ffmpeg和ffserver配合使用可以實現(xiàn)實時的流媒體服務(wù)，可以實時傳輸來自攝像頭的數(shù)據(jù)，客戶端可以采用HTTP、RTSP、RTP協(xié)議等播放視頻流。

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一、概念和流程

ffmpeg和ffserver配合使用涉及到四個概念：

1.??????ffmpeg，負(fù)責(zé)媒體文件的轉(zhuǎn)碼工作，把你服務(wù)器上的源媒體文件轉(zhuǎn)換成要發(fā)送出去的流媒體文件。

2.??????ffserver，負(fù)責(zé)響應(yīng)客戶端的流媒體請求，把流媒體數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給客戶端。

3.??????ffserver.conf，ffserver啟動時的配置文件，在這個文件中主要是對網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，緩存文件feed1.ffm和要發(fā)送的流媒體文件的格式參數(shù)做具體的設(shè)定。

4.??????feed1.ffm，可以看成是一個流媒體數(shù)據(jù)的緩存文件，ffmpeg把轉(zhuǎn)碼好的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給ffserver，如果沒有客戶端連接請求，ffserver把數(shù)據(jù)緩存到該文件中。

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工作流程如下：

1、 啟動ffserver，配置參數(shù)

ffserver先于ffmpeg啟動，它在啟動的時候需要加參數(shù)-f指定其配置文件，配置文件里包含端口信息、緩沖文件配置、傳送流配置(如編碼方式，幀率，采樣率……)。

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2、 啟動ffmpeg，輸入流

??? 啟動ffmpeg，向緩沖文件輸入數(shù)據(jù)流，數(shù)據(jù)流可以來自攝像頭，也可以來自本來就存在的文件。

feed1.ffm是一個緩沖文件，fserver啟動后，feed1.ffm就會自動被創(chuàng)建，feed1.ffm開始的部分已經(jīng)寫入向客戶端傳送流的配置信息，在feed1.ffm做緩沖用的時候，這些信息是不會被覆蓋掉。

ffmpeg啟動的一個關(guān)鍵參數(shù)就是“http://ip:port/feed1.ffm”，其中ip是運行ffserver主機(jī)的ip，如果ffmpeg和ffserver都在同一系統(tǒng)中運行的話，用localhost或者127.0.0.1也行。ffmpeg啟動后會與ffserver建立一個連接(短暫的連接)，通過這第一次的連接，ffmpeg從ffserver那里獲取了向客戶端輸出流的配置，并把這些配置作為自己編碼輸出的配置，然后ffmpeg斷開了這次連接，再次與ffserver建立連接(長久的連接)，利用這個連接ffmpeg會把編碼后的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給ffserver。如果你觀察ffserver端的輸出就會發(fā)現(xiàn)這段時間會出現(xiàn)兩次HTTP的200，這就是兩次連接的過程。

3、連接過程

ffmpeg從攝像頭獲取數(shù)據(jù)后，按照輸出流的編碼方式編碼，然后發(fā)送給ffserver，ffserver收到ffmpeg的數(shù)據(jù)后，如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)上沒有播放的請求，就把數(shù)據(jù)寫入feed1.ffm中緩存，寫入時把數(shù)據(jù)加上些頭信息然后分塊，每塊4096B（每塊也有結(jié)構(gòu)），當(dāng)feed1.ffm的大小到了ffserver.conf中規(guī)定的大小后，就會從文件開始（跳過頭）寫入，覆蓋舊的數(shù)據(jù)。直到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上有播放的請求，ffserver從feed1.ffm中讀取數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)送給客戶端。

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二、配置與應(yīng)用

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ffserver可以配置為帶緩沖或者不帶緩沖，其中不帶緩沖的只需要配置stream的位置，不需要feed和ffmpeg。

ffserver配置文件可以參考ffmpeg源碼中的doc/ffserver.conf，里邊有詳細(xì)的注釋。文件的結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為頭部信息、實時流信息、格式信息。

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1、不帶緩沖

最簡單的配置文件如下

Port 9999

RTSPPort9990

BindAddress0.0.0.0

MaxClients1000

MaxBandwidth100000

CustomLog–

#只需要指定待播放的文件的路徑以及格式信息即可

<Streamtest.flv>

?? File "/home/test.flv"

?? Format flv

</Stream>

#rtsp應(yīng)用

<Streamtest.mpg>

File"myfile/testvideo/test.mpg"

Format?rtp

</Stream>

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命令符：

1. 在終端里輸入ffserver -f /etc/ffserver.conf

2. 在瀏覽器里或者相關(guān)播放器地址里輸入 http://ipAddr:port/test.flv

備注：1、Port為配置里面的9999，文件名直接輸入流的文件名即可。

?????2、實際測試flv等格式都可以播放。

3、測試需要的test.flv的可以使用ffmpeg錄制，命令是

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -s 320*240 -r 10 -i /dev/video2-vcodec flv? /test.flv

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2、帶緩沖

配置文件如下

Port 9999

RTSPPort9990

BindAddress0.0.0.0

MaxClients1000

MaxBandwidth10000

CustomLog–

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<Feed?feed1.ffm>

File/tmp/feed1.ffm

FileMaxSize40k

ACL allow127.0.0.1

</Feed>

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<Stream?test.flv>

Feedfeed1.ffm

Formatflv

BitExact

DctFastint

IdctSimple

VideoFrameRate10

VideoSize320x240

VideoBitRate64

VideoGopSize10

NoAudio

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PreRoll10

StartSendOnKey

MaxTime100

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</Stream>

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要點：

1、實時流數(shù)據(jù)配置，其中注意文件的位置，可以放到tmp文件夾下面，這樣會被自動清理掉。

2、每個不同的流都來自feed1.ffm，因此配置越多的流，當(dāng)執(zhí)行的時候，會逐個轉(zhuǎn)換，影響速度，一般不建議多配置。

3、ACL allow表示ip的地址范圍，比如ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

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命令符：

1． 在終端里輸入

ffserver -f/etc/ffserver.conf

2． a.若是文件方式則輸入

ffmpeg -i/home/test.flv http://127.0.0.1:9999/test.flv

b.若是實時視頻則輸入

ffmpeg -fv4l2 -framerate 30?-i?/dev/video2http://127.0.0.1:9999/feed1.ffm

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3、運行客戶端命令

http://192.168.1.230:9999/test.flv

rtsp://ip:port/rtsp.mpg

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三、流的格式

文件的拓展名對應(yīng)一定的格式，常用的有：

拓展名	格式
flv	flv
mp4	mp4
mpg	rtp
?	libx264
.asf	asf
.mjpg	mjpg
.jpg	jpeg

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配置例子：

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Multipart JPEG

?	<Stream test.mjpg> Feed feed1.ffm Format mpjpeg VideoFrameRate 2 VideoIntraOnly NoAudio Strict -1 </Stream>

Single JPEG

?	<Stream test.jpg> Feed feed1.ffm Format jpeg VideoFrameRate 2 VideoIntraOnly VideoSize 352x240 NoAudio Strict -1 </Stream>

Flash

?	<Stream test.swf> Feed feed1.ffm Format swf VideoFrameRate 2 VideoIntraOnly NoAudio </Stream>

ASF compatible

?	<Stream test.asf> Feed feed1.ffm Format asf VideoFrameRate 15 VideoSize 352x240 VideoBitRate 256 VideoBufferSize 40 VideoGopSize 30 AudioBitRate 64 StartSendOnKey </Stream>

MP3 audio

?	<Stream test.mp3> Feed feed1.ffm Format mp2 AudioCodec mp3 AudioBitRate 64 AudioChannels 1 AudioSampleRate 44100 NoVideo </Stream>

Ogg Vorbis audio

?	<Stream test.ogg> Feed feed1.ffm Metadata title "Stream title" AudioBitRate 64 AudioChannels 2 AudioSampleRate 44100 NoVideo </Stream>

Real with audio only at 32 kbits

?	<Stream test.ra> Feed feed1.ffm Format rm AudioBitRate 32 NoVideo </Stream>

Real with audio and video at 64 kbits

?	<Stream test.rm> Feed feed1.ffm Format rm AudioBitRate 32 VideoBitRate 128 VideoFrameRate 25 VideoGopSize 25 </Stream>

For stream coming from a file: you onlyneed to set the input filename and optionally a new format.

?	<Stream file.rm> File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/tlive.rm" NoAudio </Stream>

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?	<Stream file.asf> File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test.asf" NoAudio Metadata author "Me" Metadata copyright "Super MegaCorp" Metadata title "Test stream from disk" Metadata comment "Test comment" </Stream>

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實測可行的例子

配置：

<Streammy.mp4>

Formatrtp

File"/home/my.mp4"

</Stream>

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客戶端命令 rtsp://192.168.1.230:9990/my.mp4

端口就是rtp的端口。使用http協(xié)議不能訪問。

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<Streamtest.mp4>

Feedfeed1.ffm

Formatrtp

BitExact

DctFastint

IdctSimple

VideoFrameRate10

VideoSize320x240

VideoBitRate64

VideoGopSize10

NoAudio

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PreRoll10

StartSendOnKey

MaxTime100

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</Stream>

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ffmpeg -fv4l2 -r 10 -I /dev/video2?http://127.0.0.1:9999/feed1.ffm

客戶端命令 rtsp://192.168.1.230:9990/test.mp4

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<Streamlive.h264>

Formatrtp

Feedfeed1.ffm

VideoCodeclibx264

VideoFrameRate24

VideoBitRate100

VideoSize480x272

AVPresetVideodefault

AVPresetVideobaseline

AVOptionVideoflags +global_header

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AudioCodeclibfaac

AudioBitRate32

AudioChannels2

AudioSampleRate22050

AVOptionAudioflags +global_header

</Stream>

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使用H.264編碼時，使用命令

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ffmpeg -f v4l2 -s 176*144 -r 2 -i /dev/video0-vcodec libx264 http://192.168.1.6:8090/feed1.ffm

ffmpeg-f v4l2 -s 176*144 -r 2?-vpre libx264-hq.ffpreset?-i /dev/video0 -vcodeclibx264http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm

ffmpeg-f v4l2 -s 176*144 -r 10?-vpre libx264-hq.ffpreset-i /dev/video0 -vcodec libx264?-f rtprtp://192.168.1.105:6060 > /tmp/x264.sdp

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四、協(xié)議

HTTP協(xié)議的地址格式為：

http://ffserver_ip_address:http_port/stream_name[options]

RTSP協(xié)議的地址格式為：

http://ffserver_ip_address:rtsp_port/stream_name[options]

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Sampleffserver configuration file

Port 8090 BindAddress 0.0.0.0 MaxHTTPConnections 2000 MaxClients 1000 MaxBandwidth 1000 CustomLog - ################################################################## <Feed feed1.ffm> # ffmpeg http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm File /tmp/feed1.ffm FileMaxSize 200K ACL allow 127.0.0.1 </Feed> ################################################################## <Stream test1.mpg> Feed feed1.ffm # Format of the stream : you can choose among: # mpeg?????? : MPEG-1 multiplexed video and audio # mpegvideo? : only MPEG-1 video # mp2??????? : MPEG-2 audio (use AudioCodec to select layer 2 and 3 codec) # ogg??????? : Ogg format (Vorbis audio codec) # rm???? ????: RealNetworks-compatible stream. Multiplexed audio and video. # ra???????? : RealNetworks-compatible stream. Audio only. # mpjpeg???? : Multipart JPEG (works with Netscape without any plugin) # jpeg?????? : Generate a single JPEG image. # asf??????? : ASF compatible streaming (Windows Media Player format). # swf??????? : Macromedia Flash compatible stream # avi??????? : AVI format (MPEG-4 video, MPEG audio sound) Format mpeg # Bitrate for the audio stream. Codecs usually support only a few # different bitrates. AudioBitRate 32 # Number of audio channels: 1 = mono, 2 = stereo AudioChannels 1 # Sampling frequency for audio. When using low bitrates, you should # lower this frequency to 22050 or 11025. The supported frequencies # depend on the selected audio codec. AudioSampleRate 44100 # Bitrate for the video stream VideoBitRate 64 # Ratecontrol buffer size VideoBufferSize 40 # Number of frames per second VideoFrameRate 3 # Size of the video frame: WxH (default: 160x128) # The following abbreviations are defined: sqcif, qcif, cif, 4cif, qqvga, # qvga, vga, svga, xga, uxga, qxga, sxga, qsxga, hsxga, wvga, wxga, wsxga, # wuxga, woxga, wqsxga, wquxga, whsxga, whuxga, cga, ega, hd480, hd720, # hd1080 VideoSize 160x128 # Transmit only intra frames (useful for low bitrates, but kills frame rate). #VideoIntraOnly # If non-intra only, an intra frame is transmitted every VideoGopSize # frames. Video synchronization can only begin at an intra frame. VideoGopSize 12 # More MPEG-4 parameters # VideoHighQuality # Video4MotionVector # Choose your codecs: #AudioCodec mp2 #VideoCodec mpeg1video # Suppress audio #NoAudio # Suppress video #NoVideo #VideoQMin 3 #VideoQMax 31 # Set this to the number of seconds backwards in time to start. Note that # most players will buffer 5-10 seconds of video, and also you need to allow # for a keyframe to appear in the data stream. #Preroll 15 # ACL: # You can allow ranges of addresses (or single addresses) #ACL ALLOW <first address> # You can deny ranges of addresses (or single addresses) #ACL DENY <first address> # You can repeat the ACL allow/deny as often as you like. It is on a per # stream basis. The first match defines the action. If there are no matches, # then the default is the inverse of the last ACL statement. # # Thus 'ACL allow localhost' only allows access from localhost. # 'ACL deny 1.0.0.0 1.255.255.255' would deny the whole of network 1 and # allow everybody else. </Stream> ################################################################## # Example streams # Multipart JPEG #<Stream test.mjpg> #Feed feed1.ffm #Format mpjpeg #VideoFrameRate 2 #VideoIntraOnly #NoAudio #Strict -1 #</Stream> # Single JPEG #<Stream test.jpg> #Feed feed1.ffm #Format jpeg #VideoFrameRate 2 #VideoIntraOnly ##VideoSize 352x240 #NoAudio #Strict -1 #</Stream> # Flash #<Stream test.swf> #Feed feed1.ffm #Format swf #VideoFrameRate 2 #VideoIntraOnly #NoAudio #</Stream> # ASF compatible <Stream test.asf> Feed feed1.ffm Format asf VideoFrameRate 15 VideoSize 352x240 VideoBitRate 256 VideoBufferSize 40 VideoGopSize 30 AudioBitRate 64 StartSendOnKey </Stream> # MP3 audio #<Stream test.mp3> #Feed feed1.ffm #Format mp2 #AudioCodec mp3 #AudioBitRate 64 #AudioChannels 1 #AudioSampleRate 44100 #NoVideo #</Stream> # Ogg Vorbis audio #<Stream test.ogg> #Feed feed1.ffm #Title "Stream title" #AudioBitRate 64 #AudioChannels 2 #AudioSampleRate 44100 #NoVideo #</Stream> # Real with audio only at 32 kbits #<Stream test.ra> #Feed feed1.ffm #Format rm #AudioBitRate 32 #NoVideo #NoAudio #</Stream> # Real with audio and video at 64 kbits #<Stream test.rm> #Feed feed1.ffm #Format rm #AudioBitRate 32 #VideoBitRate 128 #VideoFrameRate 25 #VideoGopSize 25 #NoAudio #</Stream> ################################################################## # A stream coming from a file: you only need to set the input # filename and optionally a new format. Supported conversions: #??? AVI -> ASF #<Stream file.rm> #File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/tlive.rm" #NoAudio #</Stream> #<Stream file.asf> #File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test.asf" #NoAudio #Author "Me" #Copyright "Super MegaCorp" #Title "Test stream from disk" #Comment "Test comment" #</Stream> ################################################################## # RTSP examples # # You can access this stream with the RTSP URL: #?? rtsp://localhost:5454/test1-rtsp.mpg # # A non-standard RTSP redirector is also created. Its URL is: #?? http://localhost:8090/test1-rtsp.rtsp #<Stream test1-rtsp.mpg> #Format rtp #File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test1.mpg" #</Stream> # Transcode an incoming live feed to another live feed, # using libx264 and video presets #<Stream live.h264> #Format rtp #Feed feed1.ffm #VideoCodec libx264 #VideoFrameRate 24 #VideoBitRate 100 #VideoSize 480x272 #AVPresetVideo default #AVPresetVideo baseline #AVOptionVideo flags +global_header # #AudioCodec libfaac #AudioBitRate 32 #AudioChannels 2 #AudioSampleRate 22050 #AVOptionAudio flags +global_header #</Stream> ################################################################## # SDP/multicast examples # # If you want to send your stream in multicast, you must set the # multicast address with MulticastAddress. The port and the TTL can # also be set. # # An SDP file is automatically generated by ffserver by adding the # 'sdp' extension to the stream name (here # http://localhost:8090/test1-sdp.sdp). You should usually give this # file to your player to play the stream. # # The 'NoLoop' option can be used to avoid looping when the stream is # terminated. #<Stream test1-sdp.mpg> #Format rtp #File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test1.mpg" #MulticastAddress 224.124.0.1 #MulticastPort 5000 #MulticastTTL 16 #NoLoop #</Stream> ################################################################## # Special streams # Server status <Stream stat.html> Format status # Only allow local people to get the status ACL allow localhost ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 #FaviconURL http://pond1.gladstonefamily.net:8080/favicon.ico </Stream> # Redirect index.html to the appropriate site <Redirect index.html> URL http://www.ffmpeg.org/ </Redirect>

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