基本HTTP POST發送方式

• 表單提交協議規定：
  要先將 HTTP 要求的 Content-Type 設為 multipart/form-data，而且要設定一個 boundary 參數，
  這個參數是由應用程序自行產生，它會用來識別每一份資料的邊界 (boundary)，
  用以產生多重信息部份 (message part)。
  而 HTTP 服務器可以抓取 HTTP POST 的信息，
  基本內容：
  1. 每個信息部份都要用 --[BOUNDARY_NAME] 來包裝，以分隔出信息的每個部份，而最后要再加上一個 --[BOUNDARY_NAME] 來表示結束。
  2. 每個信息部份都要有一個 Content-Disposition: form-data; name=""，而 name 設定的就是 HTTP POST 的鍵值 (key)。
  3. 聲明區和值區中間要隔兩個新行符號（\r\n）。
  4. 中間可以夾入二進制資料，但二進制資料必須要格式化為二進制字符串。
  5. 若要設定不同信息段的資料型別 (Content-Type)，則要在信息段內的聲明區設定。

• 因此兩個form內容模板為
  boundary = "----" + DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");//程序生成
  1.文本內容
  "\r\n--" + boundary +
  "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"鍵\"; filename=\"文件名\"" +
  "\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream" +
  "\r\n\r\n";
  2.文件內容
  "\r\n--" + boundary +
  "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"鍵\"" +
  "\r\n\r\n內容";

• Python方法

def upload_file(file_path, wx_upload_url):file_name = file_path.split("/")[-1]with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:length = os.path.getsize(file_path)data = f.read()headers = {"Content-Type": "application/octet-stream"}params = {"filename": file_name,"filelength": length,}file_data = copy(params)file_data['file'] = (file_path.split('/')[-1:][0], data)encode_data = encode_multipart_formdata(file_data)file_data = encode_data[0]headers['Content-Type'] = encode_data[1]print(headers)r = requests.post(wx_upload_url, data=file_data, headers=headers)print(r.text)media_id = r.json()['media_id']return media_id# media_id 通過上一步上傳的方法獲得 def qi_ye_wei_xin_file(wx_url, media_id):headers = {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}data = {"msgtype": "file","file": {"media_id": media_id}}r = requests.post(url=wx_url,headers=headers, json=data)

• C#實現方式

• class FormItemModel{/// <summary>/// 表單鍵，request["key"]/// </summary>public string Key { set; get; }/// <summary>/// 表單值,上傳文件時忽略，request["key"].value/// </summary>public string Value { set; get; }/// <summary>/// 是否是文件/// </summary>public bool IsFile{get{if (FileContent == null || FileContent.Length == 0)return false;if (FileContent != null && FileContent.Length > 0 && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(FileName))throw new Exception("上傳文件時 FileName 屬性值不能為空");return true;}}/// <summary>/// 上傳的文件名/// </summary>public string FileName { set; get; }/// <summary>/// 上傳的文件內容/// </summary>public byte[] FileContent { set; get; }}public static string PostForm(string url, List<FormItemModel> formItems, CookieContainer cookieContainer = null, string refererUrl = null, Encoding encoding = null, int timeOut = 20000){HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);#region 初始化請求對象request.Method = "POST";request.Timeout = timeOut;request.Accept = "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8";request.KeepAlive = true;request.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/31.0.1650.57 Safari/537.36";if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(refererUrl))request.Referer = refererUrl;if (cookieContainer != null)request.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;#endregionstring boundary = "----" + DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");//分隔符request.ContentType = string.Format("multipart/form-data; boundary={0}", boundary);//請求流var postStream = new MemoryStream();#region 處理Form表單請求內容//是否用Form上傳文件var formUploadFile = formItems != null && formItems.Count > 0;if (formUploadFile){//文件數據模板string fileFormdataTemplate ="\r\n--" + boundary +"\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"" +"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream" +"\r\n\r\n";//文本數據模板string dataFormdataTemplate ="\r\n--" + boundary +"\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"" +"\r\n\r\n{1}";foreach (var item in formItems){string formdata = null;if (item.IsFile){//上傳文件formdata = string.Format(fileFormdataTemplate,item.Key, //表單鍵item.FileName);}else{//上傳鍵值對formdata = string.Format(dataFormdataTemplate,item.Key,item.Value);}//統一處理byte[] formdataBytes = null;//第一行不需要換行if (postStream.Length == 0)formdataBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(formdata.Substring(2, formdata.Length - 2));elseformdataBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(formdata);postStream.Write(formdataBytes, 0, formdataBytes.Length);//寫入文件內容if (item.FileContent != null && item.FileContent.Length > 0){postStream.Write(item.FileContent, 0, item.FileContent.Length);}}//結尾var footer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n");postStream.Write(footer, 0, footer.Length);}else{request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";}#endregionrequest.ContentLength = postStream.Length;#region 輸入二進制流if (postStream != null){postStream.Position = 0;//直接寫入流Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream();byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int bytesRead = 0;while ((bytesRead = postStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0){requestStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);}postStream.Close();//關閉文件訪問}#endregionHttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();if (cookieContainer != null){response.Cookies = cookieContainer.GetCookies(response.ResponseUri);}using (Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream()){using (StreamReader myStreamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, encoding ?? Encoding.UTF8)){string retString = myStreamReader.ReadToEnd();return retString;}}}public static string Send_file(string Url, string media_id){HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(Url);req.Method = "POST";req.ContentType = "application/octet-stream";//設置對應的ContentTypestring postdata = "{\"msgtype\": \"file\",\"file\": {\"media_id\":\""+ media_id+"\"}}";byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postdata);//把字符串轉換為字節Stream writer = req.GetRequestStream();//獲取writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);writer.Flush();HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();//獲取服務器返回的結果Stream getStream = response.GetResponseStream();StreamReader streamreader = new StreamReader(getStream);String result = streamreader.ReadToEnd();return result;}

• 上傳文檔成功截圖

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