分区表需要数据备份吗oracle,Oracle 分区表数据的导入与导出(1)
--****************************
-- 導入導出 Oracle 分區表數據
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導入導入Oracle 分區表數據是Oracle DBA 經常完成的任務之一。分區表的導入導出同樣普通表的導入導出方式，只不過導入導出需要考
慮到分區的特殊性，如分區索引，將分區遷移到普通表，或使用原始分區表導入到新的分區表。下面將描述使用imp/exp，impdp/expdp導入導出
分區表數據。
有關分區表的特性請參考：
有關導入導出工具請參考：
有關導入導出的官方文檔請參考：
一、分區級別的導入導出
可以導出一個或多個分區，也可以導出所有分區(即整個表)。
可以導入所有分區(即整個表)，一個或多個分區以及子分區。
對于已經存在數據的表，使用imp導入時需要使用參數IGNORE=y，而使用impdp，加table_exists_action=append | replace 參數。
二、創建演示環境
1.查看當前數據庫的版本
SQL> select * from v$version where rownum < 2;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
2.創建一個分區表
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd';
SQL> CREATE TABLE tb_pt (
sal_date DATE NOT NULL,
sal_id NUMBER NOT NULL,
sal_row NUMBER(12) NOT NULL)
partition by range(sal_date)
(
partition sal_11 values less than(to_date('2012-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,
partition sal_12 values less than(to_date('2013-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,
partition sal_13 values less than(to_date('2014-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,
partition sal_14 values less than(to_date('2015-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,
partition sal_15 values less than(to_date('2016-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,
partition sal_16 values less than(to_date('2017-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,
partition sal_other values less than (maxvalue)
) nologging;
3.創建一個唯一索引
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tb_pt_ind1
ON tb_pt(sal_date) nologging;
4.為分區表生成數據
SQL> INSERT INTO tb_pt
SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ROWNUM, dbms_random.random, ROWNUM
FROM dual
CONNECT BY LEVEL<=5000;
SQL> commit;
SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_11);
COUNT(1)
----------
300
SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_other);
COUNT(1)
----------
2873
SQL> select * from tb_pt partition(sal_12) where rownum < 3;
SAL_DATE SAL_ID SAL_ROW
--------- ---------- ----------
01-JAN-12 -1.356E+09 301
02-JAN-12 -761530183 302
三、使用exp/imp導出導入分區表數據
1.導出整個分區表
[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.log' tables=tb_pt
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:52:18 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing o
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table TB_PT
. . exporting partition SAL_11 300 rows exported
. . exporting partition SAL_12 366 rows exported
. . exporting partition SAL_13 365 rows exported
. . exporting partition SAL_14 365 rows exported
. . exporting partition SAL_15 365 rows exported
. . exporting partition SAL_16 366 rows exported
. . exporting partition SAL_OTHER 2873 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
Export terminated successfully with warnings.
[oracle@node1 ~]$ oerr exp 00091
00091, 00000, "Exporting questionable statistics."
// *Cause: Export was able export statistics, but the statistics may not be
// usuable. The statistics are questionable because one or more of
// the following happened during export: a row error occurred, client
// character set or NCHARSET does not match with the server, a query
// clause was specified on export, only certain partitions or
// subpartitions were exported, or a fatal error occurred while
// processing a table.
// *Action: To export non-questionable statistics, change the client character
// set or NCHARSET to match the server, export with no query clause,
// export complete tables. If desired, import parameters can be
// supplied so that only non-questionable statistics will be imported,
// and all questionable statistics will be recalculated.
在上面的導出中出現了錯誤提示，即EXP-00091，該錯誤表明exp工具所在的環境變量中的NLS_LANG與DB中的NLS_CHARACTERSET不一致
盡管該錯誤對最終的數據并無影響，但調整該參數來避免異常還是有必要的。因此需要將其設置為一致即可解決上述的錯誤提示。
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG='AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK'
經過上述設置之后再次導出正常，過程略。
2.導出單個分區
[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.log' tables=tb_pt:sal_16
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:52:38 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing o
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table TB_PT
. . exporting partition SAL_16 366 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
Export terminated successfully with warnings
在上面的導出過程中再次出現了統計信息錯誤的情況，因此采取了對該對象收集統計信息，但并不能解決該錯誤，但在exp命令行中增
加statistics=none即可，如下：
[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.log' /
> tables=tb_pt:sal_16 statistics=none
如果要導出多個分區，則在tables參數中增加分區數。如：tables=(tb_pt:sal_15,tb_pt:sal_16)
3.使用imp工具生成創建分區表的DDL語句
[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt indexfile='/u02/dmp/cr_tb_pt.sql' /
> file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' ignore=y
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:54:38 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing o
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_11"
. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_12"
. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_13"
. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_14"
. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_15"
. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16"
. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER"
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
4.導入單個分區(使用先前備份的單個分區導入文件)
SQL> alter table tb_pt truncate partition sal_16; --導入前先將分區實現truncate
Table truncated.
SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_16);
COUNT(1)
----------
0
SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt:sal_16 file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' ignore=y
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:55:39 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing o
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16"
IMP-00058: ORACLE error 1502 encountered
ORA-01502: index 'SCOTT.TB_PT_IND1' or partition of such index is in unusable state
Import terminated successfully with warnings.
收到了ORA-01502錯誤，下面查看索引的狀態，并對其重建索引后再執行導入
SQL> select index_name ,status from dba_indexes where table_name='TB_PT'; --查看索引的狀態
INDEX_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ --------
TB_PT_IND1 UNUSABLE
SQL> alter index TB_PT_IND1 rebuild online; --重建索引
Index altered.
SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt:sal_16 file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' ignore=y --再次導入成功
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:56:15 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing o
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16" 366 rows imported
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
SQL> select count(*) from tb_pt partition(sal_16);
COUNT(*)
----------
366
總結
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