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Cloud environments are regularly touted as providing 100% guaranteed uptime, making them amongst the most reliable services available in the web hosting industry. Although dedicated servers have been able to provide similar uptime rates for a long time now, this hasn’t been without its cost and what has made the cloud popular is its relative affordability in comparison. With all this considered, you’re probably wondering what ingredients go into the cloud to make it as reliable as it is, well read on to find out.

云環境經常被吹捧為提供100％有保證的正常運行時間，使其成為Web托管行業中最可靠的服務之一。 盡管專用服務器已經能夠在很長一段時間內提供類似的正常運行時間率，但這并非沒有代價，而使云普及的原因是其相對的可承受性。 考慮到所有這些因素，您可能想知道將什么成分放入云中以使其變得盡可能可靠，請仔細閱讀以進行查找。

支持多臺服務器 (The support of multiple servers)

A cloud environment is comprised of multiple servers that are controlled by a common piece of software known as a ‘hypervisor’. Rather than running an operating system such as Windows or Linux, the hardware underpinning the cloud is based on this hypervisor software so that it has direct access to the hardware on the server and therefore better control; running virtualisation software on top of an existing operating system can sometimes cause compatibility and permissions issues.

云環境由多個服務器組成，這些服務器由稱為“管理程序”的通用軟件控制。 支持云的硬件不是基于Windows或Linux之類的操作系統，而是基于該虛擬機監控程序軟件，因此可以直接訪問服務器上的硬件，從而可以更好地進行控制。 在現有操作系統上運行虛擬化軟件有時會導致兼容性和權限問題。

With all of these servers being controlled by central servers and running a common piece of software, all resources are virtually pooled and the cloud is treated as a single entity rather than as a collection of individual servers. Virtual machines in the cloud can be transported across the cloud as dictated by server availability; if one server fails, the VMs hosted on that server can be moved over to another server almost instantaneously so that users don’t experience any disruption to their service. A central SAN, or Storage Area Network, which is basically a large collection of hard drives hosted on a network-connected appliance, usually managed storage in the cloud. The central storage architecture contributes to the ease of transporting VMs across servers since all data is stored here so when a virtual machine is migrated to another server, the VM’s actual data doesn’t need to be moved.

由于所有這些服務器都由中央服務器控制并運行一個通用軟件，因此虛擬地共享了所有資源，并且將云視為單個實體，而不是單個服務器的集合。 根據服務器的可用性，可以在云中傳輸虛擬機。 如果一臺服務器發生故障，則該服務器上托管的VM可以幾乎立即轉移到另一臺服務器上，以使用戶不會受到服務中斷的影響。 中央SAN或存儲區域網絡，基本上是網絡連接的設備上托管的大量硬盤驅動器，通常是云中的托管存儲。 由于所有數據都存儲在此處，因此中央存儲體系結構簡化了跨服務器傳輸VM的工作，因此，當將虛擬機遷移到另一臺服務器時，無需移動VM的實際數據。

?All this aids the reliability of the cloud by providing an environment that is resilient against hardware failure.

所有這些都通過提供可抵抗硬件故障的環境來提高云的可靠性。

網絡和電源冗余 (Network and power redundancy)

To accompany the multiple servers that power a cloud environment, network and power redundancy also assist in providing a service that is capable of achieving 100% uptime.

為了與支持云環境的多臺服務器一起，網絡和電源冗余還有助于提供能夠實現100％正常運行時間的服務。

Network redundancy is fundamental in allowing external access to websites and servers that are hosted in the cloud and you will be hard done by to find an ISP or data centre provider that hosts its servers on a single connection. In the case of our cloud, you will find that your virtual machines will be hosted on a cloud in a data centre that utilises multiple Internet connections so that if the primary connection does fail, you will still have full access to your cloud servers. N+1 redundancy has also been used in the design of internal networks; if you imagine N = a piece of networking hardware, +1 is the exact same piece of hardware. Network item N is the primary piece of hardware that is in use, whilst +1 is a backup that is available for the network to fall back onto in the event of the failure of the primary networking appliance.

網絡冗余是允許外部訪問托管在云中的網站和服務器的基礎，您將很難找到在單個連接上托管其服務器的ISP或數據中心提供商。 對于我們的云，您會發現您的虛擬機將托管在使用多個Internet連接的數據中心的云中，因此，如果主連接確實失敗，您仍將擁有對云服務器的完全訪問權限。 N + 1冗余也已用于內部網絡的設計中。 如果您想象N =一個網絡硬件，則+1是完全相同的硬件。 網絡項N是使用中的主要硬件，而+1是備用項，一旦主要聯網設備出現故障，網絡就可以使用備用項。

Power redundancy is just as important as networking redundancy. If the power of the hardware in the cloud fails, then in any place other than a data centre, this would result in the entire environment crashing because it has no electricity to run it. However, in a professional data centre a cloud will be running off multiple power feeds. As is the case with network redundancy, multiple power feeds have been used so that in the event that the primary power feed is cut off, electricity can still be supplied from other sources. Other typical power redundancy measures taken include UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) batteries and diesel generators that can provide power for the short-term in case of a complete blackout.

電源冗余與網絡冗余同等重要。 如果云中硬件的電源出現故障，那么在數據中心以外的任何地方，這都將導致整個環境崩潰，因為它沒有電力運行。 但是，在專業的數據中心中，云將由多個電源供電。 與網絡冗余一樣，已使用了多個電源，因此在切斷主電源的情況下，仍然可以從其他來源供電。 采取的其他典型電源冗余措施包括UPS(不間斷電源)電池和柴油發電機，在完全停電的情況下，可在短期內提供電源。

支撐 (The support)

All server hardware needs to be professionally maintained if it is to remain operational. And the cloud is no exception to this rule; indeed having professional support engineers available around the clock is one of the core pillars of a reliable cloud environment.

要保持所有服務器硬件的正常運行，必須對其進行專業維護。 云也不例外。 確實，全天候有專業支持工程師是可靠云環境的核心Struts之一。

In the case of our cloud services, we provide full 24×7 support so that we are on hand to deal with any issues in the cloud the moment that they are discovered. Similarly, as your package includes this full support, you can call on us to help you with any issue at any time of the day so that you can get the most out of your cloud servers. It doesn’t matter whether hardware needs replacing, or software needs installing or updating, support engineers are the only people who have the technical know how to achieve these things and the chances are that the cloud would simply grind to a halt if such tasks weren’t performed on a regular basis.

就我們的云服務而言，我們提供了全天候的24×7全天候支持，以便我們一經發現就立即處理云中的任何問題。 同樣，由于您的軟件包提供了全面的支持，因此您可以在一天中的任何時間致電我們以幫助您解決任何問題，以便您最大程度地利用云服務器。 硬件是否需要更換，軟件是否需要安裝或更新都無關緊要，支持工程師是唯一具有技術知識來實現??這些目標的人員，而且如果不執行這些任務，云很可能會停頓下來。沒有定期進行。

翻譯自: https://www.eukhost.com/blog/webhosting/what-makes-a-cloud-environment-reliable/

云騎士裝機大師可靠嗎

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