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oracle SQL以结尾函数,Oracle SQL 内置函数大全

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SQL中的單記錄函數(shù)

1.ASCII?返回與指定的字符對(duì)應(yīng)的十進(jìn)制數(shù);

SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;

A???????? A????? ZERO???? SPACE

--------- --------- --------- ---------

65??????? 97??????? 48??????? 32

2.CHR?給出整數(shù),返回對(duì)應(yīng)的字符;

SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;

ZH C

-- -

趙 A

3.CONCAT?連接兩個(gè)字符串;

SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'轉(zhuǎn)23' 高乾競(jìng)電話 from dual;

高乾競(jìng)電話

----------------

010-88888888轉(zhuǎn)23

4.INITCAP?返回字符串并將字符串的第一個(gè)字母變?yōu)榇髮?xiě);

SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;

UPP

-----

Smith

5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)?在一個(gè)字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回發(fā)現(xiàn)指定的字符的位置;

C1??? 被搜索的字符串

C2??? 希望搜索的字符串

I???? 搜索的開(kāi)始位置,默認(rèn)為1

J???? 出現(xiàn)的位置,默認(rèn)為1

SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;

INSTRING

---------

6.LENGTH?返回字符串的長(zhǎng)度;

SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from .nchar_tst;

NAME?? LENGTH(NAME) ADDR???????????? LENGTH(ADDR)?????? SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))

------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------

高乾競(jìng)??????????? 3 北京市海錠區(qū)??????????????? 6?? 9999.99??????????????????? 7

7.LOWER?返回字符串,并將所有的字符小寫(xiě)

SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;

AABBCCDD

--------

aabbccdd

8.UPPER?返回字符串,并將所有的字符大寫(xiě)

SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;

UPPER

--------

AABBCCDD

9.RPAD和LPAD(粘貼字符)

RPAD 在列的右邊粘貼字符

LPAD 在列的左邊粘貼字符

SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;

LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1

-----------------

*******gao*******

不夠字符則用*來(lái)填滿

10.LTRIM和RTRIM

LTRIM 刪除左邊出現(xiàn)的字符串

RTRIM 刪除右邊出現(xiàn)的字符串

SQL> select ltrim(rtrim('?? gao qian jing?? ',' '),' ') from dual;

LTRIM(RTRIM('

-------------

gao qian jing

11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)

取子字符串,從start開(kāi)始,取count個(gè)

SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;

SUBSTR('

--------

08888888

12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')

string?? 希望被替換的字符或變量

s1?????? 被替換的字符串

s2?????? 要替換的字符串

SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;

REPLACE('HELOVEYOU','HE','I')

------------------------------

i love you

13.SOUNDEX?返回一個(gè)與給定的字符串讀音相同的字符串

SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));

SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');

SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');

SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');

SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');

--------

weather

wether

14.TRIM('s' from 'string')

LEADING?? 剪掉前面的字符

TRAILING 剪掉后面的字符

如果不指定,默認(rèn)為空格符

15.ABS?返回指定值的絕對(duì)值

SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;

ABS(100) ABS(-100)

--------- ---------

100?????? 100

16.ACOS?給出反余弦的值

SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;

ACOS(-1)

---------

3.1415927

17.ASIN?給出反正弦的值

SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;

ASIN(0.5)

---------

.52359878

18.ATAN?返回一個(gè)數(shù)字的反正切值

SQL> select atan(1) from dual;

ATAN(1)

---------

.78539816

19.CEIL?返回大于或等于給出數(shù)字的最小整數(shù)

SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;

CEIL(3.1415927)

---------------

20.COS?返回一個(gè)給定數(shù)字的余弦

SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;

COS(-3.1415927)

---------------

-1

21.COSH?返回一個(gè)數(shù)字反余弦值

SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;

COSH(20)

---------

242582598

22.EXP?返回一個(gè)數(shù)字e的n次方根

SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;

EXP(2)??? EXP(1)

--------- ---------

7.3890561 2.7182818

23.FLOOR?對(duì)給定的數(shù)字取整數(shù)

SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;

FLOOR(2345.67)

--------------

2345

24.LN?返回一個(gè)數(shù)字的對(duì)數(shù)值

SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;

LN(1)???? LN(2) LN(2.7182818)

--------- --------- -------------

0 .69314718???? .99999999

25.LOG(n1,n2)?返回一個(gè)以n1為底n2的對(duì)數(shù)

SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;

LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)

--------- ---------

26.MOD(n1,n2)?返回一個(gè)n1除以n2的余數(shù)

SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;

MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)

--------- --------- ---------

1???????? 0???????? 2

27.POWER?返回n1的n2次方根

SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;

POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)

----------- ----------

1024???????? 27

28.ROUND和TRUNC

按照指定的精度進(jìn)行舍入

SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;

ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)

----------- ------------ ----------- ------------

56????????? -55????????? 55????????? -55

29.SIGN?取數(shù)字n的符號(hào),大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0

SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;

SIGN(123) SIGN(-100)?? SIGN(0)

--------- ---------- ---------

1???????? -1???????? 0

30.SIN?返回一個(gè)數(shù)字的正弦值

SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;

SIN(1.57079)

------------

31.SIGH?返回雙曲正弦的值

SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;

SIN(20) SINH(20)

--------- ---------

.91294525 242582598

32.SQRT?返回?cái)?shù)字n的根

SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;

SQRT(64) SQRT(10)

--------- ---------

8 3.1622777

33.TAN?返回?cái)?shù)字的正切值

SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;

TAN(20)?? TAN(10)

--------- ---------

2.2371609 .64836083

34.TANH

返回?cái)?shù)字n的雙曲正切值

SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;

TANH(20)?? TAN(20)

--------- ---------

1 2.2371609

35.TRUNC

按照指定的精度截取一個(gè)數(shù)

SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;

TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)

--------- ------------------

100???????????? 124.16

36.ADD_MONTHS

增加或減去月份

SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA

------

200002

SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA

------

199910

37.LAST_DAY

返回日期的最后一天

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S

---------- ----------

2004.05.09 2004.05.10

SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

LAST_DAY(S

----------

31-5月 -04

38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)

給出date2-date1的月份

SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;

MON_BETWEEN

-----------

SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.dd')) mon_betw from dual;

MON_BETW

---------

-60

39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')

給出在this時(shí)區(qū)=other時(shí)區(qū)的日期和時(shí)間

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time

2 (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;

BJ_TIME???????????? LOS_ANGLES

------------------- -------------------

2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32

40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')

給出日期date和星期x之后計(jì)算下一個(gè)星期的日期

SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;

NEXT_DAY

----------

25-5月 -01

41.SYSDATE?用來(lái)得到系統(tǒng)的當(dāng)前日期

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'

-----------------

09-05-2004 星期日

trunc(date,fmt)按照給出的要求將日期截?cái)?如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截?cái)嗝?/p>

SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,

2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;

HH????????????????? HHMM

------------------- -------------------

2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00

42.CHARTOROWID?將字符數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換為ROWID類(lèi)型

SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;

ROWID????????????? ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME

------------------ ------------------ ----------

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES

43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)將源字符串 sset從一個(gè)語(yǔ)言字符集轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個(gè)目的dset字符集

SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;

conver

------

strutz

44.HEXTORAW?將一個(gè)十六進(jìn)制構(gòu)成的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為二進(jìn)制

45.RAWTOHEXT?將一個(gè)二進(jìn)制構(gòu)成的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為十六進(jìn)制

46.ROWIDTOCHAR?將ROWID數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換為字符類(lèi)型

47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY

-------------------

2004/05/09 21:14:41

48.TO_DATE(string,'format')?將字符串轉(zhuǎn)化為ORACLE中的一個(gè)日期

49.TO_MULTI_BYTE?將字符串中的單字節(jié)字符轉(zhuǎn)化為多字節(jié)字符

SQL> select to_multi_byte('高') from dual;

高

50.TO_NUMBER

將給出的字符轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字

SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;

YEAR

---------

1999

51.BFILENAME(dir,file)指定一個(gè)外部二進(jìn)制文件

SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));

52.CONVERT('x','desc','source')?將x字段或變量的源source轉(zhuǎn)換為desc

SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,

2 0,'none',

3 2,'insert',

4 3,

5 'select',

6 6,'update',

7 7,'delete',

8 8,'drop',

9 'other') cmd from v$session where type!='background';

SID?? SERIAL# USERNAME?????????????????????? CMD

--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------

1???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none

2???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none

3???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none

4???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none

5???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none

6???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none

7????? 1275??????????????????????????????? none

8????? 1275??????????????????????????????? none

9??????? 20 GAO??????????????????????????? select

10??????? 40 GAO??????????????????????????? none

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