在上一篇博客中，我們補全了一些用戶系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)功能，這期讓我們來實現(xiàn)用戶的上下級關(guān)系以及考勤審批

十 用戶上下級和考勤審批

在我們的系統(tǒng)中，每個用戶只有一個上級，但每個用戶可以有多個下級。因此，我們需要給User表加一個名為supervisor的字段，表明該用戶的上級是誰。一個用戶的可以審批其所有下級的考勤，他自身的考勤也只能被他的上級審批。

我們migrate目錄下打開Powershell，輸入以下命令：

alembic revision -m "add supervisor on user table"

alembic會在versions下生成如下命名方式的文件：ead049362c51_add_supervisor_on_user_table.py。開頭的16進制字符串為當前數(shù)據(jù)庫的版本，每人都是不同的。

在ead049362c51_add_supervisor_on_user_table.py中輸入以下內(nèi)容，為User表加入supervisor字段：

# add_supervisor_on_user_table.py"""add supervisor on user tableRevision ID: ead049362c51 Revises: ac252cf2f6aa Create Date: 2020-11-10 20:47:31.458590""" from alembic import op import sqlalchemy as sa# revision identifiers, used by Alembic. revision = 'ead049362c51' down_revision = 'ac252cf2f6aa' branch_labels = None depends_on = Nonedef upgrade():op.add_column('user', sa.Column('supervisor', sa.String))def downgrade():pass

然后回到powershell，輸入以下命令完成對數(shù)據(jù)庫的升版：

alembic upgrade head

再打開database/tbluser.py，把新的supervisor字段加到User類中：

# database/tbluser.pyfrom database.tablebase import Base from sqlalchemy import Column,String,Integer,Date,DateTimeclass User(Base):__tablename__ = 'user'id = Column(Integer,autoincrement=True,primary_key=True)username = Column(String,unique=True,nullable=False)password = Column(String,nullable=False)email = Column(String,unique=True,nullable=False)usergroup = Column(String,nullable=False)state = Column(String)registerdate = Column(Date)lastlogintime = Column(DateTime)supervisor = Column(String)def __repr__(self):return '<user(username=%s,email=%s,registerdate=%s)>' % (self.username,self.email,self.registerdate)

這樣，我們數(shù)據(jù)庫層面的準備工作就大功告成，下面讓我們開始實現(xiàn)調(diào)整用戶上下級的功能（俗稱“掛人”，即把某個用戶掛在某個用戶的下面）。實現(xiàn)后的效果如下圖：

在這個頁面中，我們可以對用戶的上下級關(guān)系進行調(diào)整，也可以對用戶所屬的用戶組進行調(diào)整。?

我們打開user_app/user_app.py，建立UserOrganization RequestHandler：

# user_app.py # ...class UserOrganization(BaseHandler):def get(self):userorganizationpath = gettemplatepath('userorganization.html')users = session.query(User).filter(User.username != 'Root')usergroups = getallusergroup()userInfos = []for user in users:usergrouplist = []usersupervisorlist = []userInfo = {}userInfo['username'] = user.usernameuserInfo['usergroup'] = user.usergroupif user.usergroup not in usergrouplist:usergrouplist.append(user.usergroup)if user.supervisor not in usersupervisorlist and type(user.supervisor) is str:usersupervisorlist.append(user.supervisor)userInfo['formid'] = user.iduserInfo['groupid'] = str(user.id)+'_group'userInfo['supervisorid'] = str(user.id) + '_supervisor'for othergroup in usergroups:if othergroup.groupname not in usergrouplist:usergrouplist.append(othergroup.groupname)for otheruser in users:if otheruser.username not in usersupervisorlist:usersupervisorlist.append(otheruser.username)userInfo['usergrouplist'] = usergrouplistuserInfo['usersupervisorlist'] = usersupervisorlistuserInfos.append(userInfo)self.render(userorganizationpath,userInfos=userInfos)def post(self):userid = self.get_argument('userid')username = self.get_argument('username')usergroupid = userid + '_group'usergroup = self.get_argument(usergroupid)supervisorid = userid + '_supervisor'supervisor = self.get_argument(supervisorid)result = 'Fail'result = changeuserorganization(username,usergroup,supervisor)resultpath = gettemplatepath('result.html')if result == 'Success':self.redirect('/userorganization')else:result = '操作失敗！'self.render(resultpath,result=result)# main.py # ... routelist = [# ...(r"/userorganization",UserOrganization),# ... ] # ...

在get請求中，我們會獲得除了Root用戶外的所有用戶，并將其相關(guān)信息返回到前端頁面顯示；在post頁面則是根據(jù)選擇的用戶組和上級用戶將選定用戶的用戶組和上級改變。

changeuserorganization函數(shù)位于userutil.py中，代碼如下：

# util/users/userutil.pydef changeuserorganization(username,usergroup,supervisor):print(username)user = session.query(User).filter(User.username == username).first()result = 'Fail'if type(user) is User:user.usergroup = usergroupuser.supervisor = supervisorresult = insertdata(user)if result == 'Success':pass#sendapprovemail(user.username,usergroup,user.email)return result

這個函數(shù)沒啥說的，根據(jù)傳入的用戶名去修改用戶組和上級，如果修改成功后，還可以調(diào)用之前寫的email模塊向用戶發(fā)送郵件，這里就先用pass占個位。

調(diào)整用戶組織的前端頁面代碼如下：

<!--userorganization.html-->{% block content %}<div class="page-wrapper"><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- Container fluid --><!-- ============================================================== --><div class="container-fluid"><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- Bread crumb and right sidebar toggle --><!-- ============================================================== --><div class="row page-titles"><div class="col-md-6 col-8 align-self-center"><h3 class="text-themecolor m-b-0 m-t-0">調(diào)整用戶組織</h3><ol class="breadcrumb"><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/">Home</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active">調(diào)整用戶組織</li></ol></div></div><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End Bread crumb and right sidebar toggle --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- Start Page Content --><!-- ============================================================== --><div class="row"><!-- column --><div class="col-sm-12"><div class="card"><div class="card-block"><h4 class="card-title">調(diào)整用戶組織</h4><div class="table-responsive"><table class="table"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>用戶名</th><th>用戶組</th><th>直屬領(lǐng)導(dǎo)</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for userinfo in userInfos %}<tr><form method="post" id="{{ userinfo['formid'] }}" action="/userorganization"><td><input type="text" value="{{ userinfo['formid'] }}" readonly=true id='userid' name='userid'/></td><td><input type="text" value="{{ escape(userinfo['username']) }}" readonly=true id='username' name='username'/></td><td><select class="form-control form-control-line" name="{{ escape(userinfo['groupid']) }}" id="{{ escape(userinfo['groupid']) }}" >{% for usergroup in userinfo['usergrouplist'] %}<option>{{ escape(usergroup) }}</option>{% end %}</select></td><td><select class="form-control form-control-line" name="{{ escape(userinfo['supervisorid']) }}" id="{{ escape(userinfo['supervisorid']) }}" >{% for supervisor in userinfo['usersupervisorlist'] %}<option>{{ escape(supervisor) }}</option>{% end %}</select></td><td><button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">修改</button></td></form></tr>{% end %}</tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End PAge Content --><!-- ============================================================== --></div><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End Container fluid --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- footer --><!-- ============================================================== --><footer class="footer text-center">? 2020 Tornado考勤系統(tǒng)</footer><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End footer --><!-- ============================================================== --></div>{% end %}

?這個頁面的代碼與上篇博客中寫的用戶審批頁面基本相似，都是為每個用戶建立一個表單，用于對其修改。

最后，不要忘了在導(dǎo)航欄中加入這部分的導(dǎo)航，我們當前的導(dǎo)航欄代碼應(yīng)該是這個樣子，包含了我們之前實現(xiàn)的所有功能，以及一些我們還沒有介紹到的功能：

<!--base_nav.html--><nav class="sidebar-nav"><ul id="sidebarnav"><li><a href="/" class="waves-effect"><i class="fa fa-bank m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>主頁</a></li><li><a href="#" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#timesheetmanage"><i class="fa fa-calendar m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>考勤管理</a><ul id="timesheetmanage" class="collapse"><li><a href="/createtimesheetevent" class="waves-effect"><i class="fa fa-clock-o m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>創(chuàng)建考勤事件</a></li><li><a href="/timesheetindex" class="waves-effect"><i class="fa fa-pencil m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>考勤</a></li><li><a href="/approvetimesheetindex" class="waves-effect"><i class="fa fa-check m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>審批考勤</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#usergroupmanage"><i class="fa fa-sitemap m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>用戶組管理</a><ul id="usergroupmanage" class="collapse"><li><a href="/createusergroup" class="waves-effect"><i class="fa fa-group m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>創(chuàng)建用戶組</a></li><li><a href="/viewusergroup" class="waves-effect"><i class="fa fa-info-circle m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>查看用戶組</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#usermanage"><i class="fa fa-user-circle m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>用戶管理</a><ul id="usermanage" class="collapse"><li><a href="/usermanage" class="waves-effect"><i class="fa fa-user-o m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>用戶審批</a></li><li><a href="/userorganization" class="waves-effect"><i class="fa fa-info-circle m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>調(diào)整用戶組織</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="icon-fontawesome.html" class="waves-effect"><i class="fa fa-font m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>Icons</a></li><li><a href="pages-blank.html" class="waves-effect"><i class="fa fa-columns m-r-10" aria-hidden="true"></i>Blank Page</a></li></ul></nav>

在把用戶們“掛”好后，讓我們開始實現(xiàn)審批考勤的功能。審批考勤功能主頁面如下：

從圖中可以看出，test用戶下面掛著test1和test2兩名用戶，且test1填寫了今年1月、10月和11月的考勤（這有點不太合理，之后會對功能做一些限制）；test2填寫了今年1月和3月的考勤。除了test1在11月的考勤已被批準外，剩下的考勤均處于待批準狀態(tài)。

點開批準鏈接，可以進入到審批考勤頁面：

?

同之前查看考勤的頁面基本相同，只不過底下多了批準和拒絕的選項。

我們打開timesheet_app/timesheet_app.py，輸入以下代碼：

# timesheet_app/timesheet_app.py # ...class ApproveTimeSheetIndex(BaseHandler):def get(self):approveinfolist = []username = ''bytes_user = self.get_secure_cookie('currentuser')if type(bytes_user) is bytes:username = str(bytes_user, encoding='utf-8')approvetimesheetindexpath = gettemplatepath('approvetimesheetindex.html')employees = session.query(User).filter(User.supervisor==username)year = datetime.datetime.today().yearfor employee in employees:approveinfo = {}monthlist = []approveinfo['employee'] = employee.usernametimesheets = session.query(TimeSheet).filter(and_(TimeSheet.username == employee.username,TimeSheet.year == year))for timesheet in timesheets:monthlist.append(timesheet.month)approveinfo[timesheet.month] = timesheet.stateapproveinfo['monthlist'] = monthlistapproveinfolist.append(approveinfo)self.render(approvetimesheetindexpath,approveinfolist=approveinfolist,year=year) # ...

這里首先會選出當前用戶的所有下級，并將他們今年填寫過的考勤一并列出。

前端頁面approvetimesheetindex.html如下：

<!--approvetimesheetindex.html-->{% block content %}<div class="page-wrapper"><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- Container fluid --><!-- ============================================================== --><div class="container-fluid"><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- Bread crumb and right sidebar toggle --><!-- ============================================================== --><div class="row page-titles"><div class="col-md-6 col-8 align-self-center"><h3 class="text-themecolor m-b-0 m-t-0">審批考勤</h3><ol class="breadcrumb"><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/">Home</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active">審批考勤</li></ol></div></div><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End Bread crumb and right sidebar toggle --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- Start Page Content --><!-- ============================================================== --><div class="row"><!-- column --><div class="col-sm-12"><div class="card"><div class="card-block"><h4 class="card-title">審批考勤</h4><div class="table-responsive"><table class="table"><thead><tr><th>員工</th><th>年</th><th>月</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for approveinfo in approveinfolist %}{% for month in approveinfo['monthlist'] %}<tr><td>{{ escape(approveinfo['employee']) }}</td><td>{{ year }}</td><td>{{ month }}</td>{% if approveinfo[month] == 'Approved' %}<td><a href="/approvetimesheet/year={{ year }}&month={{ month }}&employee={{ approveinfo['employee'] }}">查看</a></td>{% else %}<td><a href="/approvetimesheet/year={{ year }}&month={{ month }}&employee={{ approveinfo['employee'] }}">批準</a></td>{% end %}</tr>{% end %}{% end %}</tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End PAge Content --><!-- ============================================================== --></div><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End Container fluid --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- footer --><!-- ============================================================== --><footer class="footer text-center">? 2020 Tornado考勤系統(tǒng)</footer><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End footer --><!-- ============================================================== --></div>{% end %}

?這里會把后端的數(shù)據(jù)渲染到前端，并且根據(jù)當前考勤表的狀態(tài)顯示查看或批準的選項。

?同樣在main.py中添加其路由：

# main.py routelist = [# ...(r"/approvetimesheetindex",ApproveTimeSheetIndex),# ... ]

回到timesheet_app/timesheet_app.py，實現(xiàn)ApproveTimeSheet和RejectTimeSheet功能：

# timesheet_app/timesheet_app.pyclass ApproveTimeSheet(BaseHandler):def get(self,year,month,employee):year = int(year.split('=')[1])month = int(month.split('=')[1])employee = employee.split('=')[1]timesheetviewer = TimeSheetViewer(username=employee,year=year,month=month)timesheetviewer.gettimesheetmap()timesheetcalendar = TimeSheetCalendar(year, month)timesheetcalendar.generatecalendar()monthday_map = timesheetcalendar.getmonthmap()week_list = timesheetcalendar.getweeklist()timesheet_map = timesheetviewer.gettimesheetmap()timesheet_state = timesheetviewer.getstate()timesheet_approveuser = timesheetviewer.getapproveuser()timesheet_approvedate = timesheetviewer.getapprovedate()approvetimesheetpath = gettemplatepath('approvetimesheet.html')self.render(approvetimesheetpath, monthdaymap=monthday_map,weeklist=week_list,timesheetmap=timesheet_map,timesheetstate=timesheet_state,timesheetapprovedate=timesheet_approvedate,timesheetapproveuser=timesheet_approveuser,employee=employee,year=year,month=month)def post(self):username = ''bytes_user = self.get_secure_cookie('currentuser')if type(bytes_user) is bytes:username = str(bytes_user, encoding='utf-8')employee = self.get_argument('employee')year = self.get_argument('year')month = self.get_argument('month')result = changetimesheetstate(username,employee,int(year),int(month),'Approved')resultpath = gettemplatepath('timesheetfail.html')if result == 'Success':self.redirect('/approvetimesheetindex')else:result = '操作失敗！'self.render(resultpath,result=result)class RejectTimeSheet(BaseHandler):def get(self,year,month,employee):username = ''bytes_user = self.get_secure_cookie('currentuser')if type(bytes_user) is bytes:username = str(bytes_user, encoding='utf-8')employee = employee.split('=')[1]year = year.split('=')[1]month = month.split('=')[1]result = changetimesheetstate(username,employee,int(year),int(month),'Reject')resultpath = gettemplatepath('timesheetfail.html')if result == 'Success':self.redirect('/approvetimesheetindex')else:result = '操作失敗！'self.render(resultpath,result=result)

我們的ApproveTimeSheet分兩部分：get部分用于顯示之前的頁面，基本上可以視為ViewTimeSheet的翻版，只不過多傳入了employee的信息；而post頁面會調(diào)用changetimesheetstate函數(shù)來改變指定timesheet的狀態(tài)，改變完畢后重定向到approvetimesheetindex頁面中。changetimesheetstate函數(shù)位于timesheet/timesheetutil.py中：

# timesheet/timesheetutil.pydef changetimesheetstate(approver,employee,year,month,state):timesheet = session.query(TimeSheet).filter(and_(TimeSheet.username == employee,TimeSheet.year == year, TimeSheet.month == month)).first()result = 'Fail'if type(timesheet) is TimeSheet:timesheet.state = statetimesheet.approveusername = approvertimesheet.approvedate = datetime.datetime.today()result = insertdata(timesheet)return result# ...

這個函數(shù)沒什么說的，基本的數(shù)據(jù)修改操作。

RejectTimeSheet函數(shù)使用get請求方式，同樣調(diào)用changetimesheetstate函數(shù)來拒絕掉考勤。

以上兩個功能對應(yīng)的前端代碼如下：

<!--approvetimesheet.html-->{% block content %}<div class="page-wrapper"><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- Container fluid --><!-- ============================================================== --><div class="container-fluid"><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- Bread crumb and right sidebar toggle --><!-- ============================================================== --><div class="row page-titles"><div class="col-md-6 col-8 align-self-center"><h3 class="text-themecolor m-b-0 m-t-0">{{ escape(employee) }} - {{ year }} - {{ month }}</h3><ol class="breadcrumb"><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/approvetimesheetindex">審批考勤</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active">{{ escape(employee) }} - {{ year }} - {{ month }}</li></ol></div></div><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End Bread crumb and right sidebar toggle --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- Start Page Content --><!-- ============================================================== --><div class="row"><!-- column --><div class="col-sm-12"><div class="card"><div class="card-block"><h4 class="card-title">審批考勤</h4><div class="table-responsive">{% for week in weeklist %}<table class="table"><thead><tr>{% for day in week %}<th>{{ day }}{% if monthdaymap[day] == 'Mon' or monthdaymap[day] == 'Tues' or monthdaymap[day] == 'Wed' or monthdaymap[day] == 'Thur' or monthdaymap[day] == 'Fri' or monthdaymap[day] == 'Sat' or monthdaymap[day] == 'Sun' %}({{ monthdaymap[day] }}){% else %}(N/A){% end %}</th>{% end %}</tr></thead><tbody><tr>{% for day in week %}<td>{{ timesheetmap[day] }}</td>{% end %}</tr></tbody></table>{% end %}{% if timesheetstate != 'Approved' %}<table class="table"><thead><tr><th>員工</th><th>年份</th><th>月份</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><form method="post" action="/approvetimesheet"><td><input type="text" value="{{ employee }}" readonly=true id='employee' name='employee'/></td><td><input type="text" value="{{ year }}" readonly=true id='year' name='year'/></td><td><input type="text" value="{{ month }}" readonly=true id='month' name='month'/></td><td><button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">批準</button> |<a href="/rejecttimesheet/year={{ year }}&month={{ month }}&employee={{ employee }}">拒絕</a></td></form></tr></tbody></table>{% end %}</div></div></div></div></div><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End PAge Content --><!-- ============================================================== --></div><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End Container fluid --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- footer --><!-- ============================================================== --><footer class="footer text-center">? 2020 Tornado考勤系統(tǒng)</footer><!-- ============================================================== --><!-- End footer --><!-- ============================================================== --></div>{% end %} <!-- ... -->

這里需要注意的是，“批準”是作為表單的submit按鈕實現(xiàn)的，因此“批準”所需的參數(shù)都可以從表單中獲得，無需帶路由的參數(shù)；但“拒絕”則是使用普通的a標簽，因此這里需要帶路由的參數(shù)：

# main.py# ... routelist = [# ...(r"/approvetimesheet/(year=\d*)&(month=\d*)&(employee=.*)",ApproveTimeSheet),(r"/approvetimesheet", ApproveTimeSheet),(r"/rejecttimesheet/(year=\d*)&(month=\d*)&(employee=.*)", RejectTimeSheet),# ... ]

我們對ApproveTimeSheet設(shè)置了兩種不同的路由：帶參數(shù)的路由用于從ApproveTimeSheetIndex進入到具體的審批頁面，而不帶參數(shù)的用于具體的審批功能，因為年、月以及雇員都已經(jīng)在審批頁面中顯示出來了，通過表單可直接獲取到；RejectTimeSheet則是使用帶參數(shù)的路由。

在這篇博客中，我們實現(xiàn)了用戶的上下級關(guān)系調(diào)整以及審批考勤的功能，整個考勤系統(tǒng)初步完成。在之后的博客中，我們將繼續(xù)開發(fā)請假系統(tǒng)以及權(quán)限控制相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，希望大家繼續(xù)關(guān)注~

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