MariaDB

MariaDB基礎應用

1、創建testdb數據庫，并設置為默認庫

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE testdb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> use testdb Database changed MariaDB [testdb]>

2、創建學生表

2.1 創建學生表；

id字段為int整型，不使用符號，不能為空，設為主鍵； name字段為可變長字段（20字符），不能為空； age字段為最小整型（0-255），不使用符號；MariaDB [testdb]> CREATE TABLE students (id int UNSIGNED NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,age tinyint UNSIGNED);

2.2 查看學生表結構

MariaDB [testdb]> DESC students; +-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | +-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

2.3 創建tbl2表，定義兩個主鍵方法

MariaDB [testdb]> CREATE TABLE tbl2 (id int UNSIGNED NOT NULL,name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,age tinyint UNSIGNED, PRIMARY KEY(id,name)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)MariaDB [testdb]> DESC tbl2; +-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | | | age | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | +-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

3、查看student表時由哪些命令創建的

MariaDB [testdb]> SHOW CREATE TABLE students; +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | students | CREATE TABLE `students` (`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,`name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,`age` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看表狀態

MariaDB [testdb]> SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'students'\G *************************** 1. row ***************************Name: studentsEngine: InnoDBVersion: 10Row_format: CompactRows: 0Avg_row_length: 0Data_length: 16384 Max_data_length: 0Index_length: 0Data_free: 10485760Auto_increment: NULLCreate_time: 2016-08-30 15:41:41Update_time: NULLCheck_time: NULLCollation: latin1_swedish_ciChecksum: NULLCreate_options: Comment: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

獲取修改表的幫助

MariaDB [testdb]> HELP ALTER TABLE;

修改表

1、在students表里添加gender字段，并放在最后面

MariaDB [testdb]> ALTER TABLE students ADD gender ENUM('m','f'); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0MariaDB [testdb]> DESC students; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | gender | enum('m','f') | YES | | NULL | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

2、更改id字段名為sdid，需要把字段類型加上去，類型修飾符必須緊跟在類型后面；主鍵默認永久存在不需要再定義

MariaDB [testdb]> ALTER TABLE students CHANGE id sid int UNSIGNED NOT NULL; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0MariaDB [testdb]> DESC students; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | sid | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | gender | enum('m','f') | YES | | NULL | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5、刪除字段

MariaDB [testdb]> DESC stutdents-> ; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'testdb.stutdents' doesn't exist MariaDB [testdb]> DESC students; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | sid | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | gender | enum('m','f') | YES | | NULL | | | qq | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]> ALTER TABLE students DROP qq; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0MariaDB [testdb]> DESC students; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | sid | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | gender | enum('m','f') | YES | | NULL | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

6、在name字段添加唯一鍵約束

MariaDB [testdb]> ALTER TABLE students ADD UNIQUE KEY(name); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0MariaDB [testdb]> DESC students; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | sid | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | NO | UNI | NULL | | | age | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | gender | enum('m','f') | YES | | NULL | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

7、年齡字段添加索引

MariaDB [testdb]> ALTER TABLE students ADD INDEX(age); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0MariaDB [testdb]> DESC students-> ; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | sid | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | NO | UNI | NULL | | | age | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | | | gender | enum('m','f') | YES | | NULL | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)查看一個表的索引： MariaDB [testdb]> SHOW INDEXES FROM students; +----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment | +----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ | students | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | sid | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | | students | 0 | name | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | | students | 1 | age | 1 | age | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | | +----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8、刪除索引

MariaDB [testdb]> ALTER TABLE students DROP age; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0MariaDB [testdb]> SHOW INDEXES FROM students; +----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment | +----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ | students | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | sid | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | | students | 0 | name | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | +----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9、刪除索引

MariaDB [testdb]> DROP INDEX name ON students; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0MariaDB [testdb]> SHOW INDEX FROM students; +----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment | +----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ | students | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | sid | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | +----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

DML：INSET,DELETE,SELECT,UPDATE

INSERT

插入兩行數據

MariaDB [testdb]> INSERT INTO students VALUES (1,'Yang Guo','m'),(2,'Guo Xiang','f'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.07 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students; +-----+-----------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+-----------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | +-----+-----------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

gender項可以為空，再插入二行數據

MariaDB [testdb]> INSERT INTO students (sid,name) VALUES (3,'Zhang Wuji'),(4,'Zhao Min'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | | 4 | Zhao Min | NULL | +-----+------------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

SELECT

查詢整張表的內容

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | | 4 | Zhao Min | NULL | +-----+------------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查詢所有sid小于3的行

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE sid<3; +-----+-----------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+-----------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | +-----+-----------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.06 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

查看gender=m的行

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE gender='m'; +-----+----------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+----------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | +-----+----------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.05 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

顯示gender值為空的行

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE gender IS NULL; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | | 4 | Zhao Min | NULL | +-----+------------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.03 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

顯示gender值不為空的行

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE gender IS NOT NULL; +-----+-----------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+-----------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | +-----+-----------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

查找表的所有內容，并根據名字排序

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY name; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | | 4 | Zhao Min | NULL | +-----+------------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.04 sec)MariaDB [testdb]> 降序排序 MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY name DESC; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 4 | Zhao Min | NULL | | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | +-----+------------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

名字降序排序，并只顯示前兩個

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY name DESC LIMIT 2; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 4 | Zhao Min | NULL | | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | +-----+------------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)跳過第一個，顯示前兩個 MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY name DESC LIMIT 1,2; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | | 1 | Yang Guo | m | +-----+------------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

顯示SID大于等于2小于等于4的行

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE sid>=2 and sid <=4; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | | 4 | Zhao Min | NULL | +-----+------------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)第二種寫法,BETWEEN 2個值之間： MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE sid BETWEEN 2 AND 4; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | | 4 | Zhao Min | NULL | +-----+------------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

顯示name字段Z開頭的行

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE name LIKE 'Z%'; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | | 4 | Zhao Min | NULL | +-----+------------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

使用正則表達式查詢行中帶u的行；

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE name RLIKE '.*u.*'; +-----+------------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+------------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | | 3 | Zhang Wuji | NULL | +-----+------------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.04 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

用正則表達式查找前面一個大寫字母（A-G）后面帶u的行

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE name RLIKE '.*[A-G]u.*';+-----+-----------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+-----------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | +-----+-----------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

查詢整張表的內容，并將sid字段別名為stuid，將name字段別名為 stuname，

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT sid as stuid,name as stuname FROM students; +-------+------------+ | stuid | stuname | +-------+------------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | | 2 | Guo Xiang | | 3 | Zhang Wuji | | 4 | Zhao Min | +-------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

DELTE

刪除sid=3的行

MariaDB [testdb]> DELETE FROM students WEHRE sid=3; ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'WEHRE sid=3' at line 1 MariaDB [testdb]> DELETE FROM students WHERE sid=3; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)MariaDB [testdb]> MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students; +-----+-----------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+-----------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | | 4 | Zhao Min | NULL | +-----+-----------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

UPDATE

修改sid為4的gender值為f

MariaDB [testdb]> UPDATE students SET gender='f' WHERE sid=4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students; +-----+-----------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+-----------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | | 4 | Zhao Min | f | +-----+-----------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [testdb]>

創建用戶賬號

1、創建用戶

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'wpuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'wpp@ss'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT User,Host,Password FROM user; +--------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | User | Host | Password | +--------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA | | root | qq | *E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA | | root | 127.0.0.1 | *E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA | | root | ::1 | *E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA | | | localhost | | | | qq | | | wpuser | 127.0.0.1 | *E4C14E76CFB222E64362BA03BC3F5A0206E7F0E8 | | wpuser | % | *D763A435C015D6AA05A435779E5D9CB9B6266278 | +--------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)登陸測試[root@qq ~]# mysql -u wpuser -h 10.201.106.130 -p Enter password: mysql> SHOW DATABASES-> ; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

用戶權限

查看用戶權限

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'wpuser'@'%'; +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for wpuser@% | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'wpuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*D763A435C015D6AA05A435779E5D9CB9B6266278' | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]>

查看root管理員權限

顯示當前用戶權限

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER;+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Grants for root@localhost |+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA' WITH GRANT OPTION || GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER();+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Grants for root@localhost |+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA' WITH GRANT OPTION | | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]>

用戶授權

創建用戶并授權，然后遠程登錄測試

1、創建用戶并授權 MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT,DELETE ON testdb.*TO 'testuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'testpass'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> 2、登錄測試 mysql> mysql> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | test | | testdb | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> use testdb Database changed mysql> mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER; +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for testuser@% | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'testuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*00E247AC5F9AF26AE0194B41E1E769DEE1429A29' | | GRANT SELECT, DELETE ON `testdb`.* TO 'testuser'@'%' | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> 3、權限測試 mysql> CREATE TABLE tbl2 (id int); ERROR 1142 (42000): CREATE command denied to user 'testuser'@'10.201.106.129' for table 'tbl2' mysql> mysql> SELECT * FROM students; +-----+-----------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+-----------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | | 4 | Zhao Min | f | +-----+-----------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> mysql> DELETE FROM students where sid=4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)mysql> SELECT * FROM students; +-----+-----------+--------+ | sid | name | gender | +-----+-----------+--------+ | 1 | Yang Guo | m | | 2 | Guo Xiang | f | +-----+-----------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

權限回收

MariaDB [(none)]> REVOKE DELETE ON testdb.* FROM 'testuser'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'testuser'@'%'; +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for testuser@% | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'testuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*00E247AC5F9AF26AE0194B41E1E769DEE1429A29' | | GRANT SELECT ON `testdb`.* TO 'testuser'@'%' | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/zhongle21/2091445

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