Chapter?2

：

Phonology

音韻學(xué)

I.?Decide?whether?each?of?the?following?statements?is?True?or?False:

1.?Voicing?is?a?phonological?feature?that?distinguishes?meaning?in?both?Chinese?and?English.

2.2.?If?two?phonetically?similar?sounds?occur?in?the?same?environments?and?they?distinguish?meani

ng,?they?are?said?to?be?in?complementary?distribution.

3.???3.?A?phone?is?a?phonetic?unit?that?distinguishes?meaning.

4.4.?English?is?a?tone?language?while?Chinese?is?not.

5.?5.?In?linguistic?evolution,?speech?is?prior?to?writing.

6.?In?everyday?communication,?speech?plays?a?greater?role?than?writing?in?terms?of?the?amount?of?i

nformation?conveyed.

7.?Articulatory?phonetics?tries?to?describe?the?physical?properties?of?the?stream?of?sounds?which?a?s

peaker?issues?with?the?help?of?a?machine?called?spectrograph.

8.?The?articulatory?apparatus?of?a?human?being?are?contained?in?three?important?areas:?the?throat,?t

he?mouth?and?the?chest.

9.?Vibration?of?the?vocal?cords?results?in?a?quality?of?speech?sounds?called?voicing.

10.?English?consonants?can?be?classified?in?terms?of?place?of?articulation?and?the?part?of?the?tongu

e?that?is?raised?the?highest.

11.?According?to?the?manner?of?articulation,?some?of?the?types?into?which?the?consonants?can?be?cl

assified?are?stops,?fricatives,?bilabial?and?alveolar.

12.?V

owel?sounds?can?be?differentiated?by?a?number?of?factors:?the?position?of?tongue?in?the?mouth

,?the?openness?of?the?mouth,?the?shape?of?the?lips,?and?the?length?of?the?vowels.

13.?According?to?the?shape?of?the?lips,?vowels?can?be?classified?into?close?vowels,?semi-close?vo

wels,?semi-open?vowels?and?open?vowels.

14.?Any?sound?produced?by?a?human?being?is?a?phoneme.

15.?15.?Phones?are?the?sounds?that?can?distinguish?meaning.

16.?Phonology?is?concerned?with?how?the?sounds?can?be?classified?into?different?categories.

17.?17.??A?basic?way?to?determine?the?phonemes?of?a?language?is?to?see?if?substituting?one?sound?fo

r?another?results?in?a?change?of?meaning.

18.??When?two?different?forms?are?identical?in?every?way?except?for?one?sound?segment?which?occ

urs?in?the?same?place?in?the?strings,?the?two?words?are?said?to?form?a?phonemic?contrast.

19.?19.?The?rules?governing?the?phonological?patterning?are?language?specific.

20.??Distinctive?features?of?sound?segments?can?be?found?running?over?a?sequence?of?two?or?more

phonemic?segments.

III.?There?are?four?choices?following?each?of?the?statements?below.?Mark?the?choice?that?can?best?c

omplete?the?statement:

35

．

Of?all?the?speech?organs,?the?_______?is/?are?the?most?flexible.

36

．

A.?mouth???B.?lips???C.?tongue???D.?vocal?cords

36.The?sounds?produced?without?the?vocal?cords?vibrating?are?____?sounds.

A.?voiceless????B.?voiced????C.?vowel?????D.?consonantal

37

．

__________?is?a?voiced?alveolar?stop.??A.?/z/????????B.?/d/??????C.?/k/????D./b/

38

．

The?assimilation?rule?assimilates?one?sound?to?another?by

“

copying

”

a?feature?of?a?sequent

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