public interface ISSActionCallback {void SSActionEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted,int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null); }public class SSActionManager : MonoBehaviour, ISSActionCallback {private Dictionary<int, SSAction> actions = new Dictionary<int, SSAction>(); private List<SSAction> waitingAdd = new List<SSAction>(); private List<int> waitingDelete = new List<int>(); protected void Update(){foreach (SSAction ac in waitingAdd){actions[ac.GetInstanceID()] = ac; }waitingAdd.Clear();foreach (KeyValuePair<int, SSAction> kv in actions){SSAction ac = kv.Value;if (ac.destroy) {waitingDelete.Add(ac.GetInstanceID());}else if (ac.enable){ac.Update();}}foreach (int key in waitingDelete){SSAction ac = actions[key];actions.Remove(key);DestroyObject(ac);}waitingDelete.Clear();}public void RunAction(GameObject gameobject, SSAction action, ISSActionCallback manager){action.gameobject = gameobject;action.transform = gameobject.transform;action.callback = manager;waitingAdd.Add(action);action.Start();}public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted,int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null){} } public class FlyActionManager : SSActionManager{public UFOFlyAction fly;public Controllor scene;protected void Start(){scene = (Controllor)SSDirector.GetInstance ().CurrentSceneControllor;scene.fam = this;}public void UFOfly(GameObject disk, float angle, float power){fly = UFOFlyAction.GetSSAction (disk.GetComponent<DiskData> ().direction, angle, power);this.RunAction (disk, fly, this);} } public class UFOFlyAction : SSAction {public float gravity = -5; private Vector3 start_vector; private Vector3 gravity_vector = Vector3.zero; private float time; private Vector3 current_angle = Vector3.zero; private UFOFlyAction() { }public static UFOFlyAction GetSSAction(Vector3 direction, float angle, float power){UFOFlyAction action = CreateInstance<UFOFlyAction>();if (direction.x == -1){action.start_vector = Quaternion.Euler(new Vector3(0, 0, -angle)) * Vector3.left * power;}else{action.start_vector = Quaternion.Euler(new Vector3(0, 0, angle)) * Vector3.right * power;}return action;}public override void Update(){time += Time.fixedDeltaTime;gravity_vector.y = gravity * time;transform.position += (start_vector + gravity_vector) * Time.fixedDeltaTime;current_angle.z = Mathf.Atan((start_vector.y + gravity_vector.y) / start_vector.x) * Mathf.Rad2Deg;transform.eulerAngles = current_angle;if (this.transform.position.y < -10){this.destroy = true;this.callback.SSActionEvent(this); }}public override void Start() { } }

接下來是飛碟工廠類：它實現了要求

使用帶緩存的工廠模式管理不同飛碟的生產與回收，該工廠必須是場景單實例的！具體實現見參考資源 Singleton 模板類

飛碟工廠類的目的是管理飛碟實例，同時對外屏蔽飛碟實例的的提取和回收細節。它可以根據輪數不同生產出不同的飛碟，然后對于被點中或者飛出場景外的飛碟就可以進行回收。飛碟工廠從倉庫中獲取這種飛碟，如果倉庫中沒有，則新的實例化一個飛碟，然后添加到正在使用的飛碟列表中。

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;public class DiskFactory : MonoBehaviour {public GameObject disk_prefab = null; private List<DiskData> used = new List<DiskData>(); private List<DiskData> free = new List<DiskData>(); public GameObject GetDisk(int round){ float start_y = -10f; string tag;disk_prefab = null;if (round == 1){tag = "disk1";;}else if(round == 2){tag = "disk2";}else{tag = "disk3";}for(int i=0;i<free.Count;i++){if(free[i].tag == tag){disk_prefab = free[i].gameObject;free.Remove(free[i]);break;}}if(disk_prefab == null){if (tag == "disk1"){disk_prefab = Instantiate(Resources.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/disk1"), new Vector3(0, start_y, 0), Quaternion.identity);}else if (tag == "disk2"){disk_prefab = Instantiate(Resources.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/disk2"), new Vector3(0, start_y, 0), Quaternion.identity);disk_prefab.GetComponent<DiskData> ().score = 2;}else{disk_prefab = Instantiate(Resources.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/disk3"), new Vector3(0, start_y, 0), Quaternion.identity);disk_prefab.GetComponent<DiskData> ().score = 3;}float ran_x = Random.Range(-1f, 1f) < 0 ? -1 : 1;disk_prefab.GetComponent<MeshRenderer> ().material.color = disk_prefab.GetComponent<DiskData>().color;disk_prefab.GetComponent<DiskData>().direction = new Vector3(ran_x, start_y, 0);disk_prefab.GetComponent<DiskData> ().tag = tag;disk_prefab.transform.localScale = disk_prefab.GetComponent<DiskData>().scale;}used.Add(disk_prefab.GetComponent<DiskData>());return disk_prefab;}public void FreeDisk(GameObject disk){for(int i = 0;i < used.Count; i++){if (disk.GetInstanceID() == used[i].gameObject.GetInstanceID()){used[i].gameObject.SetActive(false);free.Add(used[i]);used.Remove(used[i]);break;}}} }

飛碟的參數類： 包含每個飛碟的顏色，分數，位置，大小，以及是屬于哪個round的飛碟。

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;public class DiskData : MonoBehaviour {public int score = 1; public Color color = Color.white; public Vector3 direction; public Vector3 scale = new Vector3( 1 ,0.1f, 1); public string tag; }

然后是場景控制器類： 它實現了接口中的函數Hit (Vector3 pos)；Restart ();GetScore();GameOver ();isCounting()以及getEmitTime ()。游戲開始時通過isCounting()以及getEmitTime ()判斷倒計時3秒是否完成，若倒計時結束則將counting（是否倒計時）設為false并開始發送飛碟。在每一幀中可以進行
InvokeRepeating(“LoadResources”, 1f, speed)，即延時以speed的速度senddisk扔出飛碟，每次得分足夠后就加速speed以更快的方式扔出飛碟，提高游戲難度。Hit函數實現了玩家通過點擊發出子彈摧毀飛碟。玩家若擊中飛碟則觸發飛碟的粒子爆炸效果。其他函數都是與GUI交互的函數。
在此處滿足了要求：

該工廠必須是場景單實例的

實現了singleton類并使用singleton類初始化工廠類，使工廠是場景單實例的。

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;public class Controllor : MonoBehaviour,ISceneControllor,IUserAction {public FlyActionManager fam;public DiskFactory df;public UserGUI ug;public ScoreRecorder sr;public RoundControllor rc;private Queue<GameObject> dq = new Queue<GameObject> ();private List<GameObject> dfree = new List<GameObject> ();private GameObject explosion;private float emit_time = 3;private int round = 1;private float t = 1;private float speed = 2;private int score_round = 5;private bool flag = false;private bool game_over = false; private bool counting = true;public bool isCounting(){return counting;}public int getEmitTime(){return (int)emit_time+1;}void Start(){SSDirector director = SSDirector.GetInstance(); director.CurrentSceneControllor = this; df = Singleton<DiskFactory>.Instance;sr = gameObject.AddComponent<ScoreRecorder> () as ScoreRecorder;fam = gameObject.AddComponent<FlyActionManager>() as FlyActionManager;ug = gameObject.AddComponent<UserGUI>() as UserGUI;rc = gameObject.AddComponent<RoundControllor> () as RoundControllor;explosion = Instantiate (Resources.Load<GameObject> ("Prefabs/ParticleSystem1"), new Vector3(0, -100, 0), Quaternion.identity);t = speed;}void Update (){if (emit_time > 0) {counting = true;emit_time -= Time.deltaTime;} else {counting = false;t-=Time.deltaTime;if (t < 0) {LoadResources ();SendDisk ();t = speed;}if ((sr.score >= 10 && round == 1) || (sr.score >= 30 && round == 2)) {round++;rc.loadRoundData (round);}}}public void setting(float speed_,GameObject explosion_){speed = speed_; explosion = explosion_;}public void LoadResources(){dq.Enqueue(df.GetDisk(round)); }private void SendDisk(){float position_x = 16; if (dq.Count != 0){GameObject disk = dq.Dequeue();dfree.Add(disk);disk.SetActive(true);float ran_y = Random.Range(1f, 4f);float ran_x = Random.Range(-1f, 1f) < 0 ? -1 : 1;disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().direction = new Vector3(ran_x, ran_y, 0);Vector3 position = new Vector3(-disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().direction.x * position_x, ran_y, 0);disk.transform.position = position;float power = Random.Range(10f, 15f);float angle = Random.Range(15f, 28f);fam.UFOfly(disk,angle,power);}for (int i = 0; i < dfree.Count; i++){GameObject temp = dfree[i];if (temp.transform.position.y < -10 && temp.gameObject.activeSelf == true){df.FreeDisk(dfree[i]);dfree.Remove(dfree[i]);ug.ReduceBlood();}}}public void Hit (Vector3 pos){Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(pos);RaycastHit[] hits;hits = Physics.RaycastAll(ray);bool not_hit = false;for (int i = 0; i < hits.Length; i++){RaycastHit hit = hits[i];if (hit.collider.gameObject.GetComponent<DiskData>() != null){for (int j = 0; j < dfree.Count; j++){if (hit.collider.gameObject.GetInstanceID() == dfree[j].gameObject.GetInstanceID()){not_hit = true;}}if(!not_hit){return;}dfree.Remove(hit.collider.gameObject);sr.Record(hit.collider.gameObject);explosion.transform.position = hit.collider.gameObject.transform.position;explosion.GetComponent<ParticleSystem>().Play();hit.collider.gameObject.transform.position = new Vector3(0, -100, 0);df.FreeDisk(hit.collider.gameObject);break;}}}public void Restart (){SceneManager.LoadScene(0);}public int GetScore (){return sr.score;}public void GameOver (){game_over = true;} }

我們還需要一個記分員類記錄每次的得分：它可以根據擊中不同加上不同的分數。

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;public class ScoreRecorder : MonoBehaviour {public int score = 0;void Start(){score = 0;}public void Record(GameObject disk){score = score + disk.GetComponent<DiskData> ().score;} }

**接口類：**聲明了需要使用的函數提供給GUI使用并交給場景控制器實現。

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;public interface ISceneControllor{void LoadResources (); }public interface IUserAction{void Hit (Vector3 pos);void Restart ();int GetScore();void GameOver ();bool isCounting();int getEmitTime (); }

輪數控制器類： 實現了要求

每個 trial 的飛碟的色彩、大小、發射位置、速度、角度、同時出現的個數都可能不同。它們由該 round 的 ruler 控制；

我可以在類中控制飛碟的發射間隔以及爆炸效果。

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;public class RoundControllor : MonoBehaviour {private IUserAction action;private float speed;private GameObject explosion;void Start(){action = SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentSceneControllor as IUserAction;speed = 2;}public void loadRoundData(int round){switch (round){case 1: break;case 2: speed = 1.5f;explosion = Instantiate (Resources.Load<GameObject> ("Prefabs/ParticleSystem2"), new Vector3(0, -100, 0), Quaternion.identity);action.setting (speed,explosion);break;case 3:speed = 1;explosion = Instantiate (Resources.Load<GameObject> ("Prefabs/ParticleSystem3"), new Vector3(0, -100, 0), Quaternion.identity);action.setting (speed,explosion);break;}} }

用戶界面類： GUI中實現了重新開始功能，顯示生命值，得分以及游戲倒計時的功能。游戲倒計時即在場景控制器的update記錄消耗的時間然后取整，若大于0則顯示到屏幕上。通過接口函數就可以實現顯示生命值，得分等功能。然后可以調用場景控制器中的hit實現在屏幕上發射子彈摧毀飛碟。最后直接使用SceneManager.LoadScene(0)即實現重新開始。

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;public class UserGUI : MonoBehaviour {private IUserAction action;public int life = 6;GUIStyle bold_style = new GUIStyle();GUIStyle text_style = new GUIStyle(); GUIStyle text_style2 = new GUIStyle(); void Start (){action = SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentSceneControllor as IUserAction;}void OnGUI (){text_style.normal.textColor = new Color(1,1,1, 1);text_style.fontSize = 16;text_style2.normal.textColor = new Color(1,1,1, 1);text_style2.fontSize = 100;if (action.isCounting ()) {GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 40, Screen.width / 2 - 300, 50, 50), action.getEmitTime().ToString(), text_style2);} else {if (Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1")){Vector3 pos = Input.mousePosition;action.Hit(pos);}GUI.Label(new Rect(10, 5, 200, 50), "score:", text_style);GUI.Label(new Rect(55, 5, 200, 50), action.GetScore().ToString(), text_style);GUI.Label(new Rect(10, 30, 50, 50), "hp:", text_style);for (int i = 0; i < life; i++){GUI.Label(new Rect(40 + 10 * i, 30, 50, 50), "X", text_style);}if (life == 0){GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 50, Screen.width / 2 - 300, 100, 100), "GameOver!", text_style);if (GUI.Button(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 60, Screen.width / 2 - 250, 100, 50), "Restart")){action.Restart();return;}action.GameOver();} }}public void ReduceBlood(){if(life > 0)life--;} }

導演類：

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;public class SSDirector : System.Object {private static SSDirector _instance;public ISceneControllor CurrentSceneControllor{ get;set;}public static SSDirector GetInstance(){if (_instance == null) {_instance = new SSDirector ();}return _instance;} }

其他設定：
預制設定如下：

有三種飛碟的預設以及每種飛碟對應粒子效果的預設。
飛碟的設置：需要在每個飛碟上手動掛載飛碟的參數腳本才能使用飛碟的參數。

粒子效果：持續實現1秒且不進行循環即可實現爆炸效果。

腳本設置： 常見一個空游戲對象，在游戲對象上掛載場景控制類以及飛碟工廠類就可以運行游戲了。

這樣游戲就完成了！

四.總結

在這次游戲設計中我體會到了MVC、動作管理器的作用，有了這些基本的架構，我們游戲的實現更加容易，我們只需實現場景控制器以及各個模塊的控制器再通過MVC架構將他們整合就可以得到一個游戲。
游戲演示：UFO小游戲
github地址：UFO

最后再次感謝師兄的博客供我參考！

總結

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