? ? ? 什么是firmware??來看看英文維基百科吧：

? In?electronic systems?and?computing,?firmware?is the combination of persistent memory and program code and data stored in it.^[1]?Typical examples of devices containing firmware are?embedded systems?(such as traffic lights, consumer appliances, and digital watches), computers, computer peripherals,?mobile phones, and?digital cameras. The firmware contained in these devices provides the control program for the device. Firmware is held in?non-volatile?memory devices such as?ROM,?EPROM, orflash memory. Changing the firmware of a device may rarely or never be done during its economic lifetime; some firmware memory devices are permanently installed and cannot be changed after manufacture. Common reasons for updating firmware include fixing bugs or adding features to the device. This may require physically changing ROM integrated circuits^{[citation needed]}, or reprogramming flash memory with a special procedure.^[2]?Firmware such as the?ROM BIOS?of a personal computer may contain only elementary basic functions of a device and may only provide services to higher-level software. Firmware such as the program of an embedded system may be the only program that will run on the system and provide all of its functions.

? ?Before integrated circuits, other firmware devices included a?discrete?semiconductor?diode matrix. TheApollo guidance computer?had firmware consisting of a specially manufactured?core memory?plane, called "core rope memory", where data were stored by physically threading wires through (1) or around (0) the core storing each data bit.^[3]

? ?Flashing?(or?flashing firmware^[4]) refers to the overwriting of existing firmware or data on ROM modules present in an electronic device with new data.^[4]?This can be done to upgrade a device?^[5]?or to change the?provider?of a service associated with the function of the device, such as changing from onemobile phone?service provider to another or installing a new?operating system. If firmware is upgradable, it's often done via a program from the provider (see below), and will often allow the old firmware to be saved before upgrading so it can be reverted to if the process fails, or the newer version was worse.

? ?再看看看中文資料：

? ?固件（firmware），臺灣、港澳譯作“韌體”，是一種嵌入在硬件設備中的軟件。通常它是位于特殊應用集成電路（ASIC）或可編程邏輯器件（PLD）之中的閃存或EEPROM或PROM里，有的可以讓用戶更新。可以應用在非常廣泛的電子產品中，從遙控器、計算器到電腦中的鍵盤、硬盤，甚至工業機器人中都可見到它的身影。

顧名思義，固件的所在是位于軟件和硬件之間的。像軟件一樣，他是一個被計算機所運行的程序。然而它是對于硬件內部而言更加貼近以及更加重要的部份，而對于外在的世界而言較無重要的意義。

? ?我的理解： 固件是軟件（程序）， 存儲在硬件中。在手機進行刷機時， 刷的就是固件。 在機頂盒進行升級時， 刷的就是固件， 也就是機頂盒軟件廠商發布的軟件版本。

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