#C語言簡單的垃圾分類查詢系統

目的：（1）通過實踐提高C語言的開發能力。（2）通過充分編程實踐和實際應用，進一步體會數據結構中的常用算法的實質，建立算法優劣的概念以及算法評估分析和比較的方法。（3）培養學生科技論文寫作技能，如文獻查找和引用，論文格式規范等。

課程設計內容：
基于C語言的簡單垃圾分類查詢系統，對垃圾進行分類管理，包括新增、刪除、修改、查詢、瀏覽等功能。
（1）新增：采用交互式方式錄入垃圾信息，保存在文件中，之后可導入；
（2）刪除：從垃圾信息管理文件中刪除一個垃圾對象；
（3）修改：檢索某個垃圾對象，對其某些屬性進行修改；
（4）查找：從垃圾信息管理文件中查詢符合某些條件的垃圾信息；
（5）瀏覽：從垃圾信息管理文件中按垃圾類別排列好，再瀏覽。

#以下是函數關系流程圖和運行截圖：（運行環境：Visual Studio 2019）
1.各函數層次關系圖

2.add

3.delete

4.update

5.select

6.browse

#以下貼上我的代碼：
（在該項目相同目錄下新建一個文本文件：garbage.txt 即可運行）

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h>//垃圾的內部結構 typedef struct _Garbage {char garbageName[20];//垃圾名稱char garbageType[20];//垃圾類型 1.廚余垃圾 2.可回收垃圾 3.有毒有害垃圾 4.不可回收垃圾char garbageDescribe[20];//垃圾描述 }Garbage;//垃圾雙向循環鏈表節點 typedef struct _GarbageNode {Garbage garbage;//數據域放整個垃圾struct _GarbageNode* prior;//指針域指向前一個 垃圾節點struct _GarbageNode* next;//指針域指向下一個 垃圾節點 }GarbageNode;//遍歷鏈表并打印出原始的垃圾表格 void readLink(GarbageNode* g_head, GarbageNode* tail) {GarbageNode* p;p = g_head->next;int i = 1;printf("\n\t垃圾表：\n");printf("\t-----------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|編號 \t|名字\t\t|類型\t\t\t|描述\t\t\n");printf("\t-----------------------------------------------------------------\n");while (p != g_head){printf("\t| %d\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t\n",i,p->garbage.garbageName,p->garbage.garbageType,p->garbage.garbageDescribe);p = p->next;i++;}printf("\t-----------------------------------------------------------------");printf("\n"); }//功能函數一：新增垃圾 尾插法 int add(GarbageNode* g_head, GarbageNode* tail) {int reback;int num;//選擇垃圾類型1-4FILE* fp;char a[20];//1 廚余垃圾char b[20];//2 可回收垃圾char c[20];//3 有毒有害垃圾char d[20];//4 不可回收垃圾char getName[20]; reAdd:printf("\n");printf("\t| 請輸入想插入的垃圾名稱：");scanf("%s",getName);GarbageNode* p;p = g_head->next;while (0 != strcmp(getName, p->garbage.garbageName) && p != g_head)//C 標準庫 - <string.h>{p = p->next;}if (0 == strcmp(getName, p->garbage.garbageName)){printf("\t| 該垃圾已添加過了，請重新輸入");goto reAdd;}GarbageNode* gNewNode = (GarbageNode*)malloc(sizeof(GarbageNode));//生成新節點strcpy(gNewNode->garbage.garbageName, getName);// C 標準庫 - <string.h>printf("\n");printf("\t|-------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|1 廚余垃圾\t\t2 可回收垃圾\t\t|\n\n");printf("\t|3 有毒有害垃圾\t\t4 不可回收垃圾\t\t|\n");printf("\t|-------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t| 請選擇該垃圾類型: ");scanf("%d", &num);switch (num){case 1:strcpy(a, "廚余垃圾");strcpy(gNewNode->garbage.garbageType, a);break;case 2:strcpy(b, "可回收垃圾");strcpy(gNewNode->garbage.garbageType, b);break;case 3:strcpy(c, "有毒有害垃圾");strcpy(gNewNode->garbage.garbageType, c);break;case 4:strcpy(d, "不可回收垃圾");strcpy(gNewNode->garbage.garbageType, d);break;}printf("\n");printf("\t| 請輸入該垃圾描述：");scanf("%s", gNewNode->garbage.garbageDescribe);tail->next = gNewNode;//讓前一個節點和新節點連接gNewNode->prior = tail;// 新節點的前驅指針指向前一個tail = gNewNode;//tail指向新節點，即最后一個節點g_head->prior = tail;tail->next = g_head;fp = fopen("garbage.txt", "at");//C 標準庫 - <stdio.h>if (fp == NULL){printf("找不到文件");exit(0);}fprintf(fp, "%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\n", gNewNode->garbage.garbageName, gNewNode->garbage.garbageType, gNewNode->garbage.garbageDescribe);//按格式追加數據在文檔printf("\n");printf("\t|添加成功，您添加的垃圾是：\n\n");printf("\t|名字： %s\n", gNewNode->garbage.garbageName);printf("\t|類型： %s\n", gNewNode->garbage.garbageType);printf("\t|描述： %s \n",gNewNode->garbage.garbageDescribe);printf("\n");fclose(fp);system("pause");printf("\t|按 1 返回主菜單\n\t|按其他鍵退出系統\n");printf("\t|請選擇： ");scanf("%d", &reback);if (reback == 1){system("cls");return reback;}else{exit(0);} }//功能函數二：根據垃圾名刪除 int delet(GarbageNode* g_head, GarbageNode* tail) {int reback;FILE* fp;readLink(g_head, tail); reDelete:if (g_head->next == g_head && g_head->prior == g_head){printf("\n\t|目前垃圾表為空\n");}else{ printf("\t|請選擇要刪除的垃圾名稱:");char getName[20];int ch;//1 確定刪除\t 2 取消并重新選擇刪除的垃圾scanf("%s", getName);GarbageNode* del = g_head->next;GarbageNode* reWrite;while (del != g_head){if (0 != strcmp(getName, del->garbage.garbageName)){del = del->next; //不相等就找下一個}else{printf("\n");printf("\t|要刪除的是：\n\n");printf("\t|名字： %s\n", del->garbage.garbageName);printf("\t|類型： %s\n", del->garbage.garbageType);printf("\t|描述： %s \n", del->garbage.garbageDescribe);printf("\n");printf("\t| 1 確定刪除\n\t| 2 取消并重新選擇刪除的垃圾\n");printf("\t|請選擇：");scanf("%d", &ch);if (ch == 1){del->prior->next = del->next;del->next->prior = del->prior;free(del);fp = fopen("garbage.txt", "w");//刪除完重新寫入文件if (fp == NULL){printf("\t|找不到文件");exit(0);}else{reWrite = g_head->next;while (reWrite != g_head){fprintf(fp, "%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\n",reWrite->garbage.garbageName,reWrite->garbage.garbageType,reWrite->garbage.garbageDescribe);//按格式覆蓋數據在文檔reWrite = reWrite->next;}fclose(fp);printf("\n\t|刪除完畢后的結果：");readLink(g_head, tail);break;}}else if (ch == 2){goto reDelete;}else{printf("\t|輸入錯誤，請重新選擇刪除");goto reDelete;}}}//while 結束if (del == g_head){int num;printf("\t|無此垃圾信息\n");printf("\t|重新刪除請按 1 ， 其他鍵返回主菜單： ");scanf("%d", &num);if (num == 1){goto reDelete;}}}system("pause");printf("\t|按 1 返回主菜單\n\t|按其他鍵退出系統\n");printf("\t|請選擇： ");scanf("%d", &reback);if (reback == 1){system("cls");return reback;}else{exit(0);} }//功能函數三：根據垃圾名修改 int update(GarbageNode* g_head, GarbageNode* tail) {int reback;FILE* fp;int num;char a[20];//1 廚余垃圾char b[20];//2 可回收垃圾char c[20];//3 有毒有害垃圾char d[20];//4 不可回收垃圾readLink(g_head, tail); reUpdate:if (g_head->next == g_head && g_head->prior == g_head){printf("\n\t|目前垃圾表為空\n");}else{printf("\t|請選擇要修改的垃圾名稱:");char getName[20];int ch;//1 確定修改 2 取消并重新選擇修改的垃圾scanf("%s", getName);GarbageNode* upd = g_head->next;GarbageNode* reWrite = g_head->next;while (upd != g_head){if (0 != strcmp(getName, upd->garbage.garbageName)){upd = upd->next; //不相等就找下一個}else{printf("\n");printf("\t|要修改的是：\n");printf("\t|名字： %s\n", upd->garbage.garbageName);printf("\t|類型： %s\n", upd->garbage.garbageType);printf("\t|描述： %s \n", upd->garbage.garbageDescribe);printf("\n");printf("\t| 1 確定要修改垃圾信息\n\t| 2 取消并重新選擇修改的垃圾\n");printf("\t| 請選擇：");scanf("%d", &ch);if (ch == 1){printf("\t|請輸入修改成的垃圾名字：");scanf("%s", upd->garbage.garbageName);printf("\n");printf("\t|請選擇要修改成的垃圾類型：");printf("\n");printf("\t|-------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|1 廚余垃圾\t\t2 可回收垃圾\t\t|\n");printf("\t|3 有毒有害垃圾\t\t4 不可回收垃圾\t\t|\n");printf("\t|-------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t| 請選擇該垃圾類型: ");scanf("%d", &num);switch (num){case 1:strcpy(a, "廚余垃圾");strcpy(upd->garbage.garbageType, a);break;case 2:strcpy(b, "可回收垃圾");strcpy(upd->garbage.garbageType, b);break;case 3:strcpy(c, "有毒有害垃圾");strcpy(upd->garbage.garbageType, c);break;case 4:strcpy(d, "不可回收垃圾");strcpy(upd->garbage.garbageType, d);break;}printf("\n");printf("\t|請輸入修改成的垃圾描述：");scanf("%s", upd->garbage.garbageDescribe);fp = fopen("garbage.txt", "w");if (fp == NULL){printf("找不到文件");exit(0);}else{while (reWrite != g_head){fprintf(fp, "%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\n",reWrite->garbage.garbageName,reWrite->garbage.garbageType,reWrite->garbage.garbageDescribe);reWrite = reWrite->next;}fclose(fp);printf("\t|修改完畢后的結果：\n");readLink(g_head, tail);break;}}else if (ch == 2){goto reUpdate;}else{printf("\t|輸入錯誤，請重新選擇修改： ");goto reUpdate;}}}//while 結束if (upd == g_head){int reupdate;printf("\t|無此垃圾信息\n");printf("\t|重新修改請按 1 ， 其他鍵返回主菜單： ");scanf("%d", &reupdate);if (reupdate == 1){goto reUpdate;}}}system("pause");printf("\t|按 1 返回主菜單\n\t|按其他鍵退出系統\n");printf("\t|請選擇： ");scanf("%d", &reback);if (reback == 1){system("cls");return reback;}else{exit(0);} }//功能函數四：分別根據垃圾名，垃圾類別（一對多），垃圾描述查找 int select(GarbageNode* g_head, GarbageNode* tail) {int reback;int ch;int i = 0;//垃圾個數char getMassage[20];GarbageNode* p;readLink(g_head, tail);//調用函數讀取文件內容reSelect:if (g_head->next == g_head && g_head->prior == g_head){printf("\n\t|目前垃圾表為空\n");}else{printf("\t| 請選擇您要查詢的方式\n\n");printf("\t| 1.按名稱查 ******** \n");printf("\t| 2.按類型查 ******** \n");printf("\t| 3.按描述查 ******** \n");printf("\t|請選擇：");scanf("%d", &ch);p = g_head->next;switch (ch){case 1:printf("\t|請輸入想查詢的垃圾名字：");scanf("%s", getMassage);i = 0;while (p != g_head){if (0 != strcmp(getMassage, p->garbage.garbageName)){p = p->next; //不相等就找下一個}else{printf("\n");printf("\t|查找成功，您查找的垃圾信息如下：\n\n");printf("\t|名字： %s\n", p->garbage.garbageName);printf("\t|類型： %s\n", p->garbage.garbageType);printf("\t|描述： %s \n", p->garbage.garbageDescribe);printf("\n");i++;break;}}break;case 2:printf("\t|請輸入想查詢的垃圾類型：");scanf("%s", getMassage);i = 0;while (p != g_head){ if (0 == strcmp(getMassage, p->garbage.garbageType)){i++;printf("\t|----------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|%d 名字： %s\t 類型： %s\t描述： %s\n",i, p->garbage.garbageName, p->garbage.garbageType,p->garbage.garbageDescribe);}p = p->next; //相等也找下一個 }printf("\t|----------------------------------------------------------------\n");break;case 3:printf("\t|請輸入想查詢的垃圾描述：");scanf("%s", getMassage);i = 0;while (p != g_head){if (0 != strcmp(getMassage, p->garbage.garbageDescribe)){p = p->next; //不相等就找下一個}else{printf("\n");printf("\t|查找成功，您查找的垃圾信息如下：\n\n");printf("\t|名字： %s\n", p->garbage.garbageName);printf("\t|類型： %s\n", p->garbage.garbageType);printf("\t|描述： %s \n", p->garbage.garbageDescribe);printf("\n");i++;break;}}break;}if (p == g_head && i==0){printf("\t|無此垃圾信息\n"); }int reselect;printf("\t|重新查找請按 1 ， 其他鍵返回主菜單： ");scanf("%d", &reselect);if (reselect == 1){goto reSelect;}}system("pause");printf("\t|按 1 返回主菜單\n\t|按其他鍵退出系統\n");printf("\t|請選擇： ");scanf("%d", &reback);if (reback == 1){system("cls");return reback;}else{exit(0);}}//功能函數五：按分類好的4類垃圾瀏覽，也可瀏覽排列好的總垃圾表 int browse(GarbageNode* g_head, GarbageNode* tail) {int reback;int num;int rebrowse;GarbageNode* p;int i;char getTypeOne[20] = "廚余垃圾";//得到第一個垃圾類型char getTypeTow[20] = "可回收垃圾";//得到第二個垃圾類型char getTypeThree[20] = "有毒有害垃圾";//得到第三個垃圾類型char getTypeFour[20] = "不可回收垃圾";//得到第四個垃圾類型printf("\n");printf("\t|------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|1 廚余垃圾表\t\t2 可回收垃圾表\t\t|\n\n");printf("\t|3 有毒有害垃圾表\t4 不可回收垃圾表\t|\n\n");printf("\t|5 按以上四種垃圾排列好的總垃圾表\t\t|\n");printf("\t|------------------------------------------------\n"); reBrowse:i = 1;printf("\t|請選擇想瀏覽的垃圾表編號: ");scanf("%d", &num);switch (num){case 1:p = g_head->next;printf("\n\t廚余垃圾表：\n");printf("\t--------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|編號 \t|名字\t\t|描述\t\t\t|\n");printf("\t--------------------------------------------------\n");while (p != g_head){if (0 == strcmp(getTypeOne, p->garbage.garbageType)){printf("\t| %d\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t\t|\n",i,p->garbage.garbageName,p->garbage.garbageDescribe);i++;} p = p->next;}printf("\t--------------------------------------------------");printf("\n");break;case 2:p = g_head->next;//回到鏈頭printf("\n\t可回收垃圾表：\n");printf("\t--------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|編號 \t|名字\t\t|描述\t\t\t|\n");printf("\t--------------------------------------------------\n");while (p != g_head){if (0 == strcmp(getTypeTow, p->garbage.garbageType)){printf("\t| %d\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t\t|\n",i,p->garbage.garbageName,p->garbage.garbageDescribe);i++;}p = p->next;}printf("\t--------------------------------------------------");printf("\n");break;case 3:p = g_head->next;printf("\n\t有毒有害垃圾表：\n");printf("\t--------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|編號 \t|名字\t\t|描述\t\t\t|\n");printf("\t--------------------------------------------------\n");while (p != g_head){if (0 == strcmp(getTypeThree, p->garbage.garbageType)){printf("\t| %d\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t\t\n",i,p->garbage.garbageName,p->garbage.garbageDescribe);i++;}p = p->next;}printf("\t--------------------------------------------------");printf("\n");break;case 4:p = g_head->next;printf("\n\t不可回收垃圾表：\n");printf("\t--------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|編號 \t|名字\t\t|描述\t\t\t|\n");printf("\t--------------------------------------------------\n");while (p != g_head){if (0 == strcmp(getTypeFour, p->garbage.garbageType)){printf("\t| %d\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t\t|\n",i,p->garbage.garbageName,p->garbage.garbageDescribe);i++;}p = p->next;}printf("\t--------------------------------------------------");printf("\n");break;case 5:p = g_head->next;//回到鏈頭printf("\n\t總垃圾表：\n");printf("\t------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|編號 \t|名字\t\t|類型\t\t\t|描述\t\t\n");printf("\t------------------------------------------------------------\n");while (p != g_head){if (0 == strcmp(getTypeOne, p->garbage.garbageType)){printf("\t| %d\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t\n",i,p->garbage.garbageName,p->garbage.garbageType,p->garbage.garbageDescribe);i++;}p = p->next;}p = g_head->next;//回到鏈頭while (p != g_head){if (0 == strcmp(getTypeTow, p->garbage.garbageType)){printf("\t| %d\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t\n",i,p->garbage.garbageName,p->garbage.garbageType,p->garbage.garbageDescribe);i++;}p = p->next;}p = g_head->next;//回到鏈頭while (p != g_head){if (0 == strcmp(getTypeThree, p->garbage.garbageType)){printf("\t| %d\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t\n",i,p->garbage.garbageName,p->garbage.garbageType,p->garbage.garbageDescribe);i++;}p = p->next;}p = g_head->next;//回到鏈頭while (p != g_head){if (0 == strcmp(getTypeFour, p->garbage.garbageType)){printf("\t| %d\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t|%s\t\t\n",i,p->garbage.garbageName,p->garbage.garbageType,p->garbage.garbageDescribe);i++;}p = p->next;}printf("\t------------------------------------------------------------");printf("\n");break;default:printf("\t|輸入不規范，請重新選擇\n");goto reBrowse;break;}printf("\t|繼續瀏覽其他垃圾表請按 1 , 按其他鍵將返回主菜單：\n");printf("\t|請選擇: ");scanf("%d", &rebrowse);if (rebrowse == 1){goto reBrowse;}else {system("pause");printf("\t|按 1 返回主菜單\n\t|按其他鍵退出系統\n");printf("\t|請選擇： ");scanf("%d", &reback);if (reback == 1){system("cls");return reback;}else{exit(0);}} }//主菜單 void menu() {printf("**********************************************************\n");printf("*************** 歡迎使用垃圾分類系統 *********************\n");printf("**********************************************************\n");printf("\t------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|\t1.\t新增\t\t\t|\n");printf("\t------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|\t2.\t刪除\t\t\t|\n");printf("\t------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|\t3.\t修改\t\t\t|\n");printf("\t------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|\t4.\t查找\t\t\t|\n");printf("\t------------------------------------------\n");printf("\t|\t5.\t瀏覽\t\t\t|\n");printf("\t------------------------------------------\n");printf("\n");printf("\t| 請選擇以上操作 ^_^ : ");}int main() { //讀取garbage.txt，將內容填入鏈表int reback; //reback 為0時不返回主菜單，為1時返回FILE* fp;GarbageNode* g_head;//頭結點GarbageNode* gNewNode, * tail;//一個新節點指針，一個始終指向尾部的指針g_head = (GarbageNode*)malloc(sizeof(GarbageNode));//創建頭結點g_head->next = g_head;g_head->prior = g_head;tail = g_head; // 始終指向尾部的指針fp = fopen("garbage.txt", "rt");if (fp == NULL){printf("找不到文件");exit(0);}else{gNewNode = (GarbageNode*)malloc(sizeof(GarbageNode));//生成新節點fscanf(fp, "%s\t\t%s\t\t%s",gNewNode->garbage.garbageName,gNewNode->garbage.garbageType,gNewNode->garbage.garbageDescribe);//先讀取完再判斷feof(fp),否則下面的循環會多走一次while (!feof(fp))//feof()到文件末尾會返回 真值{tail->next = gNewNode;//讓前一個節點和新節點連接gNewNode->prior = tail;// 新節點的前驅指針指向前一個tail = gNewNode;//尾指針后移tail->next = g_head;g_head->prior = tail;gNewNode = (GarbageNode*)malloc(sizeof(GarbageNode));//生成新節點fscanf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",gNewNode->garbage.garbageName,gNewNode->garbage.garbageType,gNewNode->garbage.garbageDescribe); }fclose(fp);}//進入主菜單選擇需要的操作do{system("color 5F");//改背景顔色menu();//主菜單int ch;//獲取鍵盤輸入scanf("%d", &ch);switch (ch){case 1:reback = add(g_head, tail);break;case 2:reback = delet(g_head, tail);break;case 3:reback = update(g_head, tail);break;case 4:reback = select(g_head, tail);break;case 5:reback = browse(g_head, tail);break;default:system("cls");printf("**********輸入不規范*************\n");printf("\n請重新選擇\n\n");system("pause");system("cls");reback = 1;break;}} while (reback);return 0; }

5結語
問題回顧：1.起初對項目不知從何下手，對文件交互式不是很了解，但是努力找資料學習并實驗，對知識有更深體會和理解，兩天后開始了自己的垃圾分類項目。2.在對于系統中函數單獨調用后不能返回主菜單而苦惱，后來想到了調用函數后返回參數，再配合while循環即可達到目的，只有不滿足條件時才退出系統。3.在寫刪除操作前是用單向鏈表的，但是刪除必須要回到前一個結點才能連接其前后結點，自己再釋放掉，所以又改成了雙向鏈表。
鏈表的時間復雜度為O(n)。最開始是每個子函數都在堆空間創建一條鏈，再去讀取文件放入結點中，這樣很浪費運行時間和堆內存空間。為了不在每次調用子函數時都去文件那里讀取完再放進鏈表，我選擇將讀取的位置放在main()函數的最開始，然后再將鏈頭鏈尾傳給其他子函數，這樣我的系統從頭到尾就只有一條鏈，每次的增刪改查操作都在同一塊堆空間進行操作，這樣文件和鏈表的變化就能同步起來，只要去遍歷鏈表就相當于遍歷了文件，我是用readLink()函數讀取修改后堆空間鏈表。
功能擴展：系統除了最基本的增刪改查，我還擴展了瀏覽的功能。
對數據結構課程的認識：在開始做課程設計之前我復習數據結構，仔細比較線性表，單鏈表和雙向鏈表的各種不同及其適用的應用場景，更深刻體理解鏈表的使用極其在堆空間的存在，還有它的生命周期。
這次的課程設計對我的C語言基礎幫助很大，而且更是清楚了計算機中一些內存的分配，實踐和邏輯也得到質的提升了。

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的c语言垃圾分类系统的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。