會計憑證自動化

The manual work of the accountant went into oblivion. Today everyone makes machines, but, of course, controlled by a specialist. Although in our last project we have carefully worked on the topic of artificial intelligence and some accounting operations can already occur with little or no human intervention. Let's look at what systems we attracted, and what exactly was done to save time on daily routine operations.

會計的手工工作被遺忘了。 今天，每個人都制造機器，但是當然要由專家控制。 盡管在我們的上一個項目中，我們已經就人工智能這一主題進行了精心研究，并且一些會計操作已經可以在很少或沒有人工干預的情況下進行。 讓我們看一下我們吸引了哪些系統，以及為節省時間而進行的日常操作。

為什么自動化在當今的數字世界中很重要？ (Why is automation important in today's digital world?)

Accounting is conservative. The double entry is known for six centuries, warrants from the beginning of the twentieth century. And since the 90s the world has covered a wave of computerization. Let us understand what it is, considers the advantages and mechanisms of the transition from manual labor to the use of specialized applications.

會計是保守的。 從20世紀初開始，兩次進入就已有六個世紀的歷史了。 自90年代以來，世界已經掀起了一波計算機化浪潮。 讓我們了解它是什么，考慮一下從體力勞動到使用專用應用程序的轉換的優點和機制。

In the era of business contacts and lack of time, every invention becomes valuable, allowing making better interaction with the client. This is not only a real saving of time but also the quality and clarity of the execution of tasks.

在業務聯系和時間緊缺的時代，每一項發明都變得有價值，從而可以與客戶進行更好的互動。 這不僅可以真正節省時間，而且可以確保任務執行的質量和清晰度。

How many customers do companies have today? Hundreds, thousands? And if you need to work with several? Often it is, but is there enough time for a modern person to process hundreds and thousands of clients in a matter of days or even hours?

公司今天有多少客戶？ 幾百個？ 如果您需要與幾個工作？ 通常是這樣，但是現代人是否有足夠的時間在幾天甚至幾小時內處理成千上萬的客戶？

The most effective way of keeping financial statements is automation. Enterprises of any size can implement such a system both with the involvement of third parties and independently.

保持財務報表最有效的方法是自動化。 任何規模的企業都可以在第三方的參與下和獨立地實施這樣的系統。

什么是會計自動化？ (What is accounting automation?)

Automated accounting involves the transfer of part of the functions from human to technology, including:

自動化會計涉及將部分功能從人轉移到技術，包括：

• carrying out mathematical calculations (calculation of taxes and fees, totals);
  進行數學計算(稅費的計算，總計)；
• creating samples and summary reports;
  創建樣本和摘要報告；
• storage of information (directories, journals);
  信息存儲(目錄，期刊)；
• filling in forms (invoices)
  填寫表格(發票)

Assigning the above tasks to the equipment does not mean that the role of the specialist has been devalued. On the contrary, the load on it increases, it decides on the way operations are reflected in the system, carries out analytical and control procedures, performs the primary registration of documents in the database.

將上述任務分配給設備并不意味著專家的作用已被貶低。 相反，它的負擔增加了，它決定了操作在系統中的反映方式，執行了分析和控制程序，對數據庫中的文檔進行了初次注冊。

Accounting automation is accounting in the enterprise with the use of information technology and can be local when a specific area of accounting is covered and complete or complex when automation of all sections of the enterprise’s accounting covered.

會計自動化是企業中使用信息技術的會計，當涉及到特定的會計領域時，會計自動化可以是本地的；如果涵蓋企業會計的所有部分的自動化，則會計自動化可以是完整的或復雜的。

Automation gives the manager the opportunity to determine quickly:

自動化使經理有機會快速確定：

• the largest debtor;
  最大的債務人；
• how much money should be received;
  應該收到多少錢；
• free company finances;
  免費的公司財務；
• the ability to timely make the necessary payments;
  及時付款的能力；
• current sales dynamics;
  當前的銷售動態；

• trends in arrears, etc.

  欠款趨勢等

  誰需要會計自動化？ (Who needs accounting automation?)

Without a computer, only micro-enterprises are allowed, who are permitted by law to submit paper reports. Other economic entities are required to digitize the data. As a result, even medium and small firms at least partially use computers in accounting.

沒有計算機，只允許微型企業，法律允許他們提交紙質報告。 還需要其他經濟實體將數據數字化。 結果，即使是中小型公司，也至少部分使用計算機進行會計處理。

Managers and owners, thanks to technology, know the state of finances, the number of goods in warehouses, current revenue. Business and settlement transactions are tracked in real time. Regular asset control minimizes the likelihood of abuse. The variants of grouping, sampling, multistage sorting of information increase many times, advanced features improve the quality of management decisions.

借助技術，經理和業主可以了解財務狀況，倉庫中的商品數量以及當前收入。 實時跟蹤業務和結算交易。 定期資產控制將濫用的可能性降到最低。 分組，采樣，信息的多階段排序的變體增加了很多倍，高級功能提高了管理決策的質量。

Accountants are exempt from routine mathematical operations, filling out forms and drawing up statements. The time is increased for carrying out control checks, advanced training, and interaction with contractors.

會計師無需進行常規的數學運算，填寫表格和草擬報表。 進行控制檢查，高級培訓以及與承包商互動的時間增加了。

Employees within a few minutes receive information and extracts from the financial, economic and personnel services.

幾分鐘之內，員工就會收到信息，財務，經濟和人事服務摘要。

Well-established workflow eliminates production downtime or delayed shipment from the warehouse due to the long preparation of invoices and bills. Signed by electronic signature acts and invoices reach customers in moments instead of several days.

完善的工作流程消除了由于停機準備發票和賬單而導致的生產停工或倉庫延遲發貨。 通過電子簽名法案和發票進行簽名的瞬間(而不是幾天)就會到達客戶。

Even sent a few minutes before the end of the day, reports are accepted in the tax offices or funds, and fines for late filing are not assigned.

即使是在一天結束前幾分鐘發送的報告，也將在稅務局或基金中接受報告，并且不會分配滯納金。

會計自動化轉移階段 (Accounting automation transfer stages)

Modern technology is expensive. However, not only because of the price, their choice should be approached responsibly. Changing the application from one to another leads to unplanned spending of money and effort, brings serious discomfort to the team. The transition period is fraught with errors, the consequences of which are penalties or unjustified overpayments to the budget.

現代技術很昂貴。 但是，不僅因為價格高昂，還應該負責任地選擇他們。 從一個應用程序到另一個應用程序的更改會導致計劃外的金錢和精力投入，給團隊帶來嚴重的不適感。 過渡時期充滿了錯誤，其后果是罰款或對預算的不合理多付。

To avoid problems, the introduction of innovations occurs in stages:

為了避免出現問題，創新的引入分階段進行：

Analysis of the need for automation, performed by its own or attracted auditor.

由其自身或受聘的審核員執行的自動化需求分析。

Accounting optimization is performed by its own or attracted highly qualified accountant to prevent existing errors from entering the system.

會計優化由其自己或吸引的高素質會計人員執行，以防止現有錯誤進入系統。

The choice of scales determines the area and sequence in which the automation of accounting sections will be carried out.

比例的選擇決定了會計科目自動化的范圍和順序。

Formulation of the problem.

問題的提法。

The choice of software and hardware.

軟件和硬件的選擇。

System implementation.

系統實施。

Training.

訓練。

Experienced testing and timely system update.

經驗豐富的測試和及時的系統更新。

第一階段：信息收集和系統化 (Stage first: information collection and systematization)

Studied intra-acts:

研究行為：

• accounting policy;
  會計政策；
• chart of accounts;
  會計科目表；
• job descriptions of employees involved in the processes (including storekeepers, personnel officers, suppliers, representatives of the sales department).
  參與流程的員工的工作描述(包括店員，人事官員，供應商，銷售部門的代表)。

The procedure and mechanisms for processing documentation are analyzed:

分析了處理文檔的過程和機制：

• workflow schedule;
  工作流程時間表；
• routes of information;
  信息途徑；
• distribution of official duties.
  分配公務。

The conducted training reveals the scale of the upcoming update, which services need a common base, and which ones are autonomous, whether to stop at the local version or the interaction takes place in the network mode. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the workflow. The decision is made to reorganize the state or to preserve the existing structure.

進行的培訓揭示了即將進行的更新的規模，哪些服務需要一個公共基礎，哪些服務是自主的，無論是停止在本地版本還是在網絡模式下進行交互。 確定工作流的優點和缺點。 決定重組國家或保留現有結構。

The developers of relational databases characterize the listed steps as an optimization.

關系數據庫的開發人員將列出的步驟描述為一種優化。

第二階段：起草技術規范 (Stage second: drawing up a technical specification)

After the generalization and analysis of data, the manager formulates the terms of reference.

在對數據進行歸納和分析之后，經理制定了職權范圍。

It is finally approved:

最終被批準：

• the structure of accounting (positions and functionality);
  會計結構(職位和職能)；
• list and features of the generated documents and registers (it is recommended to adhere to OKUD to facilitate the tasks of programmers);
  生成的文檔和寄存器的列表和功能(建議遵守OKUD，以方便程序員執行任務)；
• the scale of computerization (within a single unit or in a complex, affecting all production units);
  計算機化的規模(在一個單元內或在一個復雜的單元內，影響到所有生產單元)；
• The allocated budget, taking into account the subsequent service.
  分配的預算，考慮到后續服務。

An important component is the development of classifiers and coding methods. A competent approach to this issue minimizes the risks of duplication of positions and clogging of analytical reports.

一個重要的組成部分是分類器和編碼方法的發展。 解決此問題的有效方法可以最大程度地減少職位重復和分析報告阻塞的風險。

For example, twice the name of the material entered into the database can confuse the inventory, distort the number of material costs. The repetition in the directory of the counterparty overstates the receivables and payables, complicates the reconciliation of settlements.

例如，輸入數據庫的物料名稱的兩倍會混淆庫存，從而使物料成本的數量失真。 對手方目錄中的重復夸大了應收款和應付賬款，使結算的對帳變得復雜。

第三階段：軟件選擇 (Stage third: software selection)

After all, search and purchase the software. Defining criteria for this:

畢竟，搜索并購買軟件。 定義標準：

• the cost of the purchase, implementation, and maintenance;
  購買，實施和維護的成本；
• compatibility with the installed operating system;
  與已安裝操作系統的兼容性；
• the possibility and cost of staff training;
  人員培訓的可能性和費用；
• representation of service companies in the region;
  該地區服務公司的代表；
• meet the needs of users;
  滿足用戶需求；
• technical parameters of the existing equipment;
  現有設備的技術參數；

• availability of network and local versions.

  網絡和本地版本的可用性。

  引入會計自動化系統的好處 (Benefits of introducing accounting automation systems)

Automation of accounting at the enterprise greatly facilitates the work of accountants and makes it possible to:

企業會計的自動化極大地促進了會計工作，并使得：

• receive information in different cuts;
  以不同的方式接收信息；
• reduce the number of errors caused by human factors;
  減少人為因素造成的錯誤數量；
• increase the cost-effectiveness of accounting due to optimization;
  通過優化提高會計的成本效益；
• automate typical operations;
  自動執行典型操作；
• to increase the labor productivity of accountants;
  提高會計師的勞動生產率；
• keep records following several standards;
  遵循以下幾個標準進行記錄；
• automate routine actions;
  自動執行常規操作；
• eliminate arithmetic errors;
  消除算術錯誤；
• analyze the current situation and its prospects;
  分析目前的狀況及其前景；
• eliminate loss or leakage of information;
  消除信息的丟失或泄漏；
• more effectively manage financial flows;
  更有效地管理資金流量；
• timely adapt to changes in legislation and reporting standards;
  及時適應立法和報告標準的變化；
• ensure transparency of reporting.
  確保報告的透明度。

引入會計自動化系統的錯誤 (Errors of introducing accounting automation systems)

Automation of accounting may cause losses in the enterprise or not bring economic effect if the following problems have not been solved at the initial stages of implementation:

如果在實施的初始階段未解決以下問題，會計自動化可能會給企業造成損失或不會帶來經濟影響：

• redundancy requirements, an attempt to automate every action complicates the implementation and operation of the system;
  冗余要求，使每個動作自動化的嘗試使系統的實現和操作復雜化；
• frequent change of reporting and taxation norms, the chosen system should be flexible enough to take into account external changes;
  經常更改報告和稅收規范，所選系統應具有足夠的靈活性以考慮外部變化；
• insufficiently qualified personnel, automation will be effective only if the company's accounting staff is trained accordingly;
  人員素質不足，只有對公司的會計人員進行了相應的培訓，自動化才有效；
• data transfer, historical data to be entered into the system must be correctly defined;
  數據傳輸時，必須正確定義要輸入系統的歷史數據；
• support of the implemented system, it is necessary to ensure timely updating of the system;
  為支持已實施的系統，有必要確保系統的及時更新；

• “pseudo-automation”, without optimization, before implementation, accounting actions can be performed as previously on paper, and then additionally entered into the program.

  在實現之前，無需優化即可實現“偽自動化”，可以像以前在紙上一樣執行記帳操作，然后將其附加輸入程序中。

  我們正在使用什么系統？ (With what systems we are work with?)

  Today, we are focused on cooperation with the northern markets of Europe, and we are actively developing automated accounting solutions and continue to expand the cooperation map. We work productively with the following accounting systems:

  今天，我們致力于與歐洲北部市場的合作，并且我們正在積極開發自動化會計解決方案，并繼續擴大合作范圍。 我們使用以下會計系統進行高效的工作：

  網絡管理員 (Netvisor)

  The Norwegian company Visma Group consists of five business areas: SMB, Enterprise, Commerce Solutions, Custom Solutions and Cloud Infrastructure Services. Netvisor is one of the accounting systems owned by the company and occupying a leading position in the entire Northern region, as well as in the Benelux countries, Central and Eastern Europe.

  挪威公司Visma Group包含五個業務領域：SMB，企業，商務解決方案，自定義解決方案和云基礎架構服務。 Netvisor是公司擁有的會計系統之一，在整個北部地區以及比荷盧經濟聯盟國家，中歐和東歐處于領先地位。

  Thanks to the Netvisor system, customers can:

  借助Netvisor系統，客戶可以：

  • make their own billing online;
    在線進行自己的結算；
  • automate accounts and banking transactions with updates right in the ledger;
    通過分類賬中的更新使賬戶和銀行交易自動化；
  • leave billing directly to the Netvisor team;
    將帳單直接交給Netvisor團隊；
  • service VIP clients using the Netvisor team;
    使用Netvisor團隊為VIP客戶提供服務；
  • collect debts with the help of the Netvisor team, etc.
    在Netvisor團隊等的幫助下收集債務

  Visma eAccounting (Visma eAccounting)

  Another solution from the Norwegian company Visma Group. Visma eAccounting online accounting solution that helps small businesses start, work and grow as a professional.

  挪威公司Visma Group的另一種解決方案。 Visma eAccounting在線會計解決方案可幫助小型企業以專業人士的身份開始，工作和發展。

  The service allows us to work on autopilot, automate manual transactions and standardize processes. Also verify banking transactions and be aware of what needs to be communicated and when. Visma eAccounting allows you to simplify bookkeeping with booking offers, scanning receipts from a mobile phone, registering invoices and vendor receipts.

  該服務使我們能夠進行自動駕駛，自動執行手動交易和標準化流程。 還要驗證銀行交易，并知道需要傳達什么信息以及何時傳達信息。 通過Visma eAccounting，您可以通過預訂報價，掃描來自手機的收據，注冊發票和供應商收據來簡化簿記。

  Thanks to the system, you can send bills from your mobile phone and be sure that they will be received instantly and safely. Get paid faster with automatic invoice processing. Visma eAccounting allows you to use intelligent mobile applications to track expenses, send invoices and track business, regardless of location.

  借助該系統，您可以從手機發送賬單，并確保立即安全地收到賬單。 通過自動發票處理更快地獲得付款。 Visma eAccounting允許您使用智能移動應用程序來跟蹤費用，發送發票和跟蹤業務，而不論其位置在哪里。

  Visma eAccounting creates payroll without manual calculations and sends them directly to the mobile phone of employees, automatically calculates taxes and maintains automatic reporting to the authorities.

  Visma eAccounting無需人工計算即可創建工資單，并將其直接發送到員工的手機，自動計算稅款并保持自動向當局報告。

  Fortnox (Fortnox)

  The Swedish accounting company Fortnox is one of the leaders in the region and today we are on the way of partnership and the development of ready-made solutions for the company's customers. The company itself is focused on solving simple and effective administration and financing issues using cloud platforms. Every day, Fortnox challenges the old, inefficient methods of work and replaces them with intelligent and automated solutions.

  瑞典會計公司Fortnox是該地區的領導者之一，今天，我們正在建立合作伙伴關系，并為公司的客戶開發現成的解決方案。 該公司本身致力于使用云平臺解決簡單有效的管理和融資問題。 每天，Fortnox都會挑戰舊的，低效的工作方法，并用智能和自動化的解決方案代替它們。

  In addition to popular solutions such as Billing, Accounting, Inventory, Payroll and Expense Management, these are also hundreds of industry solutions from other suppliers that are integrated into the Fortnox platform.

  除了流行的解決方案，例如賬單，會計，庫存，薪資和費用管理，這些還包括來自其他供應商的數百種行業解決方案，這些解決方案已集成到Fortnox平臺中。

  The system can connect, integrate with various types of programs and services, such as cash registers, online stores, workflow systems. The smartest thing is that everything that is being done is available everywhere and always, on the same platform. It is ideal when you have the opportunity to work and travel and work through the Fortnox application on mobile phone.

  該系統可以連接各種類型的程序和服務，并與之集成，例如收銀機，在線商店，工作流系統。 最聰明的是，所做的一切都可以在同一平臺上隨時隨地使用。 當您有機會通過手機上的Fortnox應用程序工作，旅行和工作時，它是理想的選擇。

  親人 (Procountor)

  Finago is the leading Finnish financial management software provider. The company offers clients cloud-based financial management software and related services under a single agreement.

  Finago是芬蘭領先的財務管理軟件提供商。 該公司通過單一協議為客戶提供基于云的財務管理軟件和相關服務。

  The company's products, Procountor and Tikon, are convenient and effective tools, also ideal for demanding professional use. The Procountor system is already used by more than a thousand companies and accounting bureaus because: Procountor offers convenient, comprehensive and evolving financial management software.

  Procountor和Tikon是該公司的產品，是便捷有效的工具，也是要求苛刻的專業用途的理想選擇。 Procountor系統已被一千多家公司和會計機構使用，原因是：Procountor提供了方便，全面和不斷發展的財務管理軟件。

  Cloud digital finance management supports collaboration between the client company and the accounting department. Updated financial data helps SMEs succeed. Provides free customer service.

  云數字財務管理支持客戶公司與會計部門之間的協作。 更新的財務數據可幫助中小企業成功。 提供免費的客戶服務。

  Finago is a pioneer in digital financial management. The company helps businesses and bookkeeping manage their finances easily, reliably, and efficiently by providing them with excellent financial management software. Finago position that digitalization makes financial management more modern, flexible and efficient, thereby providing companies with a new kind of added value.

  Finago是數字財務管理的先驅。 該公司通過為他們提供出色的財務管理軟件，幫助他們輕松，可靠，高效地管理企業和簿記。 Finago認為數字化可以使財務管理更加現代化，靈活和高效，從而為公司提供新型的增值服務。

  摘要 (Summary)

  Automation is the answer to the increasing competition and the widespread proliferation of computer technology. Bank, tax, Pension Fund accept documents on digital media or via the Internet. Suppliers and buyers rush to provide documentation.

  自動化是日益激烈的競爭和計算機技術廣泛傳播的答案。 銀行，稅務，退休金基金可以通過數字媒體或互聯網接受文件。 供應商和買家急于提供文件。

  Computerization of finance and management becomes a security issue. Only prompt registration of all business facts and transparent accounting provide an adequate level of control, as well as flexibility in making management decisions.

  財務和管理的計算機化已成為安全問題。 只有Swift注冊所有業務事實并進行透明的會計核算，才能提供足夠的控制權，并提供制定管理決策的靈活性。

  Now we are on the way of obtaining partner expertise with Fortnox and Netvisor companies, which means that we can offer not only wholly new individual developments but also ready-made solutions for automation and optimal work of specialists in companies with hierarchies of any level of complexity.

  現在，我們正在尋求與Fortnox和Netvisor公司的合作伙伴專業知識的途徑，這意味著我們不僅可以提供全新的個人開發產品，還可以為自動化解決方案和現成的解決方案提供現成的解決方案，以解決各種層次結構的公司中專家的自動化問題。

翻譯自: https://habr.com/en/post/500682/

會計憑證自動化

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