使用 kickstart 半自動化安裝CentOS7系統

1、創建kickstart文件

創建kickstart文件的方式

• 可使用創建工具：system-config-kickstart ，注意：此方法 CentOS 8 不再支持
• 依據某模板修改并生成新配置，CentOS安裝完后，會自動參考當前系統的安裝過程，生成一個kickstart文件 /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

使用system-config-kickstart生成kickstart配置文件

? —（centos8保護支持，可在centos7生成，經過修改給centos8使用）

• 創建yum倉庫

[root@centos7.8 ~]#yum -y install httpd [root@centos7.8 ~]#systemctl enable --now httpd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service. [root@centos7.8 ~]#cd /var/www/html [root@centos7.8 html]#mkdir -p centos/7/os/x86_64 [root@centos7.7 html]#tree . └── centos└── 7└── os└── x86_644 directories, 0 files [root@centos7 html]#mount /dev/sr0 centos/7/os/x86_64/ mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@centos7 html]#lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 4.5G 0 rom /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64 [root@centos7 html]#systemctl disable --now firewalld [root@centos7 html]#setenforce 0

• 安裝system-config-kickstart工具

[root@centos7 ~]#yum -y install system-config-kickstart

• 此工具是一個圖形化工具，在Windows運行一個Xmanager程序

[root@centos7 ~]#export DISPLAY=10.0.0.1:0.0 #10.0.0.1為本機電腦IP，可以在網卡屬性中查看，0.0為上圖中Xmanager后的窗口 [root@centos7 ~]#system-config-kickstart

• 依次配置上圖中左側菜單：

上圖中http://10.0.0.104/centos/7/os/x86_64為自建的yum倉庫

出現上圖不顯示可選的包信息，需要修改yum倉庫配置文件:

[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/***.repo [development] #把原來"[]"內的內容改成development，其它不變

安裝前腳本，可不寫

安裝后腳本，可以寫入希望執行操作，例如配置yum源

• 保存并命名為ks7.cfg
• 查看生成的kickstart文件ks7.cfg

[root@centos7 kickstart]#vim ks7.cfg #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T #version=DEVEL # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Keyboard layouts keyboard 'us' # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$4EavzQm1$mSdkpMa2MRVRt4Gd0bVM7. # System language lang en_US # System authorization information auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use text mode install text firstboot --disable # SELinux configuration selinux --disabledignoredisk --only-use=sda # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 # Reboot after installation reboot # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai # Use network installation url --url="http://10.0.0.104/centos/7/os/x86_64/" # System bootloader configuration bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr --password="123456" # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part / --fstype="xfs" --size=51200 part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=1024 part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048 part /data --fstype="xfs" --size=102400%post --nochroot mkdir /etc/yum.repo.d/backup mv /etc/yum.repo.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repo.d/backup cat > /etc/yum.repo.d/base.repo <<EOF [base] name=base repo failovermethod=priority baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7[extras] name=extras repo failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 EOF %end%packages @web-server%end

將kickstart文件拷貝到10.0.0.104 http服務器

[root@centos7 ~]#scp ks7.cfg 10.0.0.104:/var/www/html/kickstart/ root@10.0.0.104's password: ks7.cfg 100% 1722 784.2KB/s 00:00

• 找一個新機器，利用光盤和自定義kick start文件啟動

下載光盤https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-NetInstall-2003.iso

使用下載的光盤啟動，Esc鍵進入下面界面

輸入linux ks=http://10.0.0.104/kickstart/ks7.cfg ip=dhcp

Enter之后即可開始安裝(ks后的地址為存放kick start文件的地址)

制作光盤并結合kickstart實現基于光盤啟動的半自動化安裝引導

• 創建一個文件夾，將光盤里的相關啟動文件拷貝到此文件夾中

[root@centos7 data]#mkdir /data/iso [root@centos7 data]#cd iso/ [root@centos7 iso]#mount /dev/sr0 /mnt mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@centos7 iso]#cp -a /mnt/isolinux/ /data/iso/ [root@centos7 iso]#tree . └── isolinux├── boot.cat├── boot.msg├── grub.conf├── initrd.img├── isolinux.bin├── isolinux.cfg├── memtest├── splash.png├── TRANS.TBL├── vesamenu.c32└── vmlinuz1 directory, 11 files

• 修改isolinux.cfg文件，設置啟動菜單

[root@centos7 iso]#vim isolinux/isolinux.cfglabel linuxmenu label Auto Install CentOS ^7kernel vmlinuzappend initrd=initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.104/kickstart/ks7.cfg #應答文件存放位置label rescuemenu indent count 5menu label ^Rescue a CentOS systemtext helpIf the system will not boot, this lets you access filesand edit config files to try to get it booting again.endtextkernel vmlinuzappend initrd=initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.104/7/os/x86_64 rescue quiet #指定救援模式時依賴的yum源路徑 label localmenu default #指定默認菜單為本地啟動，避免因沒有選定菜單而重裝系統menu label Boot from ^local drivelocalboot 0xffff

• 利用mkisofs創建光盤文件

  [root@centos7 isolinux]#mkisofs -R -J -T -v --no-emul-boot --boot-load-size 4 --boot-info-table -V "CentOS 7.8 x86_64 boot" -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -o /root/boot.iso /data/iso/會生成一個/root/boot.iso光盤文件， 就可以利用這個關盤文件啟動系統，或是刻錄光盤

centos7上實現pxe安裝系統centos6、centos7、centos8

1、安裝前準備

• 關閉防火墻和SELINUX，DHCP服務器靜態IP
• 網絡要求：關閉Vmware軟件中的DHCP服務，基于NAT模式或者僅主機模式

2、安裝相關軟件包并啟動

[root@centos7 ~]#yum -y install httpd tftp-server dhcp syslinux system-config-kickstart[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable --now httpd tftp dhcpd由于dhcp還沒有配置，此時還無法立即啟動

3、配置DHCP服務并啟動DHCP服務

一般在/usr/share/doc/dhcp* 目錄下會有一個dhcpd.conf.example的文件范例，可根據此文件編輯/etc/dhcp/dhcd.conf[root@centos7 ~]#cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf # option definitions common to all supported networks... option domain-name "magedu.org"; option domain-name-servers 180.76.76.76, 223.5.5.5 ;default-lease-time 86400; max-lease-time 172800;log-facility local7;# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the # DHCP server to understand the network topology.subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {range 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.100;range 10.0.0.150 10.0.0.254;option routers 10.0.0.2;next-server 10.0.0.104;filename "pxelinux.0";}[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable --now dhcpd

4、創建yum源

[root@centos7 ~]#mkdir -p /var/www/html/centos/{6,7,8}/os/x86_64/ [root@centos7 ~]#cd /var/www/html [root@centos7 html]#tree -L 4 . └── centos├── 6│ └── os│ └── x86_64├── 7│ └── os│ └── x86_64└── 8└── os└── x86_6410 directories, 0 files[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/ [root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/ [root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr2 /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/yum源配置好了之后最好能夠在瀏覽器中測試一下，是否能夠訪問

5、準備kickstart文件

[root@centos7 ~]#cd /var/www/html [root@centos7 html]#mkdir kickstart

• centos6 的kickstart文件

[root@centos6 data]#cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg cnetos6.cfg [root@centos6 data]#vim centos6.cfg [root@centos6 data]#cat centos6.cfg |grep -e "^[^#]" install text reboot url --url=http://10.0.0.104/centos/6/os/x86_64/ lang en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 rootpw --iscrypted $6$bT4/8b5iSoS.h7tp$fDpDihnZO8PcO3wiiPoa0Hv64vKCpb98HGiXFtWTCickNhjyq/ql7r3q1uWJ5NncIl4SiM1GD3eecdmHSS0U.1 firewall --disabled authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 selinux --disabled timezone Asia/Shanghai bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet" zerombr clearpart --all --initlabel part / --fstype=ext4 --size=51200 part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=1024 part /data --fstype=ext4 --size=102400 part swap --size=2048 %packages vim tree lrzsz wget %end %post useradd boy echo boy:123456 | chpasswd boy &> /dev/null mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF [base] name=base repo baseurl=file:///misc/cdhttps://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ gpgchech=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 EOF %end[root@centos6 data]#scp centos6.cfg 10.0.0.104:/var/www/html/kickstart/

• cnetos7 的kickstart 文件

[root@centos7 html]#cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg kickstart/centos7.cfg [root@centos7 kickstart]#vim centos7.cfg [root@centos7 kickstart]#cat centos7.cfg | grep -e "^[^#]" install text xconfig --startxonboot url --url="http://10.0.0.104/centos/7/os/x86_64/" auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 firstboot --enable ignoredisk --only-use=sda keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us' lang en_US.UTF-8 network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --ipv6=auto --activate network --hostname=centos7.8-boy-min reboot rootpw --iscrypted $6$4AwYgykG62A9cNW/$dSCU/6mHzSUlshkMbaFxiQYhtHN09J1lO.9/IwP1uEZOuNkp53uerls3gp8lgLCIxMSWi9KpML5cslAuy913Z0 services --disabled="chronyd" selinux --disabled skipx firewall --disabled timezone Asia/Shanghai --nontp user --name=boy --password=$6$ic2DfXieFhUxRQE1$lX9WFco1r8aYTuJR1134HSFYTDvLWKJsOL6qDZ58UnNyF7hNb3Y5UGRYibD5IzVhY4c.18TOIbpBG54CTN89B. --iscrypted --gecos="boy" bootloader --append=" net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda zerombr clearpart --all --initlabel part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200 part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=102400 part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=1024 part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048 %packages vim tree lrzsz wget @^minimal @core kexec-tools %end %post --nochroot mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF [base] name=base repo failovermethod=priority baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [extras] name=extras repo failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 EOF %end

• centos8的kickstart文件

[root@centos7 kickstart]#scp 10.0.0.8:/root/anaconda-ks.cfg ./centos8.cfg [root@centos7 kickstart]#vim centos8.cfg [root@centos7 kickstart]#cat centos8.cfg | grep -e "^[^#]" ignoredisk --only-use=sda selinux --disabled firewall --disabled zerombr reboot clearpart --all --initlabel text keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us' lang en_US.UTF-8 network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --ipv6=auto --activate bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda network --hostname=centos8.2-boy-min url --url=http://10.0.0.104/centos/8/os/x86_64 rootpw --iscrypted $6$LexrB4d/C9NAKA9W$XUJqMLfLuktlFx3oLqHPxcVSg7k10wiUC7inl9V4Ja.sjhkIa5WYq0wuBCgzru96QrcnyAn8YD0kxiMZ8Imfk0 firstboot --enable skipx services --disable="chronyd" timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp user --name=boy --password=$6$iS9WMZq1GEYu9FAW$T5LxhyCjX6s0WERlkZvQFgYx7PgTXj6dzhokFr3Da6WAwTU.3ppPdjVwo.3i5hS8i5N0I1D.gJWnrxtSJoc4y/ --iscrypted --gecos="boy"part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048 part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=102400 part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200 part /boot --fstype="ext4" --ondisk=sda --size=1024 %packages @^minimal-environment kexec-tools %end %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto' %end %anaconda pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty %end

6、準備pxe啟動相關文件

[root@centos7 ~]#cd /var/lib/tftpboot/ [root@centos7 tftpboot]#mkdir centos{6..8} [root@centos7 tftpboot]#tree . ├── centos6 ├── centos7 └── centos83 directories, 0 files準備CentOS6，7，8各自的內核相關文件 [root@centos7 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} centos6 [root@centos7 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} centos7 [root@centos7 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} centos8[root@centos7 tftpboot]#cp /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32} ./以下三個文件是CentOS8安裝所必須文件，CentOS6，7則不需要 [root@centos7 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/{ldlinux.c32,libcom32.c32,libutil.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/ [root@centos7 tftpboot]#tree . ├── centos6 │ ├── initrd.img │ └── vmlinuz ├── centos7 │ ├── initrd.img │ └── vmlinuz ├── centos8 │ ├── initrd.img │ └── vmlinuz ├── ldlinux.c32 ├── libcom32.c32 ├── libutil.c32 ├── menu.c32 └── pxelinux.03 directories, 11 files生成菜單文件default[root@centos7 tftpboot]#mkdir pxelinux.cfg [root@centos7 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default [root@centos7 tftpboot]#tree . ├── centos6 │ ├── initrd.img │ └── vmlinuz ├── centos7 │ ├── initrd.img │ └── vmlinuz ├── centos8 │ ├── initrd.img │ └── vmlinuz ├── ldlinux.c32 ├── libcom32.c32 ├── libutil.c32 ├── menu.c32 ├── pxelinux.0 └── pxelinux.cfg└── default4 directories, 12 files

7、準備啟動菜單

[root@centos7 tftpboot]#vim pxelinux.cfg/default [root@centos7 tftpboot]#cat pxelinux.cfg/default default menu.c32 timeout 60label linuxmenu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^8kernel centos8/vmlinuzappend initrd=centos8/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.104/kickstart/centos8.cfg quietlabel linuxmenu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^7kernel centos7/vmlinuz append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.104/kickstart/centos7.cfg quietlabel linuxmenu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^6kernel centos6/vmlinuz append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.104/kickstart/centos6.cfg quietlabel rescuemenu label ^Rescue a CentOS Linux system 8kernel centos8/vmlinuzappend initrd=centos8/initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.104/centos/8/os/x86_64 rescue quietlabel rescuemenu label Rescue ^a CentOS Linux system 7kernel centos7/vmlinuzappend initrd=centos7/initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.104/centos/7/os/x86_64 rescue quietlabel rescuemenu label ^Rescue a ^CentOS Linux system 6kernel centos6/vmlinuzappend initrd=centos6/initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.104/centos/6/os/x86_64 rescue quietlabel localmenu defaultmenu label Boot from ^local drivelocalboot 0xffff

8、測試客戶端基于PXE實現自動安裝

新準備一臺主機，設置網卡引導，可看到看啟動菜單，并實現自動安裝
注意：VMware workstation 對于不同的CentOS 版本，生成的虛擬機的硬件并不兼容

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的使用 kickstart 半自动化安装CentOS系统 利用PXE实现自动化安装centos系统的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。