英语语法笔记——冠词
冠詞
- 冠詞
- a/an
- 使用方法
- 基本用法
- 特殊用法
- 用one不用a/an的情況總結
- the
- 發音
- 基本用法
- 特殊用法
- 【the】 VS 【a/an】
- 零冠詞
- 基本用法
- 【A/AN】 VS 【零冠詞】
- 【A/AN】 VS 【零冠詞】
- 【THE】 VS 【零冠詞】
- 高級用法
冠詞
a/an
使用方法
依據發音，輔音音素前：a，元音音素前：an
eg.
-
a ticket, a bicycle, a shop, a holiday, a day, a student, a one-pound coin, a university student, a bus, a student, a house, a VIP, a useful book, a unit, a one-hour lesson, a European
-
an exercise, an American, an afternoon, an airpot, an address, an old man, an English student, an uncle, an hour’s lesson, an elephant, an X-ray, an honest man
ps. 如果單數名詞前有形容詞進行修飾，則與形容詞保持一致
eg.
- a car (expensive) —— an
- a friend (old) —— an
- a child (unhappy) —— an
- an uncle (rich) —— a
- an exercise (hard) —— a
- a language (European) —— a
基本用法
eg.
He’s a cook.
She’s a hairdresser.
特殊用法
eg.
I did the translation with a dictionary.
You cannot get in without a ticket.
I work as a teacher.
eg.
I haven’t got an email.
I didn’t listen to the program; I haven’t got a radio.
eg.
What a crazy idea.
用one不用a/an的情況總結
eg.
One girl wanted to go out, but the others wanted to stay at home.
eg.
One day, I’ll take you to meet my family.
eg.
One day last year - it was a very hot afternoon in June - I was hurrying to get home. I was about an hour late - well, to be precise, exactly one hour and ten minute: I had missed my train.
Anyway, there was a woman standing under the trees, and there were several children with her. I saw one child clearly - she was a lovely dark-haired girl - but I only heard the others. Suddenly a strange thing happened. The girl took some stones out of her pocket, and threw one stone after another into the air.
the
發音
元音音素前：
the beginning, the time, the horse, the European, the woman, the place
輔音音素前：
the office, the hour, the end, the address, the old man, the American
基本用法
eg.
- Sarah’s the most intelligent person in our family.
- I’ve got a present for you.
- John’s the only boy in the class.
- What time is the first train tomorrow morning?
- Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
- Would you like a cup of coffee?
eg.
This is a true story. Once I went into a big sports shop because I wanted a sports bag. An assistant came up to me, and I told him what I wanted. The assistant brought me three different bags. I chose the smallest one and paid for it.
The assistant put the bag in a large plastic bag. I told him one bag was enough, and asked him to take the bag out of the other bag. He did so, but he looked very unhappy as I walked out of the shop.
特殊用法
eg.
My hair is the same color as my mother’s.
Peter and I work in the same office.
eg.
Would you like to live in the country?
We usually go to the mountains at Christmas.
eg.
Anne’s house is the first on the left.
eg.
My room is at the top of the house.
eg.
We are going to the theater tonight.
【the】 VS 【a/an】
【特指】 VS 【泛指】
【單復】 VS 【單數】
eg.
- Look - that’s John walking across the street.
- Can I use the bathroom?
- I need an English-French dictionary - have you got one?
- I know a good restaurant - shall I reserve a table for tonight?
- Where’s the teacher? She’s very late.
- I walked up to her house, rang the bell and opened the door.
- He lives in a small village.
- I’m leaving on the 4:30 bus.
- Which is your coat? The green one.
- Claire’s looking for a new job.
- Why are you looking at the sky?
- I want a long holiday in the sun.
- Who’s the man i your office?
- I’ll meet you at 4:30 at the bus shop outside the police station.
零冠詞
基本用法
eg.
Shoes are made of plastic.
Socks are made of wool.
【A/AN】 VS 【零冠詞】
單數名詞前：a/ an
復數名詞或不可數名詞前：零冠詞
eg.
My name’s Sandra. I’m tall and slim. I’ve got / blue eyes, a small nose, a big mouth and / dark hair. i think I’ve got a nice smile. I wear / glasses.
Sandra’s got a very friendly face with a lovely smile. She’s got / long dark hair and / blue eyes. She’s got / long legs, and she’s very pretty. She’s wearing a blue dress today. She’s got a nice voice.
【A/AN】 VS 【零冠詞】
單數名詞前：a/an
復數名詞或不可數名詞前：零冠詞
【THE】 VS 【零冠詞】
【特指】 VS 【泛指】
eg.
| The people in that house are funny. | People are funny. |
| The music’s too loud, can you turn it down? | I like music |
| Could you pass the sugar? | Sugar is fattening. |
| Why are the dogs barking? | She’s interested in dogs and horses. |
【單數】 VS 【復數】
eg.
- Books are expensive in my country.
- ‘Where shall I put the books?’ ‘On the floor.’
- Japanese is a difficult language for English people.
- Old people often forget things.
- I like talking to the old ladies who live in that house.
- Life is sometimes hard.
高級用法
一、各種名
人名、語言名以及絕大多數地名Name without the
eg.
人名：Prince Charles、 Benjamin、 Aunt Elizabeth
語言名：Japanese、 English、 Spanish
大陸：Africa Asia Europe America
國名：China Cuba
州名：Texas
湖名：Lake Baikal 貝加爾湖
山名：Mount Everest 喜馬拉雅山
城市名：Wuhan
街道名：Wall Street 華爾街
廣場名：Time Square時代廣場
公園名：Hyde Park
ex.
- Queensland is in Australia.
- They speak Spanish in Peru.
- Oxford Street is in the center of London.
- Here’s a postcard from Uncle Eric. He’s been swimming in Lake Superior.
- 少數地名
沙漠：the Sahara Desert
河名：the Thames 泰晤士河
海名：the Mediterranean 地中海
大洋名：the Pacific (Ocean)、the Indian
(Ocean)、 the Atlantic (Ocean) - 復數地名
the United Stated
the Netherlands 荷蘭 - 含Republic/ Kingdom的國名
the United Kingdom
the Czech Republic 捷克共和國 - 全球化的大區
the West 西方
the Middle East 中東
the Far East 遠東
eg.
- Ann’s just come back from the Himalayas.
- My sister works in Netherlands.
- I’d like to learn Japanese.
- My parents are on holiday in the People’s Republic of China.
- Here’s a photo of Benjamin in Trafalgar Square.
- Alan’s living in a small town near the Mediterranean.
- We have friends in Ireland.
- Wales is the smallest country in the Great Britain.
- There are a lot of Spanish-speaking people in the USA.
- I once went on a boat on the Rhine.
- We’re going to drive right across Europe.
- the Taj Mahal 泰姬陵
- the Great Pyramid 金字塔
- the Globe Theater 全球劇院
- the British Museum 大英博物館
- the Eiffel Tower 埃菲爾鐵塔
- the Marriott Hotel 萬豪酒店
- 姓名 + Airport/ Station/ Cathedral/ University/ Palace/ Castle/ School
eg.
Cambridge University
Edinburgh Castle 愛丁堡（蘇格蘭首府）
Milan Central Station 米蘭中央車站
Duomo 多莫大教堂
St.Paul’s Cathedral 圣保羅大教堂 - 名字‘s前用零冠詞
ex.
- the Taj Mahal
- the Old Steak House
- / Birmingham Airport
- the New Theater
- the National Gallery of Modern Art
- / Canterbury Cathedral
- the Central Museum
- the Sheraton Hotel
- / Jenner’s Hotel
- / American English
- the Blue Train Restaurant
- / Florida
- / Lake Michigan
- the Mississippi (River)
- / New York
- / paris
- the Rocky Mountains
- / Egypt
- the Whitehall Theater
- / Asia
- the Dominican Republic
- the Gobi Desert
- the Metropolitan Museum
- / Mount Kenya
- the North Sea
- / Regent Street
- / Trafalgar Square
- the White House
- the Far East
二、Name without The
to/ at/ from school/ university/ college
to/ in/ out of church/ prison/ hospital/ bed
by car/ plane/ bicycle/ train/ bus/ underground/boat
ex.
- I usually stay in bed late at the weekend.
- Jake’s going to university to study business.
- Most of the people in our village go to work on Sunday.
- I was in hospital for a week when I broke my leg.
- If I go to school by car, it takes half an hour.
- Uncle George comes out of prison in June.
- -I’m not going there on foot. -It’s raining.
- ‘Is Kirsten at home?’ ‘No, sorry, she’s out.’
- ‘Are you working in August?’ ‘No, I’m on holiday.’
- We had to learn Latin at school.
三、Name without The
三餐
breakfast/ lunch/ dinner
星期 假期 日月季年
eg.
- Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
- at Christmas/ Easter
- in January February March April May June July August September October November December
ex.
- My holiday is in September this year.
- Linda’s birthday is on August 23rd.
- Shakespeare died in 1616.
- The whole family always comes together at Christmas.
- We went to California last summer.
總結
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