(1) FNL 數據介紹

FNL(（Final Operational Global Analysis)數據是美國國家環境預報中心（NECP）/美國國家大氣研究中心（NCAR）提供的全球再分析資料，空間精度為1°×1°，通過FNL數據可以了解真實的全球區域氣象狀況。（詳見https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds083.2/）。

fnl數據變量表：

Discipline	Category	Code	Short Name	Description	Units
0	0	0	TMP	Temperature	K
0	0	2	POT	Potential temperature	K
0	0	4	T MAX	Maximum temperature	K
0	0	5	T MIN	Minimum temperature	K
0	0	10	LHTFL	Latent heat flux	W m-2
0	0	11	SHTFL	Sensible heat flux	W m-2
0	1	0	SPF H	Specific humidity	kg kg-1
0	1	1	R H	Relative humidity	%
0	1	3	P WAT	Precipitable water	kg m-2
0	1	7	PRATE	Precipitation rate	kg m-2s-1
0	1	8	A PCP	Total precipitation	kg m-2
0	1	10	ACPCP	Convective precipitation	kg m-2
0	1	13	WEASD	Water equivalent of accumulated snow depth	kg m-2
0	1	22	CLWMR	Cloud water mixing ratio	kg kg-1
0	1	192	CRAIN	Categorical rain (yes=1; no=0)
0	1	193	CFRZR	Categorical freezing rain (yes=1; no=0)
0	1	194	CICEP	Categorical ice pellets (yes=1; no=0)
0	1	195	CSNOW	Categorical snow (yes=1; no=0)
0	1	196	CPRAT	Convective precipitation rate	kg m-2s-1
0	1	200	PEVPR	Potential evaporation rate	W m-2
0	2	2	U GRD	u-component of wind	m s-1
0	2	3	V GRD	v-component of wind	m s-1
0	2	8	V VEL	Vertical velocity (pressure)	Pa s-1
0	2	10	ABS V	Absolute vorticity	s-1
0	2	17	U FLX	Momentum flux, u-component	N m-2
0	2	18	V FLX	Momentum flux, v-component	N m-2
0	2	192	VW SH	Vertical speed shear	s-1
0	3	0	PRES	Pressure	Pa
0	3	1	PRMSL	Pressure reduced to MSL	Pa
0	3	5	HGT	Geopotential height	gpm
0	3	9	GP A	Geopotential height anomaly	gpm
0	3	193	5WAVH	5-wave geopotential height	gpm
0	3	194	U-GWD	Zonal flux of gravity wave stress	N m-2
0	3	195	V-GWD	Meridional flux of gravity wave stress	N m-2
0	3	196	HPBL	Planetary boundary layer height	m
0	3	197	5WAVA	5-wave geopotential height anomaly	gpm
0	4	192	DSWRF	Downward shortwave radiation flux	W m-2
0	4	193	USWRF	Upward shortwave radiation flux	W m-2
0	5	192	DLWRF	Downward longwave radiation flux	W m-2
0	5	193	ULWRF	Upward longwave radiation flux	W m-2
0	6	1	T CDC	Total cloud cover	%
0	6	6	C WAT	Cloud water	kg m-2
0	6	193	CWORK	Cloud workfunction	J kg-1
0	7	6	CAPE	Convective available potential energy	J kg-1
0	7	7	CIN	Convective inhibition	J kg-1
0	7	192	LFT X	Surface lifted index	deg K
0	7	193	4LFTX	Best (4 layer) lifted index	deg K
0	14	0	TOZNE	Total ozone	Dobson
0	14	192	O3MR	Ozone mixing ratio	kg kg-1
0	19	1	ALBDO	Albedo	%
2	0	0	LAND	Land cover
2	0	5	WATR	Water runoff	kg m-2
2	0	192	SOILW	Volumetric soil moisture content
2	0	193	GFLUX	Ground heat flux	W m-2
10	2	0	ICEC	Ice cover	fraction

用python讀取數據，畫某地風矢量圖：主要用pygrib

總結

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