圖2.14描述了頻率捷變導致的RCS變化問題。

Figure 2.14illustrates the ability of frequency agility to force RCS variations.

Figure 2.14. 從固定不變的視角觀察，頻率捷變帶來的RCS變化Variation in RCS due to frequencyagility for a constant viewing angle. See text for details.

對于具有20個5m x 10m隨機散射體的目標，從固定的大約54°視線角進行觀察，則有效深度大約為10sin(54°) = 8.1 m。

A 20 scatterer, 5 m by 10 m random target was observed from a fixed aspectangle of about 54°, making its effective depth approximately 10sin(54°) = 8.1 m.

如果每個脈沖的工作頻率都相同，那么目標RCS和接收到的回波功率應該完全相同。

If the same RFfrequency was used for each pulse, the RCS and thus received power would beexactly the same on each pulse.

然而，在上圖中兩個相鄰脈沖的RF頻率是按照18.5MHz步進的（根據式（2.63）計算），其起始頻率為10.0GHz。

However, in this casethe RF frequency was increased by 18.5 MHz [calculated from Eq. (2.63)] fromone pulse to the next, starting at 10.0 GHz.

不同頻率點之間的相對RCS波動約為38dB，線性值約為6300。

The resultingrelative RCS measurements vary by 38 dB, a factor of about 6300.

在第六章中可以看到，當連續的目標測量之間互不相關時，某些情況下的檢測性能將會得到改善。

It will be seen inChap. 6 that in certain cases detection performance is improved when successivetarget measurements are uncorrelated.

因此，一些雷達采用頻率捷變技術來實現連續測量數據之間的解相關(Ray, 1966)。

For this reason, someradars use a technique called frequency agility to force decorrelation ofsuccessive measurements (Ray, 1966).

在這一過程中，相鄰脈沖之間的雷達頻率以ΔF Hz或更高的頻率遞增，其中ΔF根據式（2.63）計算，從而確保相鄰脈沖的目標回波之間的測量解相關。

In this process, theradar frequency is increased by ΔF Hz or more between successive pulses, whereΔF is given by Eq. (2.63), ensuring that the target echo decorrelates from onepulse to the next.

一旦獲得期望的不相關測量次數，則下一組測量將循環使用設定好的頻率增量周期。

Once the desirednumber of uncorrelated measurements is obtained, the cycle of increasingfrequencies is repeated for the next set of measurements.

式（2.63）是基于高度簡化的目標模型以及相關間隔存在的假設前提。

Equation (2.63) isbased on a highly simplified target model and an assumption about whatconstitutes the correlation interval.

不同的相關間隔定義，例如通過相關函數首次下降到其峰值的1/2或1/e的點來定義，將導致對消除目標相關所需角度或頻率變化的較小估計值。

A differentdefinition, for example defining the interval by the point at which thecorrelation function first drops to 1/2 or 1/e of its peak, would result in asmaller estimate of the required change in angle or frequency to decorrelatethe target.

此外，許多雷達是對回波幅度的平方進行處理的，而不是以上推導過程中假定的幅度值。

Also, many radars operateon the magnitude-squared of the echo amplitude, rather than the magnitude ashas been assumed in this derivation.

平方律檢測器將產生與式（2.60）的平方成比例的相關函數（Birkmeier和Wallace，1963）。

A square law detectorproduces a correlation function proportional to the square of Eq.(2.60) (Birkmeier and Wallace, 1963).

因此第一零點的位置仍然是在相同的ΔKθ值處，上述結論仍然是適用的。

The first zerotherefore occurs at the same value of ΔKθ, and the previousconclusions still apply.

但是，如果使用了相關間隔的不同定義（例如以50%作為去相關點），則平方律檢測所需的ΔKθ變化將小于線性檢測器所需的變化。

However, if adifferent definition of the correlation interval is used (such as the 50percent decorrelation point), the required change in ΔKθ is less forthe square law than for the linear detector.

——本文譯自Mark A. Richards所著的《Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing（Second edition）》

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