慕課網(wǎng)《強(qiáng)力django+殺手級xadmin 打造上線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的在線教育平臺》 學(xué)習(xí)筆記

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本章主要內(nèi)容：

• django app的設(shè)計
• 各個app models的設(shè)計
• 數(shù)據(jù)表生成與修改

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django app的設(shè)計

安裝環(huán)境python27下

• 建立虛擬環(huán)境

mkvirtualenv mxonline pip install django==1.9.8 pip install mysql-python

• 安裝失敗時，可以到http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ 下載適合版本的whl包，然后在pip install packageName.whl來安裝

• 配置settings中的DATABASES

DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME':'mxonline','USER':'mxonline','PASSWORD':'mxonline','HOST':"127.0.0.1"} }

• 遷移數(shù)據(jù)庫

python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate

• 訪問

設(shè)計USER APP的model

• 新建users app，然后設(shè)計user類
• 由于django自帶的user類的字段不能滿足我們的需求，所以需要擴(kuò)展

• 擴(kuò)展django user的方法有幾種：

  • 繼承AbstractUser
  • 新建類profile然后用外鍵指向user

• 這里使用繼承AbstractUser的方法擴(kuò)展

from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUserclass UserProfile(AbstractUser):nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"昵稱", default="")birday = models.DateField(verbose_name=u"生日", null=True, blank=True)gender = models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=(("male",u"男"),("female","女")), default="female")address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default=u"")mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, blank=True)image = models.ImageField(upload_to="image/%Y/%m",default=u"image/default.png", max_length=100)class Meta:verbose_name = "用戶信息"verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __unicode__(self):return self.username

• 注冊在settings中APP，并且需要為AUTH_USER_MODEL賦值

AUTH_USER_MODEL="users.UserProfile"

各個app models的設(shè)計

• 可能出現(xiàn)的問題
  

• 解決該問題的方法主要是：分層設(shè)計

• 把用戶的操作（評論，收藏等）獨立出來，放到另一個單獨的app中

• users中添加另外兩個比較獨立的model：驗證碼和輪播圖
  

• 郵箱驗證碼

class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):code = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"驗證碼")email = models.EmailField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"郵箱")send_type = models.CharField(verbose_name=u"驗證碼類型", choices=(("register",u"注冊"),("forget",u"找回密碼"), ("update_email",u"修改郵箱")), max_length=30)send_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=u"發(fā)送時間", default=datetime.now)class Meta:verbose_name = u"郵箱驗證碼"verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __unicode__(self):return '{0}({1})'.format(self.code, self.email)

• 輪播圖

class Banner(models.Model):title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"標(biāo)題")image = models.ImageField(upload_to="banner/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"輪播圖", max_length=100)url = models.URLField(max_length=200, verbose_name=u"訪問地址")index = models.IntegerField(default=100, verbose_name=u"順序")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")class Meta:verbose_name = u"輪播圖"verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

設(shè)計課程的app

startapp courses

• 觀察界面

• 設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)庫表

• PEP8 編程規(guī)范

  • 中文翻譯：https://my.oschina.net/u/1433482/blog/464444?p=1

  • 官方文檔：https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/

  • 兩個類之間空兩行

• Course類

class Course(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"課程名")desc = models.CharField(max_length=300, verbose_name=u"課程描述")detail = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"課程詳情",width=600, height=300, imagePath="courses/ueditor/",filePath="courses/ueditor/", default='')is_banner = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name=u"是否輪播")degree = models.CharField(verbose_name=u"難度", choices=(("cj","初級"), ("zj","中級"), ("gj","高級")), max_length=2)learn_times = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"學(xué)習(xí)時長(分鐘數(shù))")students = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u'學(xué)習(xí)人數(shù)')fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u'收藏人數(shù)')image = models.ImageField(upload_to="courses/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"封面圖", max_length=100)click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"點擊數(shù)")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")class Meta:verbose_name = u"課程"verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __unicode__(self):return self.name

• Lesson 章節(jié)

class Lesson(models.Model):course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"課程")name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"章節(jié)名")learn_times = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"學(xué)習(xí)時長(分鐘數(shù))")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")class Meta:verbose_name = u"章節(jié)"verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __unicode__(self):return self.name

• Video 視頻

class Video(models.Model):lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson, verbose_name=u"章節(jié)")name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"視頻名")learn_times = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"學(xué)習(xí)時長(分鐘數(shù))")url = models.CharField(max_length=200, default="", verbose_name=u"訪問地址")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")class Meta:verbose_name = u"視頻"verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __unicode__(self):return self.name

• CourseResource 課程資源

class CourseResource(models.Model):course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"課程")name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"名稱")download = models.FileField(upload_to="course/resource/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"資源文件", max_length=100)add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")class Meta:verbose_name = u"課程資源"verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

organization的設(shè)計

python manage.py startapp organization

• 觀察界面

• models設(shè)計

• 城市信息 和 課程機(jī)構(gòu)信息

class CityDict(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"城市")desc = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name=u"描述")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)class Meta:verbose_name = u"城市"verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __unicode__(self):return self.nameclass CourseOrg(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"機(jī)構(gòu)名稱")desc = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"機(jī)構(gòu)描述",width=900, height=300, imagePath="org/ueditor/",filePath="org/ueditor/", default='')tag = models.CharField(default="全國知名", max_length=10, verbose_name=u"機(jī)構(gòu)標(biāo)簽")category = models.CharField(default="pxjg", verbose_name=u"機(jī)構(gòu)類別", max_length=20, choices=(("pxjg","培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)"),("gr","個人"),("gx","高校")))click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"點擊數(shù)")fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"收藏數(shù)")image = models.ImageField(upload_to="org/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"logo", max_length=100)address = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name=u"機(jī)構(gòu)地址")city = models.ForeignKey(CityDict, verbose_name=u"所在城市")students = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"學(xué)習(xí)人數(shù)")course_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"課程數(shù)")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)class Meta:verbose_name = u"課程機(jī)構(gòu)"verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

• 講師

class Teacher(models.Model):org = models.ForeignKey(CourseOrg, verbose_name=u"所屬機(jī)構(gòu)")name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"教師名")work_years = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"工作年限")work_company = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"就職公司")work_position = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"公司職位")points = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"教學(xué)特點")click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"點擊數(shù)")fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"收藏數(shù)")age = models.IntegerField(default=18, verbose_name=u"年齡")image = models.ImageField(default='', upload_to="teacher/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"頭像", max_length=100)add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)class Meta:verbose_name = u"教師"verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __unicode__(self):return self.namedef get_course_nums(self):return self.course_set.all().count()

用戶操作operation的model設(shè)計

• 代碼

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_ from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom datetime import datetimefrom django.db import modelsfrom users.models import UserProfile from courses.models import Courseclass UserAsk(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"姓名")mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name=u"手機(jī)")course_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"課程名")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")class Meta:verbose_name = u"用戶咨詢"verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass CourseComments(models.Model):"課程評論"user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用戶")course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"課程")comments = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name=u"評論")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")class Meta:verbose_name = u"課程評論"verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserFavorite(models.Model):user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用戶")fav_id = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"數(shù)據(jù)id")fav_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,"課程"),(2,"課程機(jī)構(gòu)"),(3,"講師")), default=1, verbose_name=u"收藏類型")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")class Meta:verbose_name = u"用戶收藏"verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserMessage(models.Model):user = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"接收用戶")message = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name=u"消息內(nèi)容")has_read = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name=u"是否已讀")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")class Meta:verbose_name = u"用戶消息"verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserCourse(models.Model):user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用戶")course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"課程")add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")class Meta:verbose_name = u"用戶課程"verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

• 將所有的app都移動到apps目錄下，其他地方和索引不要改變，此時需要在settings下配置apps的路徑

import syssys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))

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