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BGP小实验——选路不困难，只要有方法

發布時間：2024/2/28 编程问答 33 豆豆

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BGP小實驗——選路不困難，只要有方法

前言
一、需求
二、命令
- 1、先配置基礎命令，完成全網通
- - R1
  - R2
  - R3
  - R4
  - R5
- 2、查看BGP路由表
- - R1
  - R4
- 3、擇路（我們用兩種方式）
- - R1
  - R3
- 4、刷新下BGP，再次查看擇路結果
- - R1
  - R4
  - 5、結論

前言

一、需求

全網通
R1到R4走R3
R4到R1走R3

二、命令

1、先配置基礎命令，完成全網通

R1

<Huawei>u t m Info: Current terminal monitor is off. <Huawei>sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]int g0/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.1 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.0.0.1 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loop 0 [Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32 [Huawei-LoopBack0]q [Huawei]ip route-static 2.2.2.2 32 12.0.0.2 [Huawei]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 13.0.0.3 [Huawei]bgp 100 [Huawei-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1 [Huawei-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 200 [Huawei-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 200 [Huawei-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 ebgp-max-hop 2 [Huawei-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 ebgp-max-hop 2 [Huawei-bgp]net 1.1.1.1 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 2.2.2.2 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 3.3.3.3 32 [Huawei-bgp]q [Huawei]ping -a 1.1.1.1 5.5.5.5PING 5.5.5.5: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=30 msReply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=20 msReply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=30 msReply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=40 msReply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=30 ms--- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 20/30/40 ms

R2

<Huawei>u t m Info: Current terminal monitor is off. <Huawei>sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]int g0/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 24.0.0.2 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loop0 [Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32 [Huawei-LoopBack0]q [Huawei]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 12.0.0.1 [Huawei]ospf [Huawei-ospf-1]area 0 [Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 [Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 24.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 [Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q [Huawei-ospf-1]q [Huawei]bgp 200 [Huawei-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2 [Huawei-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 as-number 100 [Huawei-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 200 [Huawei-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 200 [Huawei-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 ebgp-max-hop 2 [Huawei-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local [Huawei-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 next-hop-local [Huawei-bgp]net 1.1.1.1 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 2.2.2.2 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 3.3.3.3 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 4.4.4.4 32

R3

<Huawei>u t m Info: Current terminal monitor is off. <Huawei>sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]int g0/0/1 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.0.0.3 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loop0 [Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32 [Huawei-LoopBack0]q [Huawei]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 13.0.0.1 [Huawei]ospf [Huawei-ospf-1]area 0 [Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 [Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 [Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q [Huawei-ospf-1]q [Huawei]bgp 200 [Huawei-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3 [Huawei-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 as-number 100 [Huawei-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 200 [Huawei-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 200 [Huawei-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 ebgp-max-hop 2 [Huawei-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 next-hop-local [Huawei-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 next-hop-local [Huawei-bgp]net 1.1.1.1 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 2.2.2.2 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 3.3.3.3 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 4.4.4.4 32

R4

<Huawei>u t m Info: Current terminal monitor is off. <Huawei>sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]int g0/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 24.0.0.4 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 45.0.0.4 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loop0 [Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32 [Huawei-LoopBack0]q [Huawei]ip route-static 5.5.5.5 32 45.0.0.5 [Huawei]ospf [Huawei-ospf-1]area 0 [Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 [Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 [Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 24.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 [Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q [Huawei-ospf-1]q [Huawei]bgp 200 [Huawei-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4 [Huawei-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 200 [Huawei-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 200 [Huawei-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 as-number 300 [Huawei-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 next-hop-local [Huawei-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local [Huawei-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 ebgp-max-hop 2 [Huawei-bgp]net 2.2.2.2 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 3.3.3.3 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 4.4.4.4 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 5.5.5.5 32

R5

<Huawei>u t m Info: Current terminal monitor is off. <Huawei>sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]int g 0/0/2 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 45.0.0.5 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loop0 [Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 32 [Huawei-LoopBack0]q [Huawei]ip route-static 4.4.4.4 32 45.0.0.4 [Huawei]bgp 300 [Huawei-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5 [Huawei-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 200 [Huawei-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0 [Huawei-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 ebgp-max-hop 2 [Huawei-bgp]net 4.4.4.4 32 [Huawei-bgp]net 5.5.5.5 32

2、查看BGP路由表

R1

[Huawei]dis bgp routing-table BGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 13Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i* 2.2.2.2 0 0 200i* 3.3.3.3 0 0 200i*> 2.2.2.2/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i* 3.3.3.3 2 0 200i2.2.2.2 0 0 200i*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i* 2.2.2.2 2 0 200i3.3.3.3 0 0 200i*> 4.4.4.4/32 2.2.2.2 1 0 200i* 3.3.3.3 1 0 200i*> 5.5.5.5/32 2.2.2.2 0 200i* 3.3.3.3 0 200i

R4

[Huawei]dis bgp routing-table BGP Local router ID is 4.4.4.4 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 14Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn*>i 1.1.1.1/32 2.2.2.2 0 100 0 i* i 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 i*> 2.2.2.2/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i* i 3.3.3.3 2 100 0 ii 2.2.2.2 0 100 0 i*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i* i 2.2.2.2 2 100 0 ii 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 i*> 4.4.4.4/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i* i 2.2.2.2 1 100 0 i* i 3.3.3.3 1 100 0 i* 5.5.5.5 0 0 300i*> 5.5.5.5/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i5.5.5.5 0 0 300i

這時候，我們可以看到，從R1到R4走的是R2，R4到R1走的也是R2，我們需要擇路。

3、擇路（我們用兩種方式）

R1

[Huawei]route-policy as permit node 10 Info: New Sequence of this List. [Huawei-route-policy]apply as-path 123 123 additive [Huawei-route-policy]q [Huawei]bgp 100 [Huawei-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 route-policy as import [Huawei-bgp]q [Huawei]q <Huawei>refresh bgp all import

R3

[Huawei]route-policy lop permit node 10 Info: New Sequence of this List. [Huawei-route-policy]apply local-preference 222 [Huawei-route-policy]q [Huawei]bgp 200 [Huawei-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 route-policy lop export [Huawei-bgp]q [Huawei]q <Huawei>refresh bgp all export

4、刷新下BGP，再次查看擇路結果

R1

<Huawei>dis bgp routing-table BGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 13Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i* 3.3.3.3 0 0 200i* 2.2.2.2 0 0 123 123 20 0i*> 2.2.2.2/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i* 3.3.3.3 2 0 200i2.2.2.2 0 0 123 123 20 0i*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i* 2.2.2.2 2 0 123 123 20 0i3.3.3.3 0 0 200i*> 4.4.4.4/32 3.3.3.3 1 0 200i* 2.2.2.2 1 0 123 123 20 0i*> 5.5.5.5/32 3.3.3.3 0 200i* 2.2.2.2 0 123 123 20 0i

R4

[Huawei]dis bgp routing-tableBGP Local router ID is 4.4.4.4 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 14Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn*>i 1.1.1.1/32 3.3.3.3 0 222 0 i* i 2.2.2.2 0 100 0 i*>i 2.2.2.2/32 3.3.3.3 2 222 0 i* 0.0.0.0 1 0 ii 2.2.2.2 0 100 0 i*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i* i 2.2.2.2 2 100 0 ii 3.3.3.3 0 222 0 i*>i 4.4.4.4/32 3.3.3.3 1 222 0 i* 0.0.0.0 0 0 i* i 2.2.2.2 1 100 0 i* 5.5.5.5 0 0 300i*> 5.5.5.5/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i5.5.5.5 0 0 300i

5、結論

我們可以看到，我們改變了R3的local-preference為222之后，優先級大于R2，然后對D4執行了出站export策略，所以R4到R1的時候選擇了R3。
我們在R1對R2執行了入站import策略，對R2已有的AS-path基礎上追加了123和123，使得優先級低于R3，這樣，從R1到R4是，自然而然的選擇了R2這條線。

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