Linux udev 动态管理Oracle ASM磁盘-实验
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1 概述
在Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6以前，Oracle都是采用ASMLib包來管理ASM磁盤。但是2011年5月甲骨文發表了一份聲明，聲明中稱Oracle將不再提供Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6的ASMLib包和相關更新。
甲骨文在這份聲明中表示，ASMLib更新將通過Unbreakable Linux Network（ULN）來發布，并僅對Oracle Linux客戶開放。ULN雖然為甲骨文和紅帽的客戶服務，但如果客戶想要使用ASMLib，就必須使用Oracle的kernel來替換掉紅帽的kernel。
本實驗部署Oracle+ASM，不再采用ASMLib，而是采用udev動態管理ASM磁盤。
注意：Linux 內核 2.6以上才支持udev。
虛擬機：VMware Workstation 9
操作系統：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.6
系統內核：2.6.18-238.el5
數據庫：Oracle Database 11.2.0.1
2 實驗步驟
之前已經基于udev的方式創建過ASM磁盤，而且已經安裝好Oracle Grid 、Oracle Database，并創建好了數據庫，接下來將添加4塊1G磁盤，分別擴展現有ASM磁盤組DG_DATA，新建ASM磁盤組DG_NEW_DATA。
查看新添加的磁盤，分別為/dev/sdb、/dev/sdg、/dev/sdh、/dev/sdi。
[root@ora32 dev]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 65 522081 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 66 457 3148740 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 458 2871 19390455 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn\'t contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdd: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sde: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sde1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdf: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdf1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdg: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdg doesn\'t contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdh: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdh doesn\'t contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdi: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdi doesn\'t contain a valid partition table
分別對4塊磁盤進行分區，每塊磁盤分1個區即可。
[root@ora32 dev]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 65 522081 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 66 457 3148740 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 458 2871 19390455 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdd: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sde: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sde1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdf: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdf1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdg: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdg1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdh: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdh2 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdi: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdi1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
現在需要通過udev來管理這幾個磁盤設備文件，通過規則文件將磁盤映射為固定名稱，并賦予所屬用戶，用戶組，操作權限等。
查看udev規則文件
[root@ora32 dev]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d
[root@ora32 rules.d]# ll
total 248
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 515 Nov 25 2010 05-udev-early.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 948 Dec 8 2010 40-multipath.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16153 Nov 25 2010 50-udev.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 163 Dec 11 2010 51-dlm.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 471 Nov 25 2010 51-hotplug.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 138 May 10 17:28 55-usm.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 58016 Oct 13 2006 60-libsane.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 143 Oct 13 2010 60-net.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1088 Jul 18 2006 60-pcmcia.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 316 Sep 22 2010 60-raw.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9175 Nov 13 2010 60-wacom.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 129 Nov 30 2010 61-uinput-stddev.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 214 Nov 30 2010 61-uinput-wacom.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1823 Sep 19 2008 85-pcscd_ccid.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 114 Aug 29 2008 90-alsa.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61 Nov 25 2010 90-dm.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Nov 4 2010 90-hal.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 107 Nov 25 2010 95-pam-console.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 292 Nov 30 2010 98-kexec.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 669 May 13 13:51 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Sep 16 2012 99-oracle.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 334 Sep 15 2012 99-vmware-scsi-udev.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2319 Jul 9 2008 bluetooth.rules
udev規則文件“99-oracle-asmdevices.rules”之前已經創建好，看一下當前的映射規則和ASM磁盤情況。
[root@ora32 rules.d]# cat 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c29c9a269653c7cd04ea2edb0c71, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_1, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c29861258ebc95eded634a1f36fd, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_2, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c296fd09d9ed213df1999820ca89, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_3, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c2934ae12fd4af0dd366d85b42f5, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_4, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
規則解釋，以第一條為例。
系統啟動時，udev根據系統總線scsi（BUS==scsi）和內核設備文件名sd?1（KERNEL==sd?1），過濾出需要動態映射的設備，然后再利用/sbin/scsi_id（PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id）命令輸出的SCSI磁盤id，輸出結果中匹配上36000c29c9a269653c7cd04ea2edb0c71的SCSI磁盤，則會應用后續的命名、授權等操作（NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_1, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660），SCSI磁盤ID可以通過/sbin/scsi_id命令獲取。
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdc/sdc1
36000c29c9a269653c7cd04ea2edb0c71
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdd/sdd1
36000c29861258ebc95eded634a1f36fd
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sde/sde1
36000c296fd09d9ed213df1999820ca89
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdf/sdf1
36000c2934ae12fd4af0dd366d85b42f5
從上述結果可以看出，udev已經做了如下映射關系。
/block/sdc/sdc1 => ASM_DISK_2G_1
/block/sdd/sdd1 => ASM_DISK_2G_2
/block/sde/sde1 => ASM_DISK_2G_3
/block/sdf/sdf1 => ASM_DISK_2G_4
[grid@ora32 dev]$ ll ASM*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 33 May 13 14:57 ASM_DISK_2G_1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 49 May 13 14:57 ASM_DISK_2G_2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 65 May 13 14:54 ASM_DISK_2G_3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 81 May 13 14:57 ASM_DISK_2G_4
通過Oracle視圖看一下當前磁盤組、磁盤的使用情況。
[grid@ora32 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon May 13 14:54:01 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> col name for a10
SQL> SELECT group_number,name,type,state,total_mb,free_mb,offline_disks FROM V$ASM_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME TYPE STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB OFFLINE_DISKS
------------ ---------- ------ ----------- ---------- ---------- -------------
1 DG_DATA EXTERN MOUNTED 8188 6448 0
SQL> col group# for 99
SQL> col disk# for 99
SQL> col name for a5
SQL> col path for a11
SQL> col LABEL for a7
SQL> col FAILGROUP for a10
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER group#,DISK_NUMBER disk#,LABEL,STATE,FAILGROUP,name,path,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB from v$asm_disk;
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
1 2 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1612
02 TA_00 SK_2G_3
02
1 3 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1611
03 TA_00 SK_2G_4
03
1 1 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1613
01 TA_00 SK_2G_2
01
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
1 0 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1612
00 TA_00 SK_2G_1
00
現將新增的4塊硬盤通過udev映射為需要的設備文件，然后將其中2塊增加到ASM磁盤組DG_DATA中，另外2塊則新建一個ASM磁盤組DG_NEW_DATA。
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdb/sdb1
36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdg/sdg1
36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdh/sdh2
36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /blokc/sdi/sdi1
新增設備映射規則
[root@ora32 rules.d]# vi 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c29c9a269653c7cd04ea2edb0c71, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_1, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c29861258ebc95eded634a1f36fd, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_2, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c296fd09d9ed213df1999820ca89, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_3, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c2934ae12fd4af0dd366d85b42f5, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_4, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600, NAME=ASM_DISK_1G_1, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb, NAME=ASM_DISK_1G_2, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca, NAME=ASM_DISK_1G_3, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d, NAME=ASM_DISK_1G_4, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
如果是第一次配置udev映射關系，需要如下操作。
1、 在目錄/etc/udev/rules.d/中新建99-oracle-asmdevices.rules文件。
2、配置SCSI 設備為可信任設備，配置/etc/scsi_id.config文件，添加options=-g配置項。
[root@ora32 rules.d]# cat /etc/scsi_id.config
#
# scsi_id configuration
#
# lower or upper case has no affect on the left side. Quotes () are
# required for spaces in values. Model is the same as the SCSI
# INQUIRY product identification field. Per the SCSI INQUIRY, the vendor
# is limited to 8 bytes, model to 16 bytes.
#
# The first matching line found is used. Short matches match longer ones,
# if you do not want such a match space fill the extra bytes. If no model
# is specified, only the vendor string need match.
#
# ptions=<any scsi_id command line options>
# vendor=string[,model=string],options=<per-device scsi_id options>
# some libata drives require vpd page 0x80
vendor=ATA,options=-p 0x80
options=-g
測試udev能否正確映射
[root@ora32 ~]# testudev /block/sdg/sdg1
-bash: testudev: command not found
[root@ora32 ~]# udevtest /block/sdb/sdb1
main: looking at device \'/block/sdb/sdb1\' from subsystem \'block\'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink \'disk/by-id/scsi-36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600-part1\'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink \'disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1\'
run_program: \'/lib/udev/vol_id --export /dev/.tmp-8-17\'
run_program: \'/lib/udev/vol_id\' returned with status 4
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
udev_rules_get_name: rule applied, \'sdb1\' becomes \'ASM_DISK_1G_1\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
udev_device_event: device \'/block/sdb/sdb1\' already in database, validate currently present symlinks
udev_node_add: creating device node \'/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1\', major = \'8\', minor = \'17\', mode = \'0660\', uid = \'503\', gid = \'504\'
udev_node_add: creating symlink \'/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600-part1\' to \'../../ASM_DISK_1G_1\'
udev_node_add: creating symlink \'/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1\' to \'../../ASM_DISK_1G_1\'
main: run: \'socket:/org/kernel/udev/monitor\'
main: run: \'/lib/udev/udev_run_devd\'
main: run: \'socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event\'
main: run: \'/sbin/pam_console_apply /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600-part1 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1\'
main: run: \'/bin/sh -c \'echo 180 >/sys/block/sdb/sdb1/timeout\'\'
[root@ora32 ~]# udevtest /block/sdg/sdg1
main: looking at device \'/block/sdg/sdg1\' from subsystem \'block\'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink \'disk/by-id/scsi-36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb-part1\'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink \'disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:6:0-part1\'
run_program: \'/lib/udev/vol_id --export /dev/.tmp-8-97\'
run_program: \'/lib/udev/vol_id\' returned with status 4
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
udev_rules_get_name: rule applied, \'sdg1\' becomes \'ASM_DISK_1G_2\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
udev_device_event: device \'/block/sdg/sdg1\' already in database, validate currently present symlinks
udev_node_add: creating device node \'/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_2\', major = \'8\', minor = \'97\', mode = \'0660\', uid = \'503\', gid = \'504\'
udev_node_add: creating symlink \'/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb-part1\' to \'../../ASM_DISK_1G_2\'
udev_node_add: creating symlink \'/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:6:0-part1\' to \'../../ASM_DISK_1G_2\'
main: run: \'socket:/org/kernel/udev/monitor\'
main: run: \'/lib/udev/udev_run_devd\'
main: run: \'socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event\'
main: run: \'/sbin/pam_console_apply /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_2 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb-part1 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:6:0-part1\'
main: run: \'/bin/sh -c \'echo 180 >/sys/block/sdg/sdg1/timeout\'\'
[root@ora32 ~]# udevtest /block/sdh/sdh2
main: looking at device \'/block/sdh/sdh2\' from subsystem \'block\'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink \'disk/by-id/scsi-36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca-part1\'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink \'disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:8:0-part1\'
run_program: \'/lib/udev/vol_id --export /dev/.tmp-8-113\'
run_program: \'/lib/udev/vol_id\' returned with status 4
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
udev_rules_get_name: rule applied, \'sdh2\' becomes \'ASM_DISK_1G_3\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
udev_device_event: device \'/block/sdh/sdh2\' already in database, validate currently present symlinks
udev_node_add: creating device node \'/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_3\', major = \'8\', minor = \'113\', mode = \'0660\', uid = \'503\', gid = \'504\'
udev_node_add: creating symlink \'/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca-part1\' to \'../../ASM_DISK_1G_3\'
udev_node_add: creating symlink \'/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:8:0-part1\' to \'../../ASM_DISK_1G_3\'
main: run: \'socket:/org/kernel/udev/monitor\'
main: run: \'/lib/udev/udev_run_devd\'
main: run: \'socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event\'
main: run: \'/sbin/pam_console_apply /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_3 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca-part1 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:8:0-part1\'
main: run: \'/bin/sh -c \'echo 180 >/sys/block/sdh/sdh2/timeout\'\'
[root@ora32 ~]# udevtest /block/sdi/sdi1
main: looking at device \'/block/sdi/sdi1\' from subsystem \'block\'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink \'disk/by-id/scsi-36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d-part1\'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink \'disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:9:0-part1\'
run_program: \'/lib/udev/vol_id --export /dev/.tmp-8-129\'
run_program: \'/lib/udev/vol_id\' returned with status 4
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' (stdout) \'36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d\'
run_program: \'/sbin/scsi_id\' returned with status 0
udev_rules_get_name: rule applied, \'sdi1\' becomes \'ASM_DISK_1G_4\'
udev_device_event: device \'/block/sdi/sdi1\' already in database, validate currently present symlinks
udev_node_add: creating device node \'/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_4\', major = \'8\', minor = \'129\', mode = \'0660\', uid = \'503\', gid = \'504\'
udev_node_add: creating symlink \'/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d-part1\' to \'../../ASM_DISK_1G_4\'
udev_node_add: creating symlink \'/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:9:0-part1\' to \'../../ASM_DISK_1G_4\'
main: run: \'socket:/org/kernel/udev/monitor\'
main: run: \'/lib/udev/udev_run_devd\'
main: run: \'socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event\'
main: run: \'/sbin/pam_console_apply /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_4 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d-part1 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:9:0-part1\'
main: run: \'/bin/sh -c \'echo 180 >/sys/block/sdi/sdi1/timeout\'\'
重新啟動udev服務
[root@ora32 ~]# /sbin/udevcontrol reload_rules
[root@ora32 ~]# /sbin/start_udev
Starting udev: [ OK ]
查看一下新映射的磁盤
[root@ora32 ~]# ll /dev/ASM*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 17 May 13 15:40 /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 97 May 13 15:40 /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 113 May 13 15:40 /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 129 May 13 15:40 /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 33 May 13 15:43 /dev/ASM_DISK_2G_1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 49 May 13 15:43 /dev/ASM_DISK_2G_2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 65 May 13 15:42 /dev/ASM_DISK_2G_3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 81 May 13 15:43 /dev/ASM_DISK_2G_4
通過Oracle視圖查看一下ASM磁盤情況
[grid@ora32 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon May 13 15:42:05 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
SQL>
SQL> col group# for 99
SQL> col disk# for 99
SQL> col name for a5
SQL> col path for a11
SQL> col LABEL for a7
SQL> col FAILGROUP for a10
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER group#,DISK_NUMBER disk#,LABEL,STATE,FAILGROUP,name,path,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB from v$asm_disk;
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
0 0 NORMAL /dev/ASM_DI 0 0
SK_1G_3
0 1 NORMAL /dev/ASM_DI 0 0
SK_1G_2
0 2 NORMAL /dev/ASM_DI 0 0
SK_1G_1
0 3 NORMAL /dev/ASM_DI 0 0
SK_1G_4
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
1 2 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1612
02 TA_00 SK_2G_3
02
1 3 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1611
03 TA_00 SK_2G_4
03
1 1 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1613
01 TA_00 SK_2G_2
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
01
1 0 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1612
00 TA_00 SK_2G_1
00
8 rows selected.
此時發現新添加的4塊硬盤，已經可以通過視圖進行查詢，但是FAILGROUP、NAME等屬性為空，因為磁盤還沒有加到ASM磁盤組。ASM是怎么認到新增加的磁盤？其實它是根據參數文件中的屬性asm_diskstring自動掃描到的，這個參數是在安裝GRID同時配置ASM時設置的。
SQL> show parameter ASM
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
asm_diskgroups string
asm_diskstring string /dev/ASM*
asm_power_limit integer 1
asm_preferred_read_failure_groups string
將磁盤ASM_DISK_1G_1、ASM_DISK_1G_2添加到磁盤組DG_DATA中。
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DG_DATA ADD disk \'/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1\';
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DG_DATA ADD disk \'/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_2\';
Diskgroup altered.
新建磁盤組DG_NEW_DATA，將ASM_DISK_1G_3、ASM_DISK_1G_4添加到磁盤組中。
SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP DG_NEW_DATA external REDUNDANCY DISK \'/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_3\',\'/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_4\';
Diskgroup created.
通過Oracle 視圖查看一下新增ASM磁盤組、ASM磁盤的情況
SQL> col name for a10
SQL> SELECT group_number,name,type,state,total_mb,free_mb,offline_disks FROM V$ASM_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME TYPE STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB OFFLINE_DISKS
------------ ---------- ------ ----------- ---------- ---------- -------------
1 DG_DATA EXTERN MOUNTED 10226 8482 0
2 DG_NEW_DAT EXTERN MOUNTED 2038 1986 0
A
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER group#,DISK_NUMBER disk#,LABEL,STATE,FAILGROUP,name,path,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB from v$asm_disk;
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB
---------- ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ----------
FREE_MB
----------
1 2 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047
02 TA_00 SK_2G_3
02
1697
1 3 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047
03 TA_00 SK_2G_4
03
1697
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB
---------- ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ----------
FREE_MB
----------
1 1 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047
01 TA_00 SK_2G_2
01
1699
1 0 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047
00 TA_00 SK_2G_1
00
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB
---------- ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ----------
FREE_MB
----------
1697
2 0 NORMAL DG_NEW_DAT DG_NE /dev/ASM_DI 1019
A_0000 W_DAT SK_1G_3
A_000
0
994
1 5 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 1019
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB
---------- ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ----------
FREE_MB
----------
05 TA_00 SK_1G_2
05
846
1 4 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 1019
04 TA_00 SK_1G_1
04
846
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB
---------- ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ----------
FREE_MB
----------
2 1 NORMAL DG_NEW_DAT DG_NE /dev/ASM_DI 1019
A_0001 W_DAT SK_1G_4
A_000
1
992
8 rows selected.
根據實驗要求4塊硬盤添加完畢，接下來將硬盤ASM_DISK_1G_1、ASM_DISK_1G_2從ASM磁盤組DG_DATA中刪除，然后將udev映射規則刪除。
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DG_DATA DROP DISK DG_DATA_0004;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DG_DATA DROP DISK DG_DATA_0005;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> col group# for 99
SQL> col disk# for 99
SQL> col name for a5
SQL> col path for a11
SQL> col LABEL for a7
SQL> col FAILGROUP for a10
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER group#,DISK_NUMBER disk#,LABEL,STATE,FAILGROUP,name,path,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB from v$asm_disk;
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
0 0 NORMAL /dev/ASM_DI 0 0
SK_1G_2
0 1 NORMAL /dev/ASM_DI 0 0
SK_1G_1
1 2 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1612
02 TA_00 SK_2G_3
02
1 3 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1611
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
03 TA_00 SK_2G_4
03
1 1 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1614
01 TA_00 SK_2G_2
01
1 0 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1611
00 TA_00 SK_2G_1
00
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
2 0 NORMAL DG_NEW_DAT DG_NE /dev/ASM_DI 1019 994
A_0000 W_DAT SK_1G_3
A_000
0
2 1 NORMAL DG_NEW_DAT DG_NE /dev/ASM_DI 1019 992
A_0001 W_DAT SK_1G_4
A_000
1
8 rows selected.
[root@ora32 ~]# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c29c9a269653c7cd04ea2edb0c71, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_1, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c29861258ebc95eded634a1f36fd, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_2, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c296fd09d9ed213df1999820ca89, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_3, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c2934ae12fd4af0dd366d85b42f5, NAME=ASM_DISK_2G_4, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
#KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
#RESULT==36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600, NAME=ASM_DISK_1G_1, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
#KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
#RESULT==36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb, NAME=ASM_DISK_1G_2, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca, NAME=ASM_DISK_1G_3, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
KERNEL==sd?1, BUS==scsi, PROGRAM==/sbin/scsi_id,
RESULT==36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d, NAME=ASM_DISK_1G_4, WNER=grid, GROUP=asmadmin, MODE=0660
重新啟動udev
[root@ora32 dev]# /sbin/udevcontrol reload_rules
[root@ora32 dev]# /sbin/start_udev
Starting udev: [ OK ]
查看一下dev下的設備，發現仍然存在/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1，/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_2
[root@ora32 dev]# ll /dev/ASM*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 17 May 13 16:15 /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 97 May 13 16:15 /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 113 May 13 16:38 /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 129 May 13 16:37 /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 33 May 13 16:38 /dev/ASM_DISK_2G_1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 49 May 13 16:38 /dev/ASM_DISK_2G_2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 65 May 13 16:38 /dev/ASM_DISK_2G_3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 81 May 13 16:37 /dev/ASM_DISK_2G_4
不知道是何原因。將數據庫實例和ASM實例都停掉后，重新啟動udev服務后發現dev下仍然存在/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1，/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_2，通過udevinfo查詢發現已經在udev不存在記錄。
[root@ora32 dev]# udevinfo -q path -n /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1
no record for \'ASM_DISK_1G_1\' in database
[root@ora32 dev]# udevinfo -q path -n /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_2
no record for \'ASM_DISK_1G_2\' in database
[root@ora32 dev]#
[root@ora32 dev]# udevinfo -q path -n /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_3
/block/sdh/sdh2
在網上查閱了資料，并未找到解決/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1，/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_2為什么仍然存在的原因，繼續跟蹤這個問題。
總結
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