井字棋盤看起來像一個大的井字符號(#)，有9 個空格，可以包含X、O 或

關于落子問題

由于只能采用鍵盤輸入，所以需要對棋盤進行坐標表示；

即直接用1-9個9個數字來表示位置，

7|8|9

-+-+-

4|5|6

-+-+-

1|2|3

其索引順序與數字鍵盤上的數字鍵排列一致，下棋時看著數字鍵下，較為簡便。

計算機的算法--尋找最佳落子位置

首先簡單的將棋盤劃分為三個部分——中心(1)，角(4)，邊(4)。

中心雖然只有一個但卻不是最重要的，三個部分落子的優先順序依次為：角、中心、邊。

因此，井字棋的計算機算法計算最佳落子位置的順序如下：

1 直接落子獲勝

2 阻止玩家獲勝

3 在角上落子

4 在中心落子

5 在邊上落子

游戲流程

1、開始

2、選子 X或者O

3、隨機先手

4、輪流下棋

5、是否分出勝負

5.1 分出勝負 跳到6

5.2 未分出勝負 跳到4

6、再來一局

6.1是， 跳到2

6.2否， 退出

游戲代碼：

import random

def printBoard(borad):

print(borad[7] + '|' + borad[8] + '|' + borad[9])

print('-+-+-')

print(borad[4] + '|' + borad[5] + '|' + borad[6])

print('-+-+-')

print(borad[1] + '|' + borad[2] + '|' + borad[3])

'''printBoard 定義了棋盤打印輸出函數

與數字鍵盤排列一致'''

def inputPlayerLetter():

'''#讓玩家選擇棋子

返回一個列表，顯示玩家和電腦的棋子類型

'''

letter = ''

while not (letter == 'X' or letter == 'O'):

print('Do you want to be X or O?')

letter = input().upper()

if letter == 'X':

return ['X', 'O']

else:

return ['O', 'X']

def whoGoesFirst():

'''隨機先手'''

if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:

return 'Computer'

else:

return 'Player'

def playAgain():

'''再玩一次？'''

print('Do you want to play again?(yes or no)')

return input().lower().startswith('y')

def makeMove(board, letter, move):

'''落子'''

board[move] = letter

def isWinner(board, occupy):

判斷是否獲勝

return ((board[1] == occupy and board[2] == occupy and board[3] == occupy) or

(board[4] == occupy and board[5] == occupy and board[6] == occupy) or

(board[7] == occupy and board[8] == occupy and board[9] == occupy) or

(board[1] == occupy and board[4] == occupy and board[7] == occupy) or

(board[2] == occupy and board[5] == occupy and board[8] == occupy) or

(board[3] == occupy and board[6] == occupy and board[9] == occupy) or

(board[1] == occupy and board[5] == occupy and board[9] == occupy) or

(board[3] == occupy and board[5] == occupy and board[7] == occupy))

def getBoardCopy(board):

復制一份棋盤給電腦落子使用

depuBoard = []

for i in board:

depuBoard.append(i)

return depuBoard

def isSpaceFree(board, move):

判斷這個位置是否有子，無子返回True

return board[move] == ' '

def getPlayerMove(board):

move = ' '

while move not in '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'.split() or not isSpaceFree(board, int(move)):

print('What is your next move?(1-9)')

move = input()

return int(move)

def choosePossibleMoverFromList(board, moveList):

隨機返回一個可以落子的坐標，若無子可下，則返回None

possibleMoves = []

for i in moveList:

if isSpaceFree(board, i):

possibleMoves.append(i)

if len(possibleMoves) != 0:

return random.choice(possibleMoves)

else:

return None

def getComputerMove(board, computerLetter):

確定電腦的落子位置

if computerLetter == 'X':

playerLetter == 'O'

else:

playerLetter == 'X'

'''先判斷電腦方能否通過一次落子直接獲得游戲勝利'''

for i in range(1, 10):

copy = getBoardCopy(board)

if isSpaceFree(copy, i):

makeMove(copy, computerLetter, i)

if isWinner(copy, computerLetter):

return i

'''判斷玩家下一次落子是否獲勝，若能，則再該點落子'''

for i in range(1, 10):

copy = getBoardCopy(board)

if isSpaceFree(copy, i):

makeMove(copy, playerLetter, i)

if isWinner(copy, playerLetter):

return i

'''若角上能落子，則在角上落子'''

move = choosePossibleMoverFromList(board, [1, 3, 5, 7])

if move != None:

return move

'''若中心能落子，則在中心落子'''

if isSpaceFree(board, 5):

return 5

'''若邊上能落子，則在邊上落子'''

return choosePossibleMoverFromList(board, [2, 4, 6, 8])

def isBoardFull(board):

''' 如果棋盤滿了，返回True'''

for i in range(1, 10):

if isSpaceFree(board, i):

return False

return True

print('Welcome to the TicTacToe game!')

while True:

update board

theBoard = [' '] * 10

playerLetter, computerLetter = inputPlayerLetter()

turn = whoGoesFirst()

print('The ' + turn + ' will go first.')

gameIsPlaying = True

while gameIsPlaying:

if turn == 'Player':

# 玩家回合

printBoard(theBoard)

move = getPlayerMove(theBoard)

makeMove(theBoard, playerLetter, move)

if isWinner(theBoard, playerLetter):

printBoard(theBoard)

print('Wow!!!You win the game!!!')

gameIsPlaying = False

else:

if isBoardFull(theBoard):

printBoard(theBoard)

print('The game is tie')

break

else:

turn = 'Computer'

else:

# 電腦回合

move = getComputerMove(theBoard, computerLetter)

makeMove(theBoard, computerLetter, move)

if isWinner(theBoard, computerLetter):

printBoard(theBoard)

print('Oh!,The computer win!,You lose.')

gameIsPlaying = False

else:

if isBoardFull(theBoard):

printBoard(theBoard)

print('The game is tie')

break

else:

turn = 'Player'

if not playAgain():

break

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