python字典基础知识点
字典增改刪查
a={‘name’:‘小紅’,‘age’:‘25’,‘address’:‘北京’}
print(a[‘name’]) #查找鍵值對
a[‘sex’]=‘女’ #增加鍵值對
print(a)
a[‘age’]=‘18’ #修改鍵值對
print(a)
del a[‘sex’] #刪除鍵值對
print(a)
a.pop(‘name’) #刪除鍵值對,但返回刪除的值,print(a.pop(‘name’))輸出為name
print(a)
a.clear() #清空字典
print(a)
pop默認彈出最后一個
a={‘name’:‘小紅’,‘age’:‘25’,‘address’:‘北京’}
print(a.popitem())
print(a)
dict():
a=dict(name='張三',age='23',address='北京') print(a) print(a['sex']) #報錯,KeyError1 2 3范圍
a=[1,2]
print(a[0],a[1])
print(a[2]) #超出范圍,報錯
a.get用法:
a=dict(name=‘張三’,age=‘23’,address=‘北京’)
print(a.get(‘name’))
print(a.get(‘sex’)) #沒有key,輸出None
print(a.get(‘sex’,‘男’)) #沒有的key值,a,get添加的值為默認值進行輸出
print(a.get(‘name’,‘李四’)) #有key值,輸出原值,不改變
print(a)
a=dict(name=‘張三’,age=‘23’,address=‘北京’)
print(a)
print(a.keys()) #輸出所有key
輸出鍵,值,鍵值對
a=dict(name=‘張三’,age=‘23’,address=‘北京’)
for key in a.keys():
print(key) #輸出鍵
print(key,a[key]) #輸出鍵值對
for v in a.values():
print(v) #輸出值
字典用元組表示出來并進行輸出:
a={‘name’:‘小紅’,‘age’:‘25’,‘address’:‘北京’}
print(a.items()) #每組用元組表示出來
for k,v in a.items():
print(k,v)
for item in a.items():
k,v=item
print(k,v)
例題:
展開字典中的字典,去掉‘:’
a={
‘001’:{‘name’:‘lilei’,‘age’:‘23’,‘address’:‘China’},
‘002’:{‘name’:‘zhang’,‘age’:‘43’,‘address’:‘American’},
‘003’:{‘name’:‘lishi’,‘age’:‘67’,‘address’:‘England’},
}
for i in a.keys():
print(i,end=’ ‘)
for k in a[i].keys():
print(k,a[i][k],end=’ ')
print()
items寫法:
for k,v in a.items():
print(k,end=’ ‘)
for k1,v1 in v.items():
print(k1,v1,end=’ ')
print()
將地址為China的序號加上‘house’=10000
a={
‘001’:{‘name’:‘lilei’,‘age’:‘23’,‘address’:‘China’},
‘002’:{‘name’:‘zhang’,‘age’:‘43’,‘address’:‘American’},
‘003’:{‘name’:‘lishi’,‘age’:‘67’,‘address’:‘England’},
‘004’:{‘name’:‘liliu’,‘age’:‘27’,‘address’:‘China’},
‘005’:{‘name’:‘ming1’,‘age’:‘61’,‘address’:‘England’},
}
for i in a.keys():
if a[i][‘address’]==‘China’:
a[i][‘house’]=10000
#print(a)
for k,v in a.items():
print(k,v)
總結
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