在虛擬機多網卡的環境中，有時IP會隨著網卡的重新啟動變得不一致，這時，就需要將IP地址和MAC進行綁定，有時也需要對網卡名稱進行修改，本篇將對此進行演示。
一 軟件環境

• VMware? Workstation 10.0.6
• CentOS-6.5-x86_64

二 修改MAC名稱 1、查看網卡信息 [root@strong ~]# ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:7F:F9:AA inet addr:10.24.32.112 Bcast:10.24.33.255 Mask:255.255.254.0inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:f9aa/64 Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1RX packets:4097746 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:2003168 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4086085351 (3.8 GiB) TX bytes:336689861 (321.0 MiB)eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:7F:F9:B4 inet addr:192.168.226.128 Bcast:192.168.226.255 Mask:255.255.255.0inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:f9b4/64 Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:17 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:806 (806.0 b) TX bytes:1978 (1.9 KiB)lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:HostUP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1RX packets:1176037 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:1176037 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:493455702 (470.5 MiB) TX bytes:493455702 (470.5 MiB)[root@strong ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=10.24.32.112 PREFIX=23 GATEWAY=10.24.33.254 DNS1=10.24.2.33 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME=eth0 UUID=6bbe4c97-0f50-4c78-9be3-3242bbab17df ONBOOT=yes LAST_CONNECT=1523246127 [root@strong ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.226.128 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.226.1 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME=eth2 UUID=18f03116-45c9-4456-a107-260702fa518d ONBOOT=yes LAST_CONNECT=1523246140 [root@strong ~]# 注：以上顯示發現網卡名稱和實際的配置不一樣。 2、查看網卡名稱對應的規則配置 [root@strong ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules # PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:cc:d9:44", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:7f:f9:aa", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:7f:f9:b4", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth2" [root@strong ~]# 注：通過上面的顯示得知，MAC為00:0C:29:7F:F9:AA 對應的IP相對的網卡名稱應為eth0，而mac為00:0c:29:cc:d9:44的這條記錄沒有對應的網卡（該記錄是虛擬機復制產生的）。 3、修改網卡名稱 [root@strong ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules # PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:7f:f9:aa", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:7f:f9:b4", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth2" [root@strong ~]# 4、重啟，規則生效 [root@strong ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:7F:F9:AA inet addr:10.24.32.112 Bcast:10.24.33.255 Mask:255.255.254.0inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:f9aa/64 Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1RX packets:15032 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:338 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1265597 (1.2 MiB) TX bytes:17899 (17.4 KiB)eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:7F:F9:B4 inet addr:192.168.226.128 Bcast:192.168.226.255 Mask:255.255.255.0inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:f9b4/64 Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:HostUP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1RX packets:1865 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:1865 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:118122 (115.3 KiB) TX bytes:118122 (115.3 KiB)
三 IP和MAC綁定 1、修改網卡信息 [root@strong ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=10.24.32.112 HWADDR=00:0C:29:7F:F9:AA --增加MAC PREFIX=23 GATEWAY=10.24.33.254 DNS1=10.24.2.33 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME=eth0 UUID=6bbe4c97-0f50-4c78-9be3-3242bbab17df ONBOOT=yes LAST_CONNECT=1523246127 2、重啟網卡 [root@strong ~]# service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: Device state: 3 (disconnected)[ OK ] Shutting down interface eth2: Device state: 3 (disconnected)[ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: Active connection state: activated Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6[ OK ] Bringing up interface eth2: Active connection state: activated Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7[ OK ] [root@strong ~]# 綜上，實現了網卡名稱的修改和IP和MAC地址的綁定。

總結

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