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oracle 12c recover table恢复单表

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2023/12/29 编程问答 29 豆豆

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在 Oracle?12c 之前，如果誤刪一張表，常規(guī)的方法是 Flashback 閃回或 TSPITR。如果需要恢復(fù)的表空間過(guò)大，TSPITR 會(huì)耗時(shí)非常久；而開(kāi)啟 flashback 會(huì)消耗磁盤空間

在 12C 中oracle提供一個(gè)新功能，即RECOVER TABLE 命令；它可以針對(duì)于表及表分區(qū)按時(shí)間點(diǎn)進(jìn)行恢復(fù)。表可以被恢復(fù)至輔助庫(kù)中，并且可以有下面的選擇：

1.使用 REMAP 選項(xiàng)將表恢復(fù)至一個(gè)新表或者分區(qū)中。

2.只生成一個(gè)需要被恢復(fù)表的 expdp 格式的 dump 文件，選擇后期再進(jìn)行恢復(fù)。

恢復(fù)前需要滿足以下條件：

1目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)必須被置于讀寫模式。

2目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)必須被置于歸檔模式。

3如果要恢復(fù)表或者分區(qū)，你必須擁有這些表或者分區(qū)存在后的時(shí)間的備份。

4想要恢復(fù)單個(gè)表分區(qū)， COMPATIBLE 初始化參數(shù)所在的目標(biāo)庫(kù)必須設(shè)置為 11.1.0 或以上。

5請(qǐng)確保輔助庫(kù)的所在目錄有足夠的磁盤空間來(lái)放置system, sysaux, undo及其恢復(fù)這個(gè)表需要的其它表空間。
請(qǐng)注意輔助庫(kù)的所在目錄里的文件會(huì)在表被恢復(fù)后自動(dòng)刪除

可以按下面3種方式恢復(fù)：

1 SCN? 2Time? 3歸檔序列號(hào)

由于 ROOT container SYSTEM 和 UNDO 表空間被恢復(fù)至輔助庫(kù)，所以 RECOVER TABLE 需要在連接到 ROOT CDB 后運(yùn)行。

下面提供一個(gè)按時(shí)間點(diǎn)恢復(fù)的例子：

一、全庫(kù)備份

RMAN> backup database;

二、刪除表

在pdb上新建一張表，并插入數(shù)據(jù)。之后將表drop掉。

三、恢復(fù)單表

注意：連接rman必須以sys用戶連接，而不能以 / 代替，否則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)權(quán)限不足；并且需要連接到ROOT CDB后運(yùn)行：

rman target sys/oracle@ORCL

執(zhí)行下面sql后就會(huì)自動(dòng)恢復(fù)單表了：

（說(shuō)明1：恢復(fù)可插拔數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)pdb1? 下面的用戶：xyz? 下面的表：haha，恢復(fù)成功后新的表名為：test_xyz）

（說(shuō)明2：請(qǐng)確保有一個(gè)在scn 2205985之前拍攝的備份，否則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)rman-06024）

（說(shuō)明3：如果實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)選擇刪除cdb某個(gè)用戶下的表，在下面recover table語(yǔ)句中，需要將用戶名和表名加上引號(hào)；本例中是恢復(fù)pdb中的表，不需要加引號(hào)）

RMAN> recover table xyz.haha of pluggable database pdb1 until scn 2205985? AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/u01/recover'? REMAP TABLE xyz.haha:test_xyz;

Starting recover at 17-MAY-19

using channel ORA_DISK_1

RMAN-05026: warning: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified point-in-time

List of tablespaces expected to have UNDO segments

Tablespace SYSTEM

Tablespace PDB1:SYSTEM

Tablespace UNDOTBS1

Tablespace PDB1:UNDOTBS1

Creating automatic instance, with SID='dDix'

initialization parameters used for automatic instance:

db_name=ORCL

db_unique_name=dDix_pitr_wybpdb1_ORCL

compatible=12.2.0

db_block_size=8192

db_files=200

diagnostic_dest=/u01/app/oracle

_system_trig_enabled=FALSE

sga_target=1408M

processes=200

db_create_file_dest=/u01/recover

log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/recover'

enable_pluggable_database=true

_clone_one_pdb_recovery=true

#No auxiliary parameter file used

starting up automatic instance ORCL

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area??? 1476395008 bytes

Fixed Size???????????????????? 8792920 bytes

Variable Size??????????????? 385877160 bytes

Database Buffers??????????? 1073741824 bytes

Redo Buffers?????????????????? 7983104 bytes

Automatic instance created

contents of Memory Script:

{

# set requested point in time

set until? scn 2205985;

# restore the controlfile

restore clone controlfile;

# mount the controlfile

sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';

# archive current online log

sql 'alter system archive log current';

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 17-MAY-19

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=35 device type=DISK

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-1520108916-20190517-00

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-1520108916-20190517-00 tag=TAG20190517T162610

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

output file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_gfwyny0r_.ctl

Finished restore at 17-MAY-19

sql statement: alter database mount clone database

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:

{

# set requested point in time

set until? scn 2205985;

# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles

set newname for clone datafile? 1 to new;

set newname for clone datafile? 9 to new;

set newname for clone datafile? 4 to new;

set newname for clone datafile? 11 to new;

set newname for clone datafile? 3 to new;

set newname for clone datafile? 10 to new;

set newname for clone tempfile? 1 to new;

set newname for clone tempfile? 3 to new;

# switch all tempfiles

switch clone tempfile all;

# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set

restore clone datafile? 1, 9, 4, 11, 3, 10;

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file

renamed tempfile 3 to /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file

Starting restore at 17-MAY-19

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_%u_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0fu1pic7_1_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0fu1pic7_1_1 tag=TAG20190517T161918

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:04

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00011 to /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00010 to /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_%u_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0hu1pijd_1_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0hu1pijd_1_1 tag=TAG20190517T161918

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55

Finished restore at 17-MAY-19

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_gfwyodkp_.dbf

datafile 9 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_system_gfwys9nb_.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfwyodoo_.dbf

datafile 11 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=13 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfwys9ol_.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=14 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gfwyodob_.dbf

datafile 10 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=15 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gfwys9ln_.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

# set requested point in time

set until? scn 2205985;

# online the datafiles restored or switched

sql clone "alter database datafile? 1 online";

sql clone 'WYBPDB1' "alter database datafile

?9 online";

sql clone "alter database datafile? 4 online";

sql clone 'WYBPDB1' "alter database datafile

?11 online";

sql clone "alter database datafile? 3 online";

sql clone 'WYBPDB1' "alter database datafile

?10 online";

# recover and open database read only

recover clone database tablespace? "SYSTEM", "WYBPDB1":"SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "WYBPDB1":"UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX", "WYBPDB1":"SYSAUX";

sql clone 'alter database open read only';

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

sql statement: alter database datafile? 1 online

sql statement: alter database datafile? 9 online

sql statement: alter database datafile? 4 online

sql statement: alter database datafile? 11 online

sql statement: alter database datafile? 3 online

sql statement: alter database datafile? 10 online

Starting recover at 17-MAY-19

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch/1_17_992328185.dbf

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch/1_17_992328185.dbf thread=1 sequence=17

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished recover at 17-MAY-19

sql statement: alter database open read only

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone 'alter pluggable database? WYBPDB1 open read only';

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter pluggable database? WYBPDB1 open read only

contents of Memory Script:

{

?? sql clone "create spfile from memory";

?? shutdown clone immediate;

?? startup clone nomount;

?? sql clone "alter system set? control_files =

? ''/u01/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_gfwyny0r_.ctl'' comment=

?''RMAN set'' scope=spfile";

?? shutdown clone immediate;

?? startup clone nomount;

# mount database

sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: create spfile from memory

database closed

database dismounted

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area??? 1476395008 bytes

Fixed Size???????????????????? 8792920 bytes

Variable Size??????????????? 385877160 bytes

Database Buffers??????????? 1073741824 bytes

Redo Buffers?????????????????? 7983104 bytes

sql statement: alter system set? control_files =?? ''/u01/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_gfwyny0r_.ctl'' comment= ''RMAN set'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area??? 1476395008 bytes

Fixed Size???????????????????? 8792920 bytes

Variable Size??????????????? 385877160 bytes

Database Buffers??????????? 1073741824 bytes

Redo Buffers?????????????????? 7983104 bytes

sql statement: alter database mount clone database

contents of Memory Script:

{

# set requested point in time

set until? scn 2205985;

# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles

set newname for datafile? 12 to new;

# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set

restore clone datafile? 12;

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 17-MAY-19

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=35 device type=DISK

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00012 to /u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_users_%u_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0hu1pijd_1_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0hu1pijd_1_1 tag=TAG20190517T161918

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished restore at 17-MAY-19

datafile 12 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=17 STAMP=1008523004 file name=/u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_users_gfwyzn6s_.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

# set requested point in time

set until? scn 2205985;

# online the datafiles restored or switched

sql clone 'WYBPDB1' "alter database datafile

?12 online";

# recover and open resetlogs

recover clone database tablespace? "WYBPDB1":"USERS", "SYSTEM", "WYBPDB1":"SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "WYBPDB1":"UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX", "WYBPDB1":"SYSAUX" delete archivelog;

alter clone database open resetlogs;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

sql statement: alter database datafile? 12 online

Starting recover at 17-MAY-19

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch/1_17_992328185.dbf

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch/1_17_992328185.dbf thread=1 sequence=17

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 17-MAY-19

database opened

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone 'alter pluggable database? WYBPDB1 open';

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter pluggable database? WYBPDB1 open

contents of Memory Script:

{

# create directory for datapump import

sql 'WYBPDB1' "create or replace directory

TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''

/u01/recover''";

# create directory for datapump export

sql clone 'WYBPDB1' "create or replace directory

TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''

/u01/recover''";

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/u01/recover''

Performing export of tables...

?? EXPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_dDix_Eoqj":?

?? EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

?? EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

?? EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER

?? EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

?? EXPDP> . . exported "XYZ"."HAHA"??????????????????????????????? 5.078 KB?????? 3 rows

?? EXPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_dDix_Eoqj" successfully loaded/unloaded

?? EXPDP> ******************************************************************************

?? EXPDP> Dump file set for SYS.TSPITR_EXP_dDix_Eoqj is:

?? EXPDP>?? /u01/recover/tspitr_dDix_71707.dmp

?? EXPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_dDix_Eoqj" successfully completed at Fri May 17 17:20:23 2019 elapsed 0 00:00:59

Export completed

contents of Memory Script:

{

# shutdown clone before import

shutdown clone abort

}

executing Memory Script

Oracle instance shut down

Performing import of tables...

?? IMPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_dDix_swoa" successfully loaded/unloaded

?? IMPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_dDix_swoa":?

?? IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

?? IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

?? IMPDP> . . imported "XYZ"."TEST_XYZ"??????????????????????????? 5.078 KB?????? 3 rows

?? IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

?? IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER

?? IMPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_dDix_swoa" successfully completed at Fri May 17 17:23:00 2019 elapsed 0 00:01:37

Import completed

Removing automatic instance

Automatic instance removed

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_temp_gfwywprk_.tmp deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_gfwyvw34_.tmp deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_gfwz16z7_.log deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_gfwz06h3_.log deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_gfwz06h0_.log deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_users_gfwyzn6s_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gfwys9ln_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gfwyodob_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfwys9ol_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfwyodoo_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_system_gfwys9nb_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_gfwyodkp_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_gfwyny0r_.ctl deleted

auxiliary instance file tspitr_dDix_71707.dmp deleted

Finished recover at 17-MAY-19

至此單表恢復(fù)成功。

?========請(qǐng)注意：如果你不想對(duì)這個(gè)表做import，只想做export，那么可以使用notableimport選項(xiàng)

參考下面sql：

run {RECOVER TABLE SMEDS."RECTEST" OF PLUGGABLE DATABASE T12CPDB1

UNTIL SEQUENCE 64 thread 1

AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/u01/abc/rectbl'

datapump destination '/u01/abc/rectb/dpump/'

dump file 'export.dmp'

notableimport; }

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