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javascript欄目介紹如何提高代碼可讀性的方法。

每個人都喜歡可讀性高的代碼，因為高可讀性的代碼總是能讓人眼前一亮！
就好比你向周圍的人說：快看，老師！周圍的人可能不屑一顧：老師有什么好看的？但如果你說：快看，蒼老師！那可能很多人會被你這句話所吸引。一字之差，結果截然不同。
代碼可讀性的魅力也是這樣，高可讀性的代碼，讓別人抑郁理解，能夠大量減少后期的維護時間。今天總結了10條常用的提高代碼可讀性的小方法，望大家不吝賜教。

1.語義化命名

在聲明變量時，盡量讓自己的變量名稱具有清晰的語義化，使他人一眼便能夠看出這個變量的含義，在這種情況下，可以減少注釋的使用。

示例：

// bad  別人看到會疑惑：這個list是什么的集合？const list = ['Teacher.Cang', 'Teacher.Bo', 'Teacher.XiaoZe']  

// good 別人看到秒懂：原來是老師們的集合！const teacherList = ['Teacher.Cang', 'Teacher.Bo', 'Teacher.XiaoZe']復制代碼

2.各種類型命名

對于不同類型的變量值，我們可以通過一定的方式，讓別人一看看上去就知道他的值類型。
一般來說，對于boolean類型或者Array類型的值，是最好區分的。例如：boolean類型的值可以用isXXX、hasXXX、canXXX等命名；Array類型的值可以用xxxList、xxxArray等方式命名。

// badlet belongToTeacher = true;let teachers = ['Teacher.Cang', 'Teacher.Bo', 'Teacher.XiaoZe'];// goodlet isTeacher = true;let teacherList = ['Teacher.Cang', 'Teacher.Bo', 'Teacher.XiaoZe'];復制代碼

3.為常量聲明

我們在閱讀代碼時，如果你突然在代碼中看到一個字符串常量或者數字常量，你可能要花一定的時間去理解它的含義。如果使用const或者enum等聲明一下這些常量，可讀性將會有效得到提升。

示例：

// bad  別人看到會很疑惑：這個36D的含義是什么if (size === '36D') {  console.log('It is my favorite');
}// good 別人看到秒懂：36D是最喜歡的大小const FAVORITE_SIZE = '36D';if (size === FAVORITE_SIZE) {  console.log('It is my favorite');
}復制代碼

4.避免上下文依賴

在遍歷時，很多人會通過value、item甚至v等命名代表遍歷的變量，但是當上下文過長時，這樣的命名可讀性就會變得很差。我們要盡量做到使讀者即使不了解事情的來龍去脈的情況下，也能迅速理解這個變量代表的含義，而不是迫使讀者去記住邏輯的上下文。

const teacherList = ['Teacher.Cang', 'Teacher.Bo', 'Teacher.XiaoZe']// bad  別人看到循環的末尾處的item時需要在去上面看上下文理解item的含義teacherList.forEach(item => {  // do something
  // do something
  // do …………
  doSomethingWith(item);
})// good 別人看到最后一眼就能明白變量的意思是老師teacherList.forEach(teacher => {  // do something
  // do something
  // do …………
  doSomethingWith(teacher);
})復制代碼

5.避免冗余命名

某些情況的變量命名，例如給對象的屬性命名，直接命名該屬性的含義即可，因為本身這個屬性在對象中，無需再添加多余的前綴。

// badconst teacher = {  teacherName: 'Teacher.Cang',  teacherAge: 37,  teacherSex: 'female',
};console.log(person.personName)// goodconst teacher = {  name: 'Teacher.Cang',  age: 37,  sex: 'female',
};console.log(teacher.name)復制代碼

6.使用參數默認值

相比短路，使用ES6的參數默認值能讓人更輕易地理解未傳參數時參數的賦默認值。

// bad  需要多看一步才能理解是賦默認值function getTeacherInfo(teacherName) {
  teacherName = teacherName || 'Teacher.Cang';  // do...}// good 一看就能看出是賦默認值function getTeacherInfo(teacherName = 'Teacher.Cang') {  // do...}復制代碼

7.回調函數命名

很多人命名回調函數，尤其是為頁面或者DOM元素等設置事件監聽的回調函數時，習慣用事件的觸發條件進行命名，這樣做其實可讀性是比較差的，別人看到只知道你出發了這個函數，但卻需要花時間去理解這個函數做了什么。
我們在命名回調函數式，應當以函數所要執行的邏輯命名，讓別人清晰地理解這個回調函數所要執行的邏輯。

// bad  需要花時間去看代碼理解這個回調函數是做什么的<input type="button" value="提交" onClick="handleClick" />function handleClick() {  // do...}// good 一眼就能理解這個回調函數是提交表單<input type="button" value="提交" onClick="handleSubmitForm" />;function handleSubmitForm() {  // do...}復制代碼

8.減少函數的參數個數

一個函數如果參數的數量太多，使用的時候就難以記住每個參數的含義了，并且函數多個參數有順序限制，我們在調用時需要去記住每個次序的參數的含義。通常情況下我們一個函數的參數個數在1-2個為佳，盡量不要超過三個。
當函數的參數比較多時，我們可以將同一類的參數使用對象進行合并，然后將合并后的對象作為參數傳入，這樣在調用該函數時能夠很清楚地理解每個參數的含義。

// bad  調用時傳的參數難以理解含義，需要記住順序function createTeacher(name, sex, age, height, weight) {  // do...}
createTeacher('Teacher.Cang', 'female', 37, 155, 45);// good 調用時雖然寫法略復雜了點，但各個參數含義一目了然，無需刻意記住順序function createTeacher({name, sex, age, height, weight}) {  // do...}
createTeacher({  name: 'Teacher.Cang',  sex: 'female',  age: 37,  height: 155,  weight: 45})復制代碼

9.函數拆分

一個函數如果代碼太長，那么可讀性也是比較差的，我們應該盡量保持一個函數只處理一個功能，當邏輯復雜時將函數適當拆分。

// badfunction initData() {  let resTeacherList = axios.get('/teacher/list');
  teacherList = resTeacherList.data;  const params = {    pageSize: 20,    pageNum: 1,
  };  let resMovieList = axios.get('/movie/list', params);
  movieList = resMovieList.data;
}// goodfunction getTeacherList() {  let resTeacherList = axios.get('/teacher/list');
  teacherList = resTeacherList.data;
}function getMovieList() {  const params = {    pageSize: 20,    pageNum: 1,
  };  let resMovieList = axios.get('/movie/list', params);
  movieList = resMovieList.data;
}function initData() {
  getTeacherList();
  getMovieList();
}復制代碼

10.注重寫注釋

不寫注釋應該是很多開發者的一個惡習，看別人不寫注釋的代碼也是很多開發者最討厭的事情。
所以，無論是為了自己還是別人，都請注重編寫注釋。

// bad  不寫注釋要花大量時間理解這個函數的作用function formatNumber(num) {  if (num < 1000) {    return num;
  } else {    return `${(num / 1000).toFixed(1)}k`
  }
}// good 有了注釋函數的作用和用法一目了然/**
 * @param num
 * @return num | x.xk
 * @example formatNumber(1000);
 * @description
 * 小于1k不轉換
 * 大于1k轉換為x.xk
 */function formatNumber(num) {  if (num < 1000) {    return num;
  } else {    return `${(num / 1000).toFixed(1)}k`
  }
}復制代碼

提高代碼可讀性的代碼風格其實還有很多，以上筆者主要從變量命名、函數和注釋三個方面，總結了10條比較常用的提高代碼可讀性的方法，希望對大家有所幫助。如有補充，歡迎評論。

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