下面內容來自ELLEX激光器的說明書【1】

Adopt LFR to reduce or eliminate the debilitating visual disturbance caused by symptomatic floaters. Laser Floater Removal (LFR) involves the use of a specially designed nano-pulsed YAG laser to vaporize floaters. Compared to its early clinical use in the 1980s, modern LFR provides more efficient and safer energy profiles — offering reliable and repeatable outcomes with a low rate of complications and a high degree of patient satisfaction【1】

(采用LFR來減少或消除癥狀性漂浮物引起的視覺障礙。激光去除漂浮物（LFR）涉及使用專門設計的納米脈沖YAG激光器蒸發漂浮物。與20世紀80年代的早期臨床應用相比，現代LFR提供了更高效、更安全的能量分布——提供可靠、可重復的結果，并發癥發生率低，患者滿意度高)

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Floaters are caused by dead cell tissues that detach from the retina and choroid and float in the vitreous humor. Ophthalmologists often dismiss minor laser injuries as floaters due to the very difficult task of detecting minor retinal injuries.（眼科醫生經常將輕微的激光損傷視為漂浮物，因為檢測輕微的視網膜損傷非常困難。）【2】

The exposure to a visible laser beam can be detected by a bright color flash of the emitted wavelength and an after-image of its complementary color (e.g., a green 532 nm laser light would produce a green flash followed by a red after-image). When the retina is affected, there may be difficulty in detecting blue or green colors secondary to cone damage and pigmentation of the retina may be detected.（可見激光束的曝光可通過發射波長的明亮彩色閃光及其互補色的后像來檢測（例如，綠色532 nm激光將產生綠色閃光，然后是紅色后像）。當視網膜受到影響時，可能難以檢測繼發于錐體損傷的藍色或綠色，并且可能檢測到視網膜色素沉著）【2】

Exposure to the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser beam (1064 nm) is especially hazardous and may initially go undetected because the beam is invisible and the retina lacks pain sensory nerves. Photoacoustic retinal damage may be associated with an audible “pop” at the time of exposure. Visual disorientation due to retinal damage may not be apparent to the operator until considerable thermal damage has occurred.（暴露于Q開關Nd:YAG激光束（1064 nm）尤其危險，最初可能無法被發現，因為激光束是看不見的，視網膜缺乏疼痛感覺神經。光聲視網膜損傷可能與暴露時聽到的“砰”聲有關。在發生相當大的熱損傷之前，操作員可能看不到視網膜損傷導致的視覺定向障礙）【2】

Photochemical Damage
Light below 400 nm does not focus on the retina. The light can be laser output, ultraviolet (UV) from the pump light, or blue light from a target interaction. The effect is cumulative over a period of days. The ANSI standard is designed to account only for exposure to laser light. If UV light from a pump light or blue light from a target interaction is emitted, additional precautions must be taken.（光化學損傷，400納米以下的光不會聚焦在視網膜上。光可以是激光輸出、泵浦光的紫外線（UV）或目標相互作用的藍光。這種影響會在幾天內累積。ANSI標準的設計僅考慮激光照射。如果泵浦光發出的紫外光或目標相互作用發出的藍光，則必須采取額外的預防措施）【2】

Reference:

【1】https://network.ellex.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Tango-Reflex-brochure-PB0025A-single.pdf

【2】Laser Bio-effects

Use	用途
VITREOUS Posterior Membranectomy (incl. Laser Floater Removal)	玻璃體 后膜 切除術（包括激光去除漂浮物）
CATARACT Capsulotomy	白內障囊切開術
GLAUCOMA Laser Iridotomy	青光眼激光虹膜切除術
GLAUCOMA Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty	青光眼選擇性激光小梁成形術

Reference：

【1】https://network.ellex.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Tango-Reflex-brochure-PB0025A-single.pdf

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