本文我們將介紹如何在Linux操作系統上使用Vagrant和Libvirt，要完成本文需要先安裝Vagrant，然后安裝Libvirt和QEMU-KVM及為Vagrant安裝libvirt插件。

參考文章

1、在Linux上安裝Vagrant請參考：

2、在Linux上安裝KVM請參考：

為Vagrant安裝Vagrant插件

安裝Vagrant和KVM后，你應該已準備好安裝libvirt插件，以便可以使用Vagrant開始管理KVM虛擬機：

$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt

Installing the 'vagrant-libvirt' plugin. This can take a few minutes...

Building native extensions. This could take a while...

Building native extensions. This could take a while...

Installed the plugin 'vagrant-libvirt (0.0.43)'!

如果遇到如下錯誤：

ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

current directory: /home/jmutai/.vagrant.d/gems/2.5.1/gems/nokogiri-1.8.4/ext/nokogiri

/usr/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20190225-25314-14hvlbq.rb extconf.rb

checking if the C compiler accepts ... yes

Building nokogiri using system libraries.

pkg-config could not be used to find libxml-2.0

Please install either `pkg-config` or the pkg-config gem per

gem install pkg-config -v "~> 1.1"

然后運行：

$ gem install nokogiri

$ vagrant plugin install pkg-config

然后重試安裝插件：

$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt

Installing the 'vagrant-libvirt' plugin. This can take a few minutes...

Fetching: excon-0.62.0.gem (100%)

Fetching: formatador-0.2.5.gem (100%)

Fetching: fog-core-1.43.0.gem (100%)

Fetching: fog-json-1.2.0.gem (100%)

Fetching: mini_portile2-2.3.0.gem (100%)

Building native extensions. This could take a while...

Fetching: fog-xml-0.1.3.gem (100%)

Fetching: ruby-libvirt-0.7.1.gem (100%)

Building native extensions. This could take a while...

Fetching: fog-libvirt-0.5.0.gem (100%)

Fetching: vagrant-libvirt-0.0.43.gem (100%)

Installed the plugin 'vagrant-libvirt (0.0.43)'!

安裝完成后，可以使用以下命令確認已安裝插件：

$ vagrant plugin list

vagrant-libvirt (0.0.43)

正在下載Vagrant boxes：

Libvirt的Vagrant box是一個包含3個文件的tar存檔：基礎VagrantFile、metadata.json文件、QCOW2圖片。

在這個例子中，我們將使用一個準備好的模板，讓我們添加CentOS 7和CentOS 6 boxes：

$ vagrant box add centos/7 --provider=libvirt

==> box: Loading metadata for box 'centos/7'

box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/7

==> box: Adding box 'centos/7' (v1803.01) for provider: libvirt

$ vagrant box add centos/6 --provider=libvirt

檢查本地boxes presents：

$ vagrant box list

centos/6 (libvirt, 1803.01)

centos/7 (libvirt, 1803.01)

generic/ubuntu1604 (libvirt, 1.5.0)

創建VM Vagrantfile

Vagrant需要配置文件來獲取要創建的VM的詳細信息和設置，讓我們創建一個VM Vagrantfile：

$ mkdir ~/vagrant-vms

$ cd ~/vagrant-vms

創建一個內容類似于以下內容的Vagrantfile：

# -*- mode: ruby -*-

# vi: set ft=ruby :

ENV['VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER'] = 'libvirt'

# Check required plugins

REQUIRED_PLUGINS_LIBVIRT = %w(vagrant-libvirt)

exit unless REQUIRED_PLUGINS_LIBVIRT.all? do |plugin|

Vagrant.has_plugin?(plugin) || (

puts "The #{plugin} plugin is required. Please install it with:"

puts "$ vagrant plugin install #{plugin}"

false

)

end

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|

# Rabbitmq VM

config.vm.define "rabbitmq-centos6" do |node|

node.vm.hostname = "rabbitmq-server-01"

node.vm.box = "centos/6"

node.vm.box_check_update = false

#node.vm.synced_folder '.', '/vagrant', :disabled => true

node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.18.15"

node.vm.provider :libvirt do |domain|

domain.memory = 512

domain.nested = true

end

end

end

要啟動VM，請運行：

$ vagrant up

運行virsh列表以查看是否會獲得VM列表：

$ virsh list

如Vagrantfile中所定義，將創建一個新橋，其中定義了子網的.1 IP地址，默認掩碼為/24：

$ ip ad show dev virbr3

6: virbr3: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000

link/ether 52:54:00:a6:63:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.18.1/24 brd 192.168.18.255 scope global virbr3

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

你也可以使用brctl命令查看網橋：

$ brctl show

要ssh到VM，請使用vagrant ssh命令：

要輸出.ssh/config有效語法以通過ssh連接到此環境，請運行ssh-config命令，需要將~/.ssh/config目錄下提供的輸出放到ssh中：

$ vagrant ssh-config

Host rabbitmq-server-01

HostName 192.168.121.122

User vagrant

Port 22

UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null

StrictHostKeyChecking no

PasswordAuthentication no

IdentityFile /home/jmutai/hacks/vagrant/labs/rabbitmq-server/.vagrant/machines/rabbitmq-server-01/libvirt/private_key

IdentitiesOnly yes

LogLevel FATAL

然后使用ssh命令以上面配置的名稱登錄：

$ ssh rabbitmq-server-01

Last login: Mon Feb 25 10:03:23 2019 from 192.168.121.1

[vagrant@rabbitmq-server-01 ~]$

要關閉VM，請運行：

$ vagrant halt

==> rabbitmq-centos6: Halting domain...

$ virsh list --all

- centos_mysql-server-01 shut off

- rabbitmq-server_rabbitmq-centos6 shut off

- ubuntu-terraform shut off

要通過清除所有數據將VM設置為其初始狀態，請使用vagrant destroy：

$ vagrant destroy

rabbitmq-centos6: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'rabbitmq-centos6' VM? [y/N] y

==> rabbitmq-centos6: Removing domain...

$ virsh list --all

建立自己的Vagrant box

你需要安裝packer才能工作：

$ wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/packer/1.3.4/packer_1.3.4_linux_amd64.zip

$ unzip packer_1.3.4_linux_amd64.zip

Archive: packer_1.3.4_linux_amd64.zip

inflating: packer

$ sudo cp packer /usr/local/bin

$ type packer

packer is /usr/local/bin/packer

然后clone bento Github repo：

$ cd ~/

$ git clone https://github.com/chef/bento

$ cd bento

$ cd centos

$ packer build -only qemu -var "headless=true" centos-7.5-x86_64.json

==> qemu: Gracefully halting virtual machine...

==> qemu: Converting hard drive...

==> qemu: Running post-processor: vagrant

==> qemu (vagrant): Creating Vagrant box for 'libvirt' provider

qemu (vagrant): Copying from artifact: ../builds/packer-centos-7.5-x86_64-qemu/centos-7.5-x86_64

qemu (vagrant): Compressing: Vagrantfile

qemu (vagrant): Compressing: box.img

qemu (vagrant): Compressing: metadata.json

Build 'qemu' finished.

==> Builds finished. The artifacts of successful builds are:

--> qemu: 'libvirt' provider box: ../builds/centos-7.5.libvirt.box

如果構建成功，則準備導入框文件將位于存儲庫根目錄的builds目錄中：

$ vagrant box add builds/centos-7.5.libvirt.box --name "centos-7.5"

==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...

==> box: Adding box 'centos-7.5' (v0) for provider:

box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///home/jmutai/hacks/vagrant/labs/packer/bento/builds/centos-7.5.libvirt.box

==> box: Successfully added box 'centos-7.5' (v0) for 'libvirt'!

確認已安裝box：

$ vagrant box list

centos-7.5 (libvirt, 0)

centos/6 (libvirt, 1803.01)

centos/7 (libvirt, 1803.01)

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