''' ''' ''' About pynng (python nanomsg next generation 可用的協(xié)議有以下幾個(gè)： Pair0 Pair1 Req0 / Rep0 Pub0 / Sub0 Push0 / Pull0 Surveyor0 / Respondent0 Bus0 與另外的一個(gè)socket的交流: dial() --send() listen() --recv() #同樣也可以異步 支持的庫是：syncio and Trio. asend() arecv() #最終執(zhí)行完的時(shí)候：close() ''' ''' 實(shí)際在開始執(zhí)行l(wèi)isten() dial() 的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該初始化socket，通過傳入一系列的關(guān)鍵詞參數(shù) recv_timeout(int):超過固定的時(shí)間，報(bào)出;pynng.exceptions.Timeout send_timeout(int): recv_max_size(int):最大massage的接收情況，默認(rèn)大小是1MB,如果是0的情況，就是表示不限制接收包的大小 recv_buffer_size(int):socket能夠接收的message的數(shù)量 send_buffer_size(int):socket放在buffer中的message的數(shù)量 name(str):socket 的name raw(bool): 決定這個(gè)socket是否是raw ，當(dāng)前只支持cooked，目前不支持raw A boolean, indicating whether the socket is raw or cooked. Returns True if the socket is raw, else False. This property is read-only. Corresponds to library option NNG_OPT_RAW. For more information see nng’s documentation. Note that currently, pynng does not support raw mode sockets, but we intend to in the future: protocol (int): Read-only option which returns the 16-bit number of the socket’s protocol. protocol_name (str): Read-only option which returns the name of the socket’s protocol. peer (int): Returns the peer protocol id for the socket. local_address: The SockAddr representing the local address. reconnect_time_min(min):以ms為單位，等待最短的時(shí)間去嘗試重新連接 reconnect_time_max(int）:在執(zhí)行連接之前等待的最大的時(shí)間的長短he maximum time to wait before attempting reconnects, in ms. Corresponds to NNG_OPT_RECONNMAXT. If this is non-zero, then the time between successive connection attempts will start at the value of reconnect_time_min, and grow exponentially, until it reaches this value. This option can be set on the socket, or on the dialers associated with the socket. recv_fd(int): 接收文件描述，這個(gè)可以被傳入到 select.poll() or select.select() ，否則沒有別的用處 send_fd(int):發(fā)送的文件描述 # # When used in select.poll() or select.select(), recv_fd and send_fd are # both marked as readable when they can receive or send data without blocking. # So the upshot is that for select.select() # they should be passed in as the rlist and for select.poll.register() # the eventmask should be POLLIN. ''' ''' 幾個(gè)函數(shù)的簡介：異步函數(shù) await arecv() await arecv_msg() await asend(data) dial(address, *, block=None)：block:True:阻塞dial 是可以被嘗試1：If True, a blocking dial is attempted. If it fails for any reason, the dial fails and an exception is raised.2：If False, a non-blocking dial is started. The dial is retried periodically in the background until it is successful.3：(Default behavior): If None, a blocking dial is first attempted. If it fails an exception is logged (using the Python logging module), then a non-blocking dial is done. listen(address,flags=0):listen at specified address new_context(): 返回一個(gè)新的context給 socket recv(block=True):在socket上面接收數(shù)據(jù)，這實(shí)際上是一個(gè)同步的函數(shù)，block默認(rèn)情況下是True，這個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)指導(dǎo)接收到數(shù)據(jù)，否則一直處在阻塞狀態(tài)。如果block=False 的情況下， 他會(huì)立即返回當(dāng)前的結(jié)果。如果沒有數(shù)據(jù)就返回pynng.TryAgain recv_msg(block=True):Receive a Message on the socket. send(data):Sends data (either bytes or bytearray) on socket.''' ''' 可支持的協(xié)議： 1、class pynng.Pair0(**kwargs):::::::::有同步的，有異步的,API,這種情況適用于雙向一對一通訊得情況 2、class pynng.Pair1(*, polyamorous=None, **kwargs):::::::::::這是socket，用于有很多partners得雙向交流得情況 3、：問答：class pynng.Req0(*, resend_time=None, **kwargs)class pynng.Rep0(**kwargs) 4、Pub and Subclass pynng.Pub0(**kwargs)class pynng.Sub0(**kwargs)pub:不能使用recv 否則會(huì)提示 pynng.NotSupported exceptionsub:接收同樣的socket的參數(shù)，但是還有一個(gè)額外的參數(shù)就是topics，這個(gè)topics 是str bytes類型，這個(gè)實(shí)際上是一個(gè)對應(yīng)，用來看pub發(fā)送的是不是匹配到我當(dāng)前想要的東西如果這個(gè)參數(shù)設(shè)定為b''空，這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們就能接收所有的數(shù)據(jù)了# pub/sub is a “best effort” transport;# if you have a very high volume of messages be prepared for some messages to be silently dropped.5、Push and Pullclass pynng.Push0(**kwargs)class pynng.Pull0(**kwargs)Push: Push0套接字是數(shù)據(jù)管道的推入端，數(shù)據(jù)被推送到唯一的一個(gè)pull端，這個(gè)對于將工作分配給很多節(jié)點(diǎn)很好這也就說明了在push端執(zhí)行recv()是會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)的Pull:A Pull0 is the receiving end of a data pipeline. It needs to be paired with a Push0 socket. Attempting to send() with a Pull0 socket will raise a pynng.NotSupported exception. 6、 Surveyor0 / Respondent0 class pynng.Surveyor0(**kwargs)class pynng.Respondent0(**kwargs)Surveyor0： 發(fā)布一個(gè)調(diào)查，給這些所有的respodents 一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)能夠發(fā)言Respondent0： 接收到一個(gè)消息之后可以發(fā)言了，但是你是不能夠提前發(fā)言的7、Bus0class pynng.Bus0(**kwargs)Bus0：發(fā)送一個(gè)msg 給所有直接相聯(lián)的peers，這個(gè)也就允許我們設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)網(wǎng)格網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這個(gè)msg也就僅僅發(fā)送給直接相聯(lián)的peersYou must explicitly connect all nodes with the listen() and corresponding listen() calls.'''''' 一些基本的概念： 1、pipe: There is no public constructor for a Pipe; they are automatically added to the underlying socket whenever the pipe is created.class pynng.Pipe(...)await asend(data)Asynchronously send bytes from this Pipe.send(data):Synchronously send bytes from this Pipe. This method automatically creates a Message,associates with this pipe, and sends it with this pipe’s associated Socket. 2、Contextclass pynng.Context(.....)說明：這個(gè)是上下文環(huán)境nng_context ，可以通過Socket.new_context() 去創(chuàng)建一個(gè)上下文這個(gè)context實(shí)際上支隊(duì)Req0 和 Rep0 才有用，其他的協(xié)議是不支持的說明2：如果我們有了上下文環(huán)境，我們可以直接使用send() recv() or async equivalent 說明3：這個(gè)上下文環(huán)境，跟蹤一個(gè)協(xié)議的狀態(tài)，這個(gè)上下文環(huán)境允許相同的socket用于多種不同的操作---多線程，多協(xié)程說明4：上下文環(huán)境允許多路復(fù)用同一個(gè)socket ， 它刪除了需要使用原始套接字的最大用例之一。說明5：上下文環(huán)境不能直接實(shí)例化，我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)socket 然后 調(diào)用new_context()await arecv()Asynchronously receive data using this context.await arecv_msg()Asynchronously receive a Message on the context.await asend(data)Asynchronously send data using this context.close()Close this context.recv()Synchronously receive data on this context.recv_msg()Synchronously receive a Message using this context.send(data)Synchronously send data on the context. 3、Messageclass pynng.Message(data)說明：使用消息接口可以更好地控制發(fā)送消息的各個(gè)方面。特別是，您可以判斷消息來自on receive的哪個(gè)管道，并且可以指示消息將從on send發(fā)送到哪個(gè)管道說明1：通常情況，不需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建Message，只需要通過Socket.recv_msg() 這個(gè)時(shí)候就實(shí)例化了一個(gè)message這個(gè)我們也就可以通過Pipe.send()來發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)了說明2：由于我們使用message的情況下，就是為了更加方便使用一個(gè)特定pipe所以我們需要能夠更加方便： pipe.send() or pipe.asend()說明3：Messages in pynng are immutable; this is to prevent data corruption.警告:可以使用_buffer屬性訪問消息的底層數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)。但是，必須注意不要在對緩沖區(qū)的引用仍然存在時(shí)發(fā)送消息;如果在消息發(fā)送后使用緩沖區(qū)，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致分段錯(cuò)誤或數(shù)據(jù)損壞(讀:will)。 4、Dialer class pynng.Dialer(...)說明： A Dialer is associated with a single Socket. The associated socket can be accessed via the socket attribute. There is no public constructor for creating a Dialerclose() 關(guān)閉當(dāng)前dialer 5、Listenerclass pynng.Listener(...)The Python version of nng_listener. A Listener is returned whenever Socket.listen() is called.A list of active listeners can be accessed via Socket.listenersclose()Close the listener. '''

上面是我過python的腳本寫的，下面是實(shí)際的文字：

''' ''' ''' About pynng (python nanomsg next generation 可用的協(xié)議有以下幾個(gè)： Pair0 Pair1 Req0 / Rep0 Pub0 / Sub0 Push0 / Pull0 Surveyor0 / Respondent0 Bus0 與另外的一個(gè)socket的交流: dial() --send() listen() --recv() #同樣也可以異步 支持的庫是：syncio and Trio. asend() arecv() #最終執(zhí)行完的時(shí)候：close() ''' ''' 實(shí)際在開始執(zhí)行l(wèi)isten() dial() 的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該初始化socket，通過傳入一系列的關(guān)鍵詞參數(shù) recv_timeout(int):超過固定的時(shí)間，報(bào)出;pynng.exceptions.Timeout send_timeout(int): recv_max_size(int):最大massage的接收情況，默認(rèn)大小是1MB,如果是0的情況，就是表示不限制接收包的大小 recv_buffer_size(int):socket能夠接收的message的數(shù)量 send_buffer_size(int):socket放在buffer中的message的數(shù)量 name(str):socket 的name raw(bool): 決定這個(gè)socket是否是raw ，當(dāng)前只支持cooked，目前不支持raw A boolean, indicating whether the socket is raw or cooked. Returns True if the socket is raw, else False. This property is read-only. Corresponds to library option NNG_OPT_RAW. For more information see nng’s documentation. Note that currently, pynng does not support raw mode sockets, but we intend to in the future: protocol (int): Read-only option which returns the 16-bit number of the socket’s protocol. protocol_name (str): Read-only option which returns the name of the socket’s protocol. peer (int): Returns the peer protocol id for the socket. local_address: The SockAddr representing the local address. reconnect_time_min(min):以ms為單位，等待最短的時(shí)間去嘗試重新連接 reconnect_time_max(int）:在執(zhí)行連接之前等待的最大的時(shí)間的長短he maximum time to wait before attempting reconnects, in ms. Corresponds to NNG_OPT_RECONNMAXT. If this is non-zero, then the time between successive connection attempts will start at the value of reconnect_time_min, and grow exponentially, until it reaches this value. This option can be set on the socket, or on the dialers associated with the socket. recv_fd(int): 接收文件描述，這個(gè)可以被傳入到 select.poll() or select.select() ，否則沒有別的用處 send_fd(int):發(fā)送的文件描述 # # When used in select.poll() or select.select(), recv_fd and send_fd are # both marked as readable when they can receive or send data without blocking. # So the upshot is that for select.select() # they should be passed in as the rlist and for select.poll.register() # the eventmask should be POLLIN. ''' ''' 幾個(gè)函數(shù)的簡介：異步函數(shù) await arecv() await arecv_msg() await asend(data) dial(address, *, block=None)：block:True:阻塞dial 是可以被嘗試1：If True, a blocking dial is attempted. If it fails for any reason, the dial fails and an exception is raised.2：If False, a non-blocking dial is started. The dial is retried periodically in the background until it is successful.3：(Default behavior): If None, a blocking dial is first attempted. If it fails an exception is logged (using the Python logging module), then a non-blocking dial is done. listen(address,flags=0):listen at specified address new_context(): 返回一個(gè)新的context給 socket recv(block=True):在socket上面接收數(shù)據(jù)，這實(shí)際上是一個(gè)同步的函數(shù)，block默認(rèn)情況下是True，這個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)指導(dǎo)接收到數(shù)據(jù)，否則一直處在阻塞狀態(tài)。如果block=False 的情況下， 他會(huì)立即返回當(dāng)前的結(jié)果。如果沒有數(shù)據(jù)就返回pynng.TryAgain recv_msg(block=True):Receive a Message on the socket. send(data):Sends data (either bytes or bytearray) on socket.''' ''' 可支持的協(xié)議： 1、class pynng.Pair0(**kwargs):::::::::有同步的，有異步的,API,這種情況適用于雙向一對一通訊得情況 2、class pynng.Pair1(*, polyamorous=None, **kwargs):::::::::::這是socket，用于有很多partners得雙向交流得情況 3、：問答：class pynng.Req0(*, resend_time=None, **kwargs)class pynng.Rep0(**kwargs) 4、Pub and Subclass pynng.Pub0(**kwargs)class pynng.Sub0(**kwargs)pub:不能使用recv 否則會(huì)提示 pynng.NotSupported exceptionsub:接收同樣的socket的參數(shù)，但是還有一個(gè)額外的參數(shù)就是topics，這個(gè)topics 是str bytes類型，這個(gè)實(shí)際上是一個(gè)對應(yīng)，用來看pub發(fā)送的是不是匹配到我當(dāng)前想要的東西如果這個(gè)參數(shù)設(shè)定為b''空，這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們就能接收所有的數(shù)據(jù)了# pub/sub is a “best effort” transport;# if you have a very high volume of messages be prepared for some messages to be silently dropped.5、Push and Pullclass pynng.Push0(**kwargs)class pynng.Pull0(**kwargs)Push: Push0套接字是數(shù)據(jù)管道的推入端，數(shù)據(jù)被推送到唯一的一個(gè)pull端，這個(gè)對于將工作分配給很多節(jié)點(diǎn)很好這也就說明了在push端執(zhí)行recv()是會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)的Pull:A Pull0 is the receiving end of a data pipeline. It needs to be paired with a Push0 socket. Attempting to send() with a Pull0 socket will raise a pynng.NotSupported exception. 6、 Surveyor0 / Respondent0 class pynng.Surveyor0(**kwargs)class pynng.Respondent0(**kwargs)Surveyor0： 發(fā)布一個(gè)調(diào)查，給這些所有的respodents 一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)能夠發(fā)言Respondent0： 接收到一個(gè)消息之后可以發(fā)言了，但是你是不能夠提前發(fā)言的7、Bus0class pynng.Bus0(**kwargs)Bus0：發(fā)送一個(gè)msg 給所有直接相聯(lián)的peers，這個(gè)也就允許我們設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)網(wǎng)格網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這個(gè)msg也就僅僅發(fā)送給直接相聯(lián)的peersYou must explicitly connect all nodes with the listen() and corresponding listen() calls.'''''' 一些基本的概念： 1、pipe: There is no public constructor for a Pipe; they are automatically added to the underlying socket whenever the pipe is created.class pynng.Pipe(...)await asend(data)Asynchronously send bytes from this Pipe.send(data):Synchronously send bytes from this Pipe. This method automatically creates a Message,associates with this pipe, and sends it with this pipe’s associated Socket. 2、Contextclass pynng.Context(.....)說明：這個(gè)是上下文環(huán)境nng_context ，可以通過Socket.new_context() 去創(chuàng)建一個(gè)上下文這個(gè)context實(shí)際上支隊(duì)Req0 和 Rep0 才有用，其他的協(xié)議是不支持的說明2：如果我們有了上下文環(huán)境，我們可以直接使用send() recv() or async equivalent 說明3：這個(gè)上下文環(huán)境，跟蹤一個(gè)協(xié)議的狀態(tài)，這個(gè)上下文環(huán)境允許相同的socket用于多種不同的操作---多線程，多協(xié)程說明4：上下文環(huán)境允許多路復(fù)用同一個(gè)socket ， 它刪除了需要使用原始套接字的最大用例之一。說明5：上下文環(huán)境不能直接實(shí)例化，我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)socket 然后 調(diào)用new_context()await arecv()Asynchronously receive data using this context.await arecv_msg()Asynchronously receive a Message on the context.await asend(data)Asynchronously send data using this context.close()Close this context.recv()Synchronously receive data on this context.recv_msg()Synchronously receive a Message using this context.send(data)Synchronously send data on the context. 3、Messageclass pynng.Message(data)說明：使用消息接口可以更好地控制發(fā)送消息的各個(gè)方面。特別是，您可以判斷消息來自on receive的哪個(gè)管道，并且可以指示消息將從on send發(fā)送到哪個(gè)管道說明1：通常情況，不需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建Message，只需要通過Socket.recv_msg() 這個(gè)時(shí)候就實(shí)例化了一個(gè)message這個(gè)我們也就可以通過Pipe.send()來發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)了說明2：由于我們使用message的情況下，就是為了更加方便使用一個(gè)特定pipe所以我們需要能夠更加方便： pipe.send() or pipe.asend()說明3：Messages in pynng are immutable; this is to prevent data corruption.警告:可以使用_buffer屬性訪問消息的底層數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)。但是，必須注意不要在對緩沖區(qū)的引用仍然存在時(shí)發(fā)送消息;如果在消息發(fā)送后使用緩沖區(qū)，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致分段錯(cuò)誤或數(shù)據(jù)損壞(讀:will)。 4、Dialer class pynng.Dialer(...)說明： A Dialer is associated with a single Socket. The associated socket can be accessed via the socket attribute. There is no public constructor for creating a Dialerclose() 關(guān)閉當(dāng)前dialer 5、Listenerclass pynng.Listener(...)The Python version of nng_listener. A Listener is returned whenever Socket.listen() is called.A list of active listeners can be accessed via Socket.listenersclose()Close the listener. '''

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