PXC是Percona XtraDB Cluster的縮寫，是一種具有高可用性和高擴展性的MySQL開源集群。它集成了Percona Server和Percona XtraBackup，同時采用了Codership Galera庫。

優(yōu)點：
1.準同步復制
2.多個可同時讀寫節(jié)點，可實現(xiàn)寫擴展，較分片方案更進一步
3.自動節(jié)點管理
4.數(shù)據(jù)嚴格一致
5.服務高可用

缺點：
1.只支持innodb引擎
2.所有表都要有主鍵
3.所有的寫操作都將發(fā)生在所有節(jié)點上，存在寫擴大問題
4.加入新節(jié)點，開銷大。需要復制完整的數(shù)據(jù)。

部署準備工作

主機名	IP
pxc-linux-28	192.168.253.28
pxc-linux-29	192.168.253.29
pxc-linux-30	192.168.253.30
haproxy-linux-31	192.168.253.31

三個PXC節(jié)點分別配置防火墻

[root@pxc-linux-28?~]#?firewall-cmd?--add-port=3306/tcp?--permanent [root@pxc-linux-28?~]#?firewall-cmd?--add-port=4567/tcp?--permanent [root@pxc-linux-28?~]#?firewall-cmd?--add-port=4568/tcp?--permanent [root@pxc-linux-28?~]#?firewall-cmd?--add-port=4444/tcp?--permanent [root@pxc-linux-28?~]#?firewall-cmd?--reload

安裝相關yum源

rpm?-Uvh?https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/latest/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm

安裝pxc

yum?install?Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57?-y

分別在三個節(jié)點創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)存儲目錄

mkdir?-p?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/data chown?-R?mysql:mysql?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/data mkdir?-p?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run chown?-R?mysql:mysql?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run mkdir?-p?/data/logs/mysql chown?-R?mysql:mysql?/data/logs/mysql

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，其他兩臺節(jié)點需要修改server_id和wsrep_node_address

pxc-linux-28:

#cat?/etc/my.cnf [client] port?=?3306 socket?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run/mysql.sock default-character-set?=?utf8mb4 [mysqld] user?=??mysql innodb_buffer_pool_size?=?1024M character_set_server?=?utf8mb4 datadir?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/data port?=?3306 server_id?=?28 socket?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run/mysql.sock pid-file?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run/mysql.pid log-error?=?/data/logs/mysql/error.log log_warnings?=?2 slow_query_log_file?=?/data/logs/mysql/slow.log long_query_time?=?2 log_timestamps=SYSTEM lower_case_table_names?=?1 key_buffer_size?=?1344M event_scheduler=ON sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.253.28,192.168.253.29,192.168.253.30 binlog_format=ROW pxc_strict_mode=PERMISSIVE max_connect_errors=1000 max_allowed_packet?=?1024M default_storage_engine=InnoDB #Innodb innodb_flush_method?=?O_DIRECT innodb_log_files_in_group?=?5 innodb_lock_wait_timeout?=?50 innodb_log_file_size?=?1024M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit?=?1 innodb_file_per_table?=?1 innodb_thread_concurrency?=?8 innodb_buffer_pool_size?=?5G innodb_read_io_threads?=?24 innodb_write_io_threads?=?24 log_bin_trust_function_creators=1 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1 #?CACHES?AND?LIMITS?# tmp_table_size?=?32M max_heap_table_size?=?32M max_connections?=?1000 thread_cache_size?=?50 open_files_limit?=?65535 table_definition_cache?=?4096 table_open_cache?=?5000 #wsrep wsrep_retry_autocommit=1 wsrep_auto_increment_control=1 wsrep_node_name?=?pxc-linux-28 wsrep_node_address=192.168.253.28 wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2 wsrep_cluster_name=test-pxc wsrep_sst_auth="sync_rep:abc123"

pxc-linux-29:

[client] port?=?3306 socket?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run/mysql.sock default-character-set?=?utf8mb4 [mysqld] user?=??mysql innodb_buffer_pool_size?=?1024M character_set_server?=?utf8mb4 datadir?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/data port?=?3306 server_id?=?29 socket?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run/mysql.sock pid-file?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run/mysql.pid log-error?=?/data/logs/mysql/error.log log_warnings?=?2 slow_query_log_file?=?/data/logs/mysql/slow.log long_query_time?=?2 log_timestamps=SYSTEM log_bin_trust_function_creators=1 lower_case_table_names=1 key_buffer_size?=?1344M event_scheduler=ON sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.253.28,192.168.253.29,192.168.253.30 binlog_format=ROW pxc_strict_mode=PERMISSIVE max_connect_errors=1000 max_allowed_packet?=?1024M default_storage_engine=InnoDB #Innodb innodb_flush_method?=?O_DIRECT innodb_log_files_in_group?=?5 innodb_lock_wait_timeout?=?50 innodb_log_file_size?=?1024M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit?=?1 innodb_file_per_table?=?1 innodb_thread_concurrency?=?8 innodb_buffer_pool_size?=?5G innodb_read_io_threads?=?24 innodb_write_io_threads?=?24 log_bin_trust_function_creators=1 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1 #?CACHES?AND?LIMITS?# tmp_table_size?=?32M max_heap_table_size?=?32M max_connections?=?1000 thread_cache_size?=?50 open_files_limit?=?65535 table_definition_cache?=?4096 table_open_cache?=?5000 #wsrep wsrep_retry_autocommit=1 wsrep_auto_increment_control=1 wsrep_node_name?=pxc-linux-29 wsrep_node_address=192.168.253.29 wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2 wsrep_cluster_name=test-pxc wsrep_sst_auth="sync_rep:abc123"

pxc-linux-30:

[client] port?=?3306 socket?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run/mysql.sock default-character-set?=?utf8mb4 [mysqld] user?=??mysql innodb_buffer_pool_size?=?1024M character_set_server?=?utf8mb4 datadir?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/data port?=?3306 server_id?=?30 socket?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run/mysql.sock pid-file?=?/data/local/percona-xtradb-cluster/run/mysql.pid log-error?=?/data/logs/mysql/error.log log_warnings?=?2 slow_query_log_file?=?/data/logs/mysql/slow.log long_query_time?=?2 log_timestamps=SYSTEM lower_case_table_names?=?1 key_buffer_size?=?1344M event_scheduler=ON sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.253.28,192.168.253.29,192.168.253.30 binlog_format=ROW pxc_strict_mode=PERMISSIVE max_connect_errors=1000 max_allowed_packet?=?1024M default_storage_engine=InnoDB #Innodb innodb_flush_method?=?O_DIRECT innodb_log_files_in_group?=?5 innodb_lock_wait_timeout?=?50 innodb_log_file_size?=?1024M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit?=?1 innodb_file_per_table?=?1 innodb_thread_concurrency?=?8 innodb_buffer_pool_size?=?5G innodb_read_io_threads?=?24 innodb_write_io_threads?=?24 log_bin_trust_function_creators=1 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1 #?CACHES?AND?LIMITS?# tmp_table_size?=?32M max_heap_table_size?=?32M max_connections?=?1000 thread_cache_size?=?50 open_files_limit?=?65535 table_definition_cache?=?4096 table_open_cache?=?5000 #wsrep wsrep_retry_autocommit=1 wsrep_auto_increment_control=1 wsrep_node_name?=?pxc-linux-30 wsrep_node_address=192.168.253.30 wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2 wsrep_cluster_name=test-pxc wsrep_sst_auth="sync_rep:abc123"

pxc-linux-28啟動

systemctl?start?mysql@bootstrape

備注：謹記，只要是啟動集群的第一個Node（首次搭建集群或者集群全部關閉），都要用此命令

pxc-linux-29和pxc-linux-30啟動

systemctl?start?mysql

備注：謹記，只要集群有一個Node啟動，其余節(jié)點都是用此命令

修改密碼
mysql5.7版本日志均在error.log 里面生成

grep?"temporary?password"??/data/logs/mysql/error.log

使用改密碼登陸MySQL，修改成自己想要的密碼

mysql>?alter?user?'root'@'localhost'?idnetified?by?'123456';

在pxc-linux-28MySQL中創(chuàng)建SST同步用戶

mysql>?GRANT?PROCESS,RELOAD,LOCK?TABLES,REPLICATION?CLIENT?ON?*.*?TO?'sync_rep'@'192.168.%.%'?IDENTIFIED?BY?'abc123'; mysql>?flush?privileges;

State Snapshot Transfer 是可以讓one node (donor) 通過數(shù)據(jù)拷貝升級至joining node (joiner)。
一個新節(jié)點加入至集群中，需要同步數(shù)據(jù)，那么SST可以傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，讓新節(jié)點成為集群的一部分。
SST的三個有效方法：mysqldump, rsync andxtrabackup。不過多解釋，目前最好用的是xtrabackup

查看集群狀態(tài)

集群驗證

[root@pxc-linux-28?~]#?mysql?-uroot?-p mysql>?show?variables?like?'version'; +---------------+--------------+ |?Variable_name?|?Value?| +---------------+--------------+ |?version?|?5.7.19-17-57?| +---------------+--------------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql>?create?database?pxcdb; mysql>?use?pxcdb; mysql>?create?table?t1(id?tinyint,ename?varchar(20)); mysql>?insert?into?t1?values(1,'Leshami'); 在29上進行驗證 [root@pxc-linux-29?~]#?mysql?-uroot?-p mysql>?show?databases; +--------------------+ |?Database???????| +--------------------+ |?information_schema?| |?mysql?| |?performance_schema?| |?pxcdb?| |?sys?| +--------------------+ 5?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql>?show?variables?like?'server_id'; +---------------+-------+ |?Variable_name?|?Value?| +---------------+-------+ |?server_id????|?29?| +---------------+-------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.01?sec) mysql>?select?*?from?pxcdb.t1; +------+---------+ |?id?|?ename?| +------+---------+ |?1?|?Leshami?| +------+---------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec) --查看集群狀態(tài) mysql>?show?status?like?'%wsrep_clust%'; +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+ |?Variable_name?|?Value?| +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+ |?wsrep_cluster_conf_id?|?13?|?? |?wsrep_cluster_size?|?3?|????????? |?wsrep_cluster_state_uuid?|?aeb87793-ebb2-11e7-b33e-eeaf4988bbe4?| |?wsrep_cluster_status?|?Primary?|??? +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+ 4?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql>?show?status?like?'wsrep_connected'; +-----------------+-------+ |?Variable_name?|?Value?| +-----------------+-------+ |?wsrep_connected?|?ON?| +-----------------+-------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)

openssl版本過低導致的錯誤

2017-12-28T09:23:19.605353Z?0?[ERROR]?WSREP:?wsrep_load():?dlopen():?/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so:? symbol?SSL_COMP_free_compression_methods,?version?libssl.so.10?not?defined?in?file?libssl.so.10?with?link?time?reference 2017-12-28T09:23:19.605379Z?0?[ERROR]?WSREP:?Failed?to?load?wsrep_provider?(/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so).Error:?Invalid?argument?(code:?22).?Reverting?to?no?provider. 2017-12-28T09:23:19.605386Z?0?[Note]?WSREP:?Setting?wsrep_ready?to?false [root@pxc-linux-29?~]#?rpm?-qa|grep?openssl openssl-1.0.1e-42.el7.9.x86_64 openssl-libs-1.0.1e-42.el7.9.x86_64 [root@pxc-linux-29?~]#?yum?update?openssl?-y

需要升級openssl，建議全部升級后再啟動集群，這問題在CentOS 7.4.1708不存在即openssl版本較新

Haproxy負載均衡

Haproxy是一個反向代理負載均衡解決方案，支持4層和7層模式，提供后端服務器健康檢查，非常穩(wěn)定。淘寶前期也使用Haproxy作為CDN系統(tǒng)負載均衡器。

安裝haproxy

yum?-y?install?haproxy

簡單配置文件：

cat?/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg? #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #?Example?configuration?for?a?possible?web?application.??See?the #?full?configuration?options?online. # #???http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt # #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #?Global?settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global#?to?have?these?messages?end?up?in?/var/log/haproxy.log?you?will#?need?to:##?1)?configure?syslog?to?accept?network?log?events.??This?is?done#????by?adding?the?'-r'?option?to?the?SYSLOGD_OPTIONS?in#????/etc/sysconfig/syslog##?2)?configure?local2?events?to?go?to?the?/var/log/haproxy.log#???file.?A?line?like?the?following?can?be?added?to#???/etc/sysconfig/syslog##????local2.*???????????????????????/var/log/haproxy.log#log?????????127.0.0.1?local2chroot??????/var/lib/haproxypidfile?????/var/run/haproxy.pidmaxconn?????4000user????????haproxygroup???????haproxydaemon#?turn?on?stats?unix?socketstats?socket?/var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #?common?defaults?that?all?the?'listen'?and?'backend'?sections?will #?use?if?not?designated?in?their?block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaultsmode????????????????????httplog?????????????????????globaloption??????????????????httplogoption??????????????????dontlognulloption?http-server-closeoption?forwardfor???????except?127.0.0.0/8option??????????????????redispatchretries?????????????????3timeout?http-request????10stimeout?queue???????????1mtimeout?connect?????????10stimeout?client??????????1mtimeout?server??????????1mtimeout?http-keep-alive?10stimeout?check???????????10smaxconn?????????????????3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #?main?frontend?which?proxys?to?the?backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend?pxc-frontbind?*:3306mode?tcpdefault_backend?pxc-back frontend?statas-frontbind?*:8088mode?httpdefault_backend?stats-back #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #?static?backend?for?serving?up?images,?stylesheets?and?such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend?pxc-backmode?tcpbalance?leastconnoption?httpchkserver?pxc-linux-28?192.168.253.28:3306??check?port?9200?inter?12000?rise?3?fall?3server?pxc-linux-29?192.168.253.29:3306??check?port?9200?inter?12000?rise?3?fall?3server?pxc-linux-30?192.168.253.30:3306??check?port?9200?inter?12000?rise?3?fall?3 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #?round?robin?balancing?between?the?various?backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend?stats-backmode?httpbalance?roundrobinstats?uri?/haproxy/statsstats?auth?pxcstats:xxwzopop

在cluster的MySQL上創(chuàng)建用戶
(一個節(jié)點創(chuàng)建，會被復制到其它節(jié)點)
監(jiān)控用帳號：

?grant?usage?on?*.*?to?'pxc-monitor'@'%'?identified?by?'testpxc';

服務測試帳號：

??grant?all?privileges?on?*.*?to?'zxw'@'%'?identified?by?'xxwzopop';

更改用戶名和密碼（三個節(jié)點都得修改）

#vim?/usr/bin/clustercheck MYSQL_USERNAME="pxc-monitor" MYSQL_PASSWORD="testpxc"

測試

[root@pxc-linux-28?~]#?clustercheck????????????? HTTP/1.1?200?OK Content-Type:?text/plain Connection:?close Content-Length:?40 Percona?XtraDB?Cluster?Node?is?synced.

更改/etc/services添加mysqlchk的端口號：

mysqlchk??9200/tcp??#mysqlchk

配置xinetd
vi /etc/xinetd.d/mysqlchk
該文件保持默認即可

測試

#for?i?in?`seq?1?1000`;do?mysql?-h?192.168.253.31?-P3306?-upxc?-pabc123?-e?"select?@@hostname;";done mysql:?[Warning]?Using?a?password?on?the?command?line?interface?can?be?insecure. +--------------+ |?@@hostname???| +--------------+ |?pxc-linux-30?| +--------------+ mysql:?[Warning]?Using?a?password?on?the?command?line?interface?can?be?insecure. +--------------+ |?@@hostname???| +--------------+ |?pxc-linux-28?| +--------------+ mysql:?[Warning]?Using?a?password?on?the?command?line?interface?can?be?insecure. +--------------+ |?@@hostname???| +--------------+ |?pxc-linux-29?| +--------------+

可以看到負載了

查看haproxy狀態(tài)

http://192.168.253.31:8088/haproxy/stats

帳號密碼是：pxcstats:xxwzopop

/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 指定的。

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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://blog.51cto.com/11243465/2104885

總結

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