山東大學科技文獻閱讀期末考復習 個人速成向

Unit 20 References

Types

in-text references
end references

Citation styles

APA style
MLA style
IEEE style

Unit 19 Acknowledgements

Feature

Polite
Brief
Specific

Unit 18 Conclusion

Feature

restatement of the research question and thesis statement
summary of the main points in the article
discussion of the significance of the reasearch
presentation of the future of the subject

Types

Thesis-oriented conclusion
A.introductory statement
B.Consolidation of the reaserch space
C.Recommendations

Field-oriented conclusion

Unit 17 Discussion

Feature

from the specific to general
the same point view as that in the Introduction section
There are facts as well as opinions or comments in this section

Moves

Reviewing the present study
Consolidating the results
1.Reporting the results
2. Explaning the meaning of the findings and why they are important
3. Relating the results to those of similar studies
4. Providing alternative explanations for the results

Stating limitations and possible future research directions

Unit 16 Results

Feature

Be objective
Be logical
Be concise
Use non-verbal language
Use mixed tenses

Moves

Providing preparatory information
Describing the data in figures and tables
Reporting the results based on the data

Unit 15 Methods

This section includes

materials

instuments

subjects

procedures

data collection

data analysis

Types

based on purpose:
basic research
applied rasearch

besed on methods:
non-experimental research
experimental research

based on orignality:
primary research
secondary research

Unit 14 Introduction

Moves

Establishing a territory：significance generalizations
Reviewing previous related research
Establishing a niche：indication of a gap,research questions
Occupying a niche:purpose,structure,pricipal purpose

Unit 13 Abstract

Five parts

background

problems

methods

results

conclusion

Types

informative abstracts:summatizes the key information from every major section
indicative abstracts
structured abstracts
graphical abstracts

Unit12 Title and author affiliation

Title is characterized by

using more nouns or noun phrases,or gerunds

being brief and concise

being specific

using more compounds

Types

A.Declarative titles:states the main findings or conclusions
B.Descriptive titles
C.Interrogative titles（疑問的）
D.Compound titles

Author affiliation

帶星號的是通訊作者

Unit 11 Standards

Provide requirements,specifications,guidelines,characteristics
Ensure materials,products,posesses and services are safe,reliable and consistent.

Types

Scope:
International standards
Regional standards
National standards
Professional standards
Institutional standards

Content:
Basic standards
Manufacturing standards
Standards of methods

Unit 10 Government publications

Types

administrative type
conference records,judical documents,treaties,resolutions,rules and regulations.

scientific type
policies of science,research reports,popular science materials,technical policy documents

International government publications

UN publications
OECD publications

American government publications（不好記）

GPO publications
GPO monthly catalog
NTIS publications

Unit 9 Product specifications

Feature

Genuine
Scientific
Logical
Pratical

Types

industrial product specifications
agricultural product specifications
finicial product specifications
insurance product specifications
工農財保

Unit 8 Patents

專利保護-20年
提交專利申請：a request,a description,claims,drawings,summary
最重要:claims

Types

Inventions
Utilities models
Designs

Copyright

通常是作者死后50-100年
如果合著 那么就是最后一個作者死后70年
如果是匿名的 min(第一次發表后95年,第一次創造后120年)

Unit 7 Science news

Types

science news stories
science newsltters
science feature stories
science news commerntaries

世界前十科技新聞 每年一月中旬發布

Unit 6 Techical reports

Types

content

研究發現報告
技術信息報告
技術具體報告
技術評價報告
技術建議報告
操作說明
指導報告

Progress

開始的報告
進行報告
期中報告
最終報告

Scope

絕密
機密
秘密
限制級
不可發表
已解密

4 series of technical reports in America

AD
PB
NASA
DOE

Unit 5 Graduation papers

Types

bachelor’s degree
master’s degree
the graduation of doctorate

Differences between master and doctoral

博士畢業論文要求是全新的，沒研究過的

Differences between a graduation paper and a journal article

目的

長度

摘要

方法

參考文獻

細節

評審

作者數量

Unit 4 Conference documents

Types of conference documents

會議前
會議中
會議后

Types of academic conferences

Conference(formal meeting)
Forum(public meeting involving audience discussion)
Lecture(long talk)
Panel（in front of an audience）
Seminar(give and discuss information on a particular topic)
Symposium（討論會）(several specialists deliever short addresses on a topic or on related topics)
Workshop(brief educational program)

Unit 3 Monographs（專著）

Scholarly monographs

得是phD等的學位或者隸屬某個科學研究機構

書由大學出版社、學術社團或者其他學術機構印刷

書的文獻目錄在最后列出了在研究中所有的文獻

Feature

Academicality
Creativity
Authoritativeness
Comprehensiveness
Systematiceness
Beyond time and space

學術性 創造性 權威性 綜合性 系統性 超越時間和空間

Difference between academic articles and monographs

長度

結構

內容

Unit 2 Journals

Types

original research articles
review articles
perspective,opinion or commerntary articles
book reviews

Journal metrics

IF or JIF

Eigenfactor（特征因子）

AIS

SJR

h-index（關于作者的）

SNIP

CiteScore

Immediacy index（立即索引）

Total Cites

Cited Half-Life（引用半衰期）

JIF

Idetification code

DOI

IDS number

ISSN 8位 ISBN 2017.1.1前10位 后13位

Citaion Index

SCI
EI
ISTP
A&HCI
SSCI
JCR

Unit 1 Inroduction of scientific literature

Regardless of the specific area of science,the subjects of scientific literature include science itself,or the ideas,facts,laws and categories discovered by scientists.

According to the form,scientific literature can be roughly classified into:

journals

monographs（專著）

conference documents

graduation papers

technical reports

science news

patents

product specifications

government publications

standards

According to the processing depth,scientific literature can be classified into:

primary literature

secondary literature

tertiary literature

Primary literature includes the original scientific materials published for the first time such as the papers that present novel scientific research,conference documents,patents,technical reports ,and standards .

Secondary literature summarizes and synthesizes the primary literature,which includes review articles and books.

Tertiary literature might consist of textbooks,encyclopedias（百科全書）,and similar works intended for broad public consumption.

scientific literature presents some liguistic features in terms of style,morphology（形態學） and syntax.

Stylistic features:

A. formality
B. conciseness
C. directness
D. objectively
E.use of non-verbal language

Morphologically,scientific literature is featured by use of technical and scientific jargon（專業術語）,nominalization（名義的） and heding（回避）.

TSJ can be divided into two categories:general TSJ (can be used in different fields with different meangings)and specific TSJ(the words that are usually restricted to the given fields).The former has a much larger number than the latter.

ps.MOOC：山東大學科技文獻期中測試慕課復習

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