上一篇介紹了虛擬化的基礎知識；這里來介紹具體的虛擬化工具的配置使用：

一、Xen的安裝配置詳解：

1、配置yum源

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/xen4/x86_64/ ????163或其他yum源

#?cat?/etc/yum.repos.d/xen4.repo? [Xen4] name=Xen4?project #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/xen4/x86_64/ baseurl=ftp://172.16.0.1/pub/Sources/6.x86_64/xen4/x86_64????????#這里使用的是本地yum源 gpgcheck=0 cost=500

2、配置好查看：

#?yum?list?all?|?grep?xen libvirt-daemon-driver-xen.x86_64???????????0.10.2.8-7.el6.centos.alt???????@Xen4 xen.x86_64?????????????????????????????????4.2.4-30.el6.centos.alt?????????@Xen4 xen-hypervisor.x86_64??????????????????????4.2.4-30.el6.centos.alt?????????@Xen4 xen-libs.x86_64????????????????????????????4.2.4-30.el6.centos.alt?????????@Xen4 xen-licenses.x86_64????????????????????????4.2.4-30.el6.centos.alt?????????@Xen4 xen-runtime.x86_64?????????????????????????4.2.4-30.el6.centos.alt?????????@Xen4 libvirt-daemon-xen.x86_64??????????????????0.10.2.8-7.el6.centos.alt???????Xen4? xen-devel.x86_64???????????????????????????4.2.4-30.el6.centos.alt?????????Xen4? xen-doc.x86_64?????????????????????????????4.2.4-30.el6.centos.alt?????????Xen4? xen-ocaml.x86_64???????????????????????????4.2.4-30.el6.centos.alt?????????Xen4? xen-ocaml-devel.x86_64?????????????????????4.2.4-30.el6.centos.alt?????????Xen4? xenserverjava.noarch???????????????????????5.6.100.1-1.el6?????????????????epel? xenserverjava-javadoc.noarch???????????????5.6.100.1-1.el6?????????????????epel

注意查看kernel的版本；3.10測試是無法啟動的；需要低于3.10版本。建議安裝時直接指定內核。

3、安裝完成后修改grub文件。

#?yum?-y?install?xen?kernel-3.4.61?kernel-firmware-3.4.61 #?vim?/boot/grub/grub.conf #注意按照以下修改 #vmlinuz和initramfs都作為xen內核的模塊default=0 timeout=5 splashp_w_picpath=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title?CentOS?(3.4.61-9.el6.centos.alt.x86_64)root?(hd0,0)kernel?/xen.gz?dom0_mem=1024M?cpufreq=xen?dom0_max_vcpus=2?dom0_vcpus_pinmodule?/vmlinuz-3.4.61-9.el6.centos.alt.x86_64?ro?root=/dev/mapper/vg0-root?rd_NO_LUKS?rd_NO_DM?LANG=en_US.UTF-8?rd_LVM_LV=vg0/swap?rd_NO_MD?SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16?crashkernel=auto?rd_LVM_LV=vg0/root??KEYBOARDTYPE=pc?KEYTABLE=us?rhgb?crashkernel=automodule?/initramfs-3.4.61-9.el6.centos.alt.x86_64.img ....

4、重啟進入新內核即可。

#?uname?-r 3.4.61-9.el6.centos.alt.x86_64 #?rpm?-q?xen xen-4.2.4-30.el6.centos.alt.x86_64#?xm?info host???????????????????:?node4.soul.com release????????????????:?3.4.61-9.el6.centos.alt.x86_64 version????????????????:?#1?SMP?Wed?Sep?11?15:34:17?UTC?2013 machine????????????????:?x86_64 nr_cpus????????????????:?1 nr_nodes???????????????:?1 cores_per_socket???????:?1 threads_per_core???????:?1 cpu_mhz????????????????:?2399 hw_caps????????????????:?0fabfbff:28100800:00000000:00003f40:80b82221:00000000:00000001:00000000 virt_caps??????????????:?hvm ......

5、設置橋接網絡；注意需要必須關閉NetworkManager和開機自啟。

#?chkconfig?NetworkManager?off #?service?NetworkManager?stop #?vim?bridge.sh #提供腳本自動配置橋設備#!/bin/bash ip=`ifconfig?eth0?|?awk?-F?:?'/inet?addr:/{print?$2}'?|?awk?'{print?$1}'` brctl?addbr?br0 ifconfig?eth0?0?up brctl?addif?br0?eth0 ifconfig?br0?${ip}/16?up brctl?stp?br0?on

如需機器重啟后還生效的需要更改配置文件：

#?cd?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ #?cp?ifcfg-eth0?ifcfg-br0 #?vim?ifcfg-br0 DEVICE=br0 BOOTPROTO=none NM_CONTROLLED=no #需要更改no ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Bridge #首字符需大寫 IPADDR=192.168.0.114 NETMASK=255.255.0.0 GATEWAY=192.168.0.254 DNS1=172.16.0.1 IPV6INIT=no USERCTL=no#?vim?ifcfg-eth0? DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none HWADDR=00:0c:29:f9:b3:df NM_CONTROLLED=yes ONBOOT=yes BRIDGE=br0 TYPE=Ethernet UUID="12058363-37d9-4857-8c22-0a0da4b52c88" IPV6INIT=no USERCTL=no #重啟網卡測試即可。

二、下面創建一個虛擬機并安裝系統測試

提供initrd.img vmlinuz這兩個文件；repo鏡像文件的isolinux文件夾里

本次直接下載到root家目錄下。

1、提供配置文件

#?cd?/etc/xen/ #?vim?centos6 kernel?=?"/root/vmlinuz"???????????? ramdisk?=?"/root/initrd.img"???? memory?=?512 name?=?"centos6" vif?=?[?'bridge=br0'?]????????????#指定網卡為橋接br0上 disk?=?[?'file:/xen/vm1/centos6.img,xvda,w'?]????????#指定disk在后端和前端名稱和權限 on_reboot="destroy"??????????????????????????????????#執行xm?reboot命令或在當前域內部執行重啟操作時由Xen執行的動作；destroy為關機。

創建上述disk文件

#?cd?/xen/vm1/ #?dd?if=/dev/zero?of=centos6.img?oflag=direct?seek=102399?bs=1M?count=1

2、啟動測試

#?cd?/etc/xen/ #?xm?create?centos6 #?xm?console?centos6┌────────┤?Choose?a?Language?├────────┐│???????????????????????????????????????????????????????││?What?language?would?you?like?to?use???????????????????││?during?the?installation?process???????????????????????│??????????????????????????????│???????????????????????????????????????????????????????││??????Catalan????????????????↑????????????????????????││??????Chinese(Simplified)??????????????????????????????││??????Chinese(Traditional)?????????????????????????????││??????Croatian?????????????????????????????????????????││??????Czech????????????????????????????????????????????││??????Danish???????????????????????????????????????????││??????Dutch????????????????????????????????????????????││??????English????????????????↓????????????????????????││???????????????????????????????????????????????????????││???????????????┌────┐????????????????????????????││???????????????│?OK?│??│????????????????????????????││???????????????└────┘????????????????????????????│測試啟動成功。可以測試安裝了...┌───────────────┤?Formatting?├─——───────────┐???????????│??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????││?Creating?ext4?filesystem?on?/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root?????????????????│???????????│??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????││??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????│???????????└──────────────────────────────────———┘

3、安裝完成后需要先關機；然后更改配置文件

#?cd?/etc/xen/ #?vim?centos6 #kernel?=?"/root/vmlinuz" #ramdisk?=?"/root/initrd.img" bootloader="/usr/bin/pygrub" #添加這行；注釋上述兩行；保存啟動虛擬機 memory?=?512 name?=?"centos6" vif?=?[?'bridge=br0'?] disk?=?[?'file:/xen/vm1/centos6.img,xvda,w'?] on_reboot="destroy"

重啟后xm console centos6連接測試或者ssh遠程連接測試即可。

配置好網關測試連接即可。

localhost.localdomain?login:? #測試可以正常啟動登陸 CentOS?release?6.5?(Final) Kernel?2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64?on?an?x86_64 #?ifconfig?eth0?192.168.0.11/16?up

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三、基礎工具使用

1、vnc使用說明

• 安裝vnc；遠程桌面連接：

#?yum?-y?install?tigervnc-server #?vncserver?:1 tcp????LISTEN?????0??????5??????????????????????*:5901??????????????????*:*??????users:(("Xvnc",9358,6)) #監聽端口：5901 #可以在windows客戶端使用vnc客戶端連接。 #同時也可以啟動多個vnc；且相互獨立。 #?vncserver?:2?...

• 創建vnc安裝格式：

創建配置文件：

#?vim?rhel6? kernel="/root/vnc/vmlinuz" ramdisk="/root/vnc/initrd.img" vcpus=2 memory=512 name="rhel6" disk=['file:/xen/vm3/rhel6.qcow2,xvda,w'] vif=['bridge=br0'] vfb=['vnc=1,sdl=1'] #vnc選項；只能Dom0下使用vnc連接后啟動當前窗口下打開 on_reboot="destroy"#?pwd /xen/vm3 #該目錄下創建文件 #?qemu-img?create?-f?qcow2?-o?size=120G,preallocation=metadata?rhel6.qcow #創建完成后在連接Dom0的vnc下啟動虛擬機安裝即可。

2、libvirt使用方法：

• 安裝：

#?yum?-y?install?libvirt #?service?libvirtd?start #?brctl?show bridge?name bridge?id STP?enabled interfaces br0 8000.000c29f9b3df no eth0vif1.0 virbr0 8000.000000000000 yes #?yum?-y?install?virt-manager #安裝上管理工具 #?yum?-y?install?virt-viewer #安裝virt-viewer工具 #?virt-manager?& #啟動即可安裝；需要Xmanager支持 #?virt-install?-n?"centos-pxe"?-r?512?--vcpus=1?--pxe?--disk?path=/xen/vm2/centos-pxe.img?--network?bridge=br0?--force?-v #基于pxe引導安裝；需要在啟動虛擬機是開啟CPU的虛擬化Intel?VT-x/EPT...和虛擬化CPU性能...具體用法：virt-install?--help

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四、xm 工具詳解

1、動態添加磁盤

#?xm?block-list?centos6 #顯示塊設備 Vdev??BE?handle?state?evt-ch?ring-ref?BE-path 51712??0????0?????4??????8??????8?????/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51712?#?xm?block-attach Error:?'xm?block-attach'?requires?between?4?and?5?arguments. Usage:?xm?block-attach?<Domain>?<BackDev>?<FrontDev>?<Mode>?[BackDomain] Create?a?new?virtual?block?device.#先創建一個磁盤文件： #?cd?/xen/vm1/ #?ls?-lh total?3.3G -rw-r--r--?1?root?root?100G?May?22?10:30?centos6.img #?qemu-img?create?-f?qcow?-o?size=10G?test.qcow Formatting?'test.qcow',?fmt=qcow?size=10737418240?encryption=off? [root@node4?vm1]#?ls?-lh total?3.3G -rw-r--r--?1?root?root?100G?May?22?10:32?centos6.img -rw-r--r--?1?root?root??41K?May?22?10:32?test.qcow#?xm?block-attach?centos6?file:/xen/vm1/test.qcow?xvdb?w #添加 #?xm?block-list?centos6 Vdev??BE?handle?state?evt-ch?ring-ref?BE-path 51712??0????0?????4??????8??????8?????/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51712?? 51728??0????0?????4??????10?????868???/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51728#?fdisk?-l?/dev/xvd[a-z]Disk?/dev/xvda:?107.4?GB,?107374182400?bytes .... Disk?/dev/xvdb:?0?MB,?40960?bytes #查看已顯示；動態添加成功 ....

2、刪除磁盤；刪除前請確保被刪除磁盤未被掛載使用；或者先卸載掛載使用的分區：

#?xm?block-detach Error:?'xm?block-detach'?requires?between?2?and?3?arguments. Usage:?xm?block-detach?<Domain>?<DevId>?[-f|--force] Destroy?a?domain's?virtual?block?device.#?xm?block-list?centos6 Vdev??BE?handle?state?evt-ch?ring-ref?BE-path 51712??0????0?????4??????8??????8?????/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51712?? 51728??0????0?????4??????10?????868???/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51728? #?xm?block-detach?centos6?51728 #移除#?xm?block-list?centos6 Vdev??BE?handle?state?evt-ch?ring-ref?BE-path 51712??0????0?????4??????8??????8?????/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51712? #fdisk?查看下相關命令操作都是一樣；?xm?--help

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五、其他命令說明

save/restore：保存恢復虛擬機

#?xm?save Usage:?xm?save?[-c]?<Domain>?<CheckpointFile> Save?a?domain?state?to?restore?later.-c,?--checkpoint???????????????Leave?domain?running?after?creating??snapshot #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???985?????2?????r-----???1298.5 centos6??????????????????????????????????????1???512?????1?????-b----?????25.0 #?xm?save?centos6?/tmp/centos.save?? #把內存中的數據保存起來 -rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root?514M?May?22?10:56?centos.save #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???985?????2?????r-----???1342.6#?xm?restore?/tmp/centos.save #恢復 #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???985?????2?????r-----???1401.7 centos6??????????????????????????????????????8???512?????1?????-b----??????0.0

pause/unpause：暫停啟動

#?xm?pause?centos6 #暫停 #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???985?????2?????r-----???1404.7 centos6??????????????????????????????????????8???512?????1?????--p---??????0.5#?xm?unpause?centos6具體還需要xm?--help??查看詳細。

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六、虛擬機的實時遷移

1、配置兩臺xen主機；并修改其配置文件：

#啟動以下選項 #?vim?/etc/xen/xend-config.sxp (xend-relocation-server?yes) (xend-relocation-port?8002) (xend-relocation-address?'') (xend-relocation-hosts-allow?'')#?service?xend?restart #?ss?-tunl?|?grep?8002 tcp????LISTEN?????0??????5??????????????????????*:8002??????????????????*:*

2、使用共享存儲(NFS/ISCSI)或者分布式文件系統

這里使用的是NFS：

#?vim?/etc/exports? /xen/vm1????????192.168.0.0/16(rw,no_root_squash)另臺Xen掛載 #?mount?-t?nfs?192.168.0.114:/xen/vm1/?/xen/vm1/

3、啟動測試：

#?xm?create?-c?centos6 #給虛擬機配置地址長ping測試 #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???512?????2?????r-----????273.1 centos6??????????????????????????????????????2???512?????1?????-b----?????12.1 #?xm?migrate #可以遷移到別的節點 #?xm?migrate?-l?centos6?192.168.0.114 遷移到別的節點 #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???512?????2?????r-----????284.1#測試遷移正常；ping值也是正常未中斷 #?xm?migrate?-l?centos6?192.168.0.113 可以再遷移回來

到此配置完成。

如有錯誤；懇請更正。

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/chenpipi/1416423

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