一次 JDBC 与 MySQL 因 “CST” 时区协商误解导致时间差了 14 或 13 小时的排错经历...
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CST 時(shí)區(qū)
名為 CST 的時(shí)區(qū)是一個(gè)很混亂的時(shí)區(qū)，有四種含義：
- 美國(guó)中部時(shí)間 Central Standard Time (USA) UTC-06:00
- 澳大利亞中部時(shí)間 Central Standard Time (Australia) UTC+09:30
- 中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí) China Standard Time UTC+08:00
- 古巴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí) Cuba Standard Time UTC-04:00
今天是“4月28日”。為什么提到日期？因?yàn)槊绹?guó)從“3月11日”至“11月7日”實(shí)行夏令時(shí)，美國(guó)中部時(shí)間改為 UTC-05:00，與 UTC+08:00 相差 13 小時(shí)。
排錯(cuò)過(guò)程
在項(xiàng)目中，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中存儲(chǔ)的 Timestamp 字段的 unix_timestamp() 值比真實(shí)值少了 13 個(gè)小時(shí)。通過(guò)調(diào)試追蹤，發(fā)現(xiàn)了?com.mysql.cj.jdbc?里的時(shí)區(qū)協(xié)商有問(wèn)題。
當(dāng) JDBC 與 MySQL 開(kāi)始建立連接時(shí)，會(huì)調(diào)用?com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.initializePropsFromServer()?獲取服務(wù)器參數(shù)，其中我們看到調(diào)用?this.session.configureTimezone()?函數(shù)，它負(fù)責(zé)配置時(shí)區(qū)。
public void configureTimezone() {String configuredTimeZoneOnServer = getServerVariable("time_zone");if ("SYSTEM".equalsIgnoreCase(configuredTimeZoneOnServer)) {configuredTimeZoneOnServer = getServerVariable("system_time_zone");}String canonicalTimezone = getPropertySet().getStringReadableProperty(PropertyDefinitions.PNAME_serverTimezone).getValue();if (configuredTimeZoneOnServer != null) {// user can override this with driver properties, so don't detect if that's the caseif (canonicalTimezone == null || StringUtils.isEmptyOrWhitespaceOnly(canonicalTimezone)) {try {canonicalTimezone = TimeUtil.getCanonicalTimezone(configuredTimeZoneOnServer, getExceptionInterceptor());} catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {throw ExceptionFactory.createException(WrongArgumentException.class, iae.getMessage(), getExceptionInterceptor());}}}if (canonicalTimezone != null && canonicalTimezone.length() > 0) {this.serverTimezoneTZ = TimeZone.getTimeZone(canonicalTimezone);// The Calendar class has the behavior of mapping unknown timezones to 'GMT' instead of throwing an exception, so we must check for this...if (!canonicalTimezone.equalsIgnoreCase("GMT")&& this.serverTimezoneTZ.getID().equals("GMT")) {throw ...}}this.defaultTimeZone = this.serverTimezoneTZ; }追蹤代碼可知，當(dāng) MySQL 的?time_zone?值為?SYSTEM?時(shí)，會(huì)取?system_time_zone?值作為協(xié)調(diào)時(shí)區(qū)。
讓我們登錄到 MySQL 服務(wù)器驗(yàn)證這兩個(gè)值：
mysql> show variables like '%time_zone%'; +------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+--------+ | system_time_zone | CST | | time_zone | SYSTEM | +------------------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)重點(diǎn)在這里！若?String configuredTimeZoneOnServer?得到的是?CST?那么 Java 會(huì)誤以為這是?CST -0500?，因此?TimeZone.getTimeZone(canonicalTimezone)?會(huì)給出錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)區(qū)信息。
?debug variables
如圖所示，本機(jī)默認(rèn)時(shí)區(qū)是?Asia/Shanghai +0800?，誤認(rèn)為服務(wù)器時(shí)區(qū)為?CST -0500?，實(shí)際上服務(wù)器是?CST +0800?。
我們會(huì)想到，即便時(shí)區(qū)有誤解，如果 Timestamp 是以 long 表示的時(shí)間戳傳輸，也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，下面讓我們追蹤到?com.mysql.cj.jdbc.PreparedStatement.setTimestamp()?。
public void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, Timestamp x) throws java.sql.SQLException {synchronized (checkClosed().getConnectionMutex()) {setTimestampInternal(parameterIndex, x, this.session.getDefaultTimeZone());} }注意到這里?this.session.getDefaultTimeZone()?得到的是剛才那個(gè)?CST -0500?。
private void setTimestampInternal(int parameterIndex, Timestamp x, TimeZone tz) throws SQLException {if (x == null) {setNull(parameterIndex, MysqlType.TIMESTAMP);} else {if (!this.sendFractionalSeconds.getValue()) {x = TimeUtil.truncateFractionalSeconds(x);}this.parameterTypes[parameterIndex - 1 + getParameterIndexOffset()] = MysqlType.TIMESTAMP;if (this.tsdf == null) {this.tsdf = new SimpleDateFormat("''yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", Locale.US);}this.tsdf.setTimeZone(tz);StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();buf.append(this.tsdf.format(x));if (this.session.serverSupportsFracSecs()) {buf.append('.');buf.append(TimeUtil.formatNanos(x.getNanos(), true));}buf.append('\'');setInternal(parameterIndex, buf.toString());} }原來(lái) Timestamp 被轉(zhuǎn)換為會(huì)話時(shí)區(qū)的時(shí)間字符串了。問(wèn)題到此已然明晰：
最終結(jié)果相差 13 個(gè)小時(shí)！如果處在冬令時(shí)還會(huì)相差 14 個(gè)小時(shí)！
解決方案
解決辦法也很簡(jiǎn)單，明確指定 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的時(shí)區(qū)，不使用引發(fā)誤解的?CST?：
mysql> set global time_zone = '+08:00'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set time_zone = '+08:00'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)或者修改?my.cnf?文件，在?[mysqld]?節(jié)下增加?default-time-zone = '+08:00'?。
修改時(shí)區(qū)操作影響深遠(yuǎn)，需要重啟 MySQL 服務(wù)器，建議在維護(hù)時(shí)間進(jìn)行。
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另一份解決方案:?
? ? ? ?最近遇到了一個(gè)問(wèn)題，java從mysql從讀出的時(shí)間與本地時(shí)間有14個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間差，經(jīng)查證、測(cè)試解決了此問(wèn)題，在此總結(jié)一下：
?
一、使用mysql-connector-java 6.x版本驅(qū)動(dòng)需要做如下配置：
1、引入pom
| 1 2 3 4 5 | <dependency> ??<groupId>mysql</groupId> ??<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> ??<version>6.0.6</version> </dependency> |
?
2、設(shè)置jdbc連接、驅(qū)動(dòng)
| 1 2 3 | jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&serverTimezone=UTC&characterEncoding=utf-8&allowMultiQueries=true com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver |
?
?
二、設(shè)置mysql數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)區(qū)
1、查看mysql時(shí)區(qū)
| 1 | show?variables?like?"%time_zone%" |
?
2、修改mysql時(shí)區(qū)
（1）方法一
| 1 2 3 | set?global?time_zone?=?'+8:00';?##修改mysql全局時(shí)區(qū)為北京時(shí)間，即我們所在的東8區(qū) set?time_zone?=?'+8:00';?##修改當(dāng)前會(huì)話時(shí)區(qū) flush?privileges;?#立即生效 |
（2）方法二、通過(guò)修改my.cnf配置文件來(lái)修改時(shí)區(qū)
| 1 2 3 | #?vim?/etc/my.cnf?##在[mysqld]區(qū)域中加上 default-time_zone?=?'+8:00' #?/etc/init.d/mysqld?restart?##重啟mysql使新時(shí)區(qū)生效 |
?
三、分析時(shí)區(qū)設(shè)置問(wèn)題
? ? ? ?通過(guò)上面的設(shè)置，我們把mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的時(shí)區(qū)設(shè)置成了中國(guó)的時(shí)區(qū)‘utc+8’，而serverTimezone=UTC設(shè)置的是utc時(shí)區(qū)，兩者不同，所以會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)讀出的時(shí)間與本地時(shí)間差幾個(gè)小時(shí)。要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，需要讓serverTimezone的設(shè)置與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的時(shí)區(qū)保持一致。我們可以選擇修改serverTimezone的設(shè)置為serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai，或者修改數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的時(shí)區(qū)為‘+0:00’。
?
四、serverTimezone支持的值說(shuō)明
1、utc時(shí)區(qū)：serverTimezone=UTC
2、中國(guó)時(shí)區(qū)：serverTimezone=GMT%2B8（GMT+8這種方式支持全部時(shí)區(qū)，通過(guò)修改最后的數(shù)字實(shí)現(xiàn)，不過(guò)%2B不能寫(xiě)成+）
3、查看官方源碼，可以看到serverTimezone支持的相關(guān)設(shè)置如下，如：中國(guó)的時(shí)區(qū)可設(shè)置為：serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
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Venezuela\?Standard\?Time=America/Caracas Vladivostok\?Daylight\?Time=Asia/Vladivostok Vladivostok\?Standard\?Time=Asia/Vladivostok W.\?Australia\?Daylight\?Time=Australia/Perth W.\?Australia\?Standard\?Time=Australia/Perth W.\?Central\?Africa\?Daylight\?Time=Africa/Lagos W.\?Central\?Africa\?Standard\?Time=Africa/Lagos W.\?Europe\?Daylight\?Time=Europe/Berlin W.\?Europe\?Standard\?Time=Europe/Berlin West\?Asia\?Daylight\?Time=Asia/Tashkent West\?Asia\?Standard\?Time=Asia/Tashkent West\?Pacific\?Daylight\?Time=Pacific/Port_Moresby West\?Pacific\?Standard\?Time=Pacific/Port_Moresby Yakutsk\?Daylight\?Time=Asia/Yakutsk Yakutsk\?Standard\?Time=Asia/Yakutsk #Linked?Time?Zones?alias #Mon?Sep?28?16:41:59?WEST?2015 Africa/Addis_Ababa=Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara=Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmera=Africa/Nairobi Africa/Bamako=Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bangui=Africa/Lagos Africa/Banjul=Africa/Abidjan Africa/Blantyre=Africa/Maputo Africa/Brazzaville=Africa/Lagos Africa/Bujumbura=Africa/Maputo Africa/Conakry=Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar=Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dar_es_Salaam=Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti=Africa/Nairobi Africa/Douala=Africa/Lagos Africa/Freetown=Africa/Abidjan Africa/Gaborone=Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare=Africa/Maputo Africa/Juba=Africa/Khartoum Africa/Kampala=Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kigali=Africa/Maputo Africa/Kinshasa=Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville=Africa/Lagos Africa/Lome=Africa/Abidjan Africa/Luanda=Africa/Lagos Africa/Lubumbashi=Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka=Africa/Maputo Africa/Malabo=Africa/Lagos Africa/Maseru=Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane=Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mogadishu=Africa/Nairobi Africa/Niamey=Africa/Lagos Africa/Nouakchott=Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou=Africa/Abidjan Africa/Porto-Novo=Africa/Lagos Africa/Sao_Tome=Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu=Africa/Abidjan America/Anguilla=America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua=America/Port_of_Spain America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia=America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Aruba=America/Curacao America/Atka=America/Adak America/Buenos_Aires=America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Catamarca=America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Coral_Harbour=America/Atikokan America/Cordoba=America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Dominica=America/Port_of_Spain America/Ensenada=America/Tijuana America/Fort_Wayne=America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Grenada=America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe=America/Port_of_Spain America/Indianapolis=America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Jujuy=America/Argentina/Jujuy America/Knox_IN=America/Indiana/Knox America/Kralendijk=America/Curacao America/Louisville=America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Lower_Princes=America/Curacao America/Marigot=America/Port_of_Spain America/Mendoza=America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Montreal=America/Toronto America/Montserrat=America/Port_of_Spain America/Porto_Acre=America/Rio_Branco America/Rosario=America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Shiprock=America/Denver America/St_Barthelemy=America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts=America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia=America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas=America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent=America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola=America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin=America/Port_of_Spain Antarctica/McMurdo=Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole=Pacific/Auckland Arctic/Longyearbyen=Europe/Oslo Asia/Aden=Asia/Riyadh Asia/Ashkhabad=Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Bahrain=Asia/Qatar Asia/Calcutta=Asia/Kolkata Asia/Chongqing=Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking=Asia/Shanghai Asia/Dacca=Asia/Dhaka Asia/Harbin=Asia/Shanghai Asia/Istanbul=Europe/Istanbul Asia/Kashgar=Asia/Urumqi Asia/Katmandu=Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Kuwait=Asia/Riyadh Asia/Macao=Asia/Macau Asia/Muscat=Asia/Dubai Asia/Phnom_Penh=Asia/Bangkok Asia/Saigon=Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Tel_Aviv=Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Thimbu=Asia/Thimphu Asia/Ujung_Pandang=Asia/Makassar Asia/Ulan_Bator=Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Vientiane=Asia/Bangkok Atlantic/Faeroe=Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Jan_Mayen=Europe/Oslo Atlantic/St_Helena=Africa/Abidjan Australia/ACT=Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra=Australia/Sydney Australia/LHI=Australia/Lord_Howe Australia/NSW=Australia/Sydney Australia/North=Australia/Darwin Australia/Queensland=Australia/Brisbane Australia/South=Australia/Adelaide Australia/Tasmania=Australia/Hobart Australia/Victoria=Australia/Melbourne Australia/West=Australia/Perth Australia/Yancowinna=Australia/Broken_Hill Brazil/Acre=America/Rio_Branco Brazil/DeNoronha=America/Noronha Brazil/East=America/Sao_Paulo Brazil/West=America/Manaus Canada/Atlantic=America/Halifax Canada/Central=America/Winnipeg Canada/East-Saskatchewan=America/Regina Canada/Eastern=America/Toronto Canada/Mountain=America/Edmonton Canada/Newfoundland=America/St_Johns Canada/Pacific=America/Vancouver Canada/Saskatchewan=America/Regina Canada/Yukon=America/Whitehorse Chile/Continental=America/Santiago Chile/EasterIsland=Pacific/Easter Cuba=America/Havana Egypt=Africa/Cairo Eire=Europe/Dublin Europe/Belfast=Europe/London Europe/Bratislava=Europe/Prague Europe/Busingen=Europe/Zurich Europe/Guernsey=Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man=Europe/London Europe/Jersey=Europe/London Europe/Ljubljana=Europe/Belgrade Europe/Mariehamn=Europe/Helsinki Europe/Nicosia=Asia/Nicosia Europe/Podgorica=Europe/Belgrade Europe/San_Marino=Europe/Rome Europe/Sarajevo=Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje=Europe/Belgrade Europe/Tiraspol=Europe/Chisinau Europe/Vaduz=Europe/Zurich Europe/Vatican=Europe/Rome Europe/Zagreb=Europe/Belgrade GB=Europe/London GB-Eire=Europe/London GMT+0=Etc/GMT GMT-0=Etc/GMT GMT0=Etc/GMT Greenwich=Etc/GMT Hongkong=Asia/Hong_Kong Iceland=Atlantic/Reykjavik Indian/Antananarivo=Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro=Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte=Africa/Nairobi Iran=Asia/Tehran Israel=Asia/Jerusalem Jamaica=America/Jamaica Japan=Asia/Tokyo Kwajalein=Pacific/Kwajalein Libya=Africa/Tripoli Mexico/BajaNorte=America/Tijuana Mexico/BajaSur=America/Mazatlan Mexico/General=America/Mexico_City NZ=Pacific/Auckland NZ-CHAT=Pacific/Chatham Navajo=America/Denver PRC=Asia/Shanghai Pacific/Johnston=Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Midway=Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Ponape=Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Saipan=Pacific/Guam Pacific/Samoa=Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Truk=Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap=Pacific/Chuuk Poland=Europe/Warsaw Portugal=Europe/Lisbon ROC=Asia/Taipei ROK=Asia/Seoul Singapore=Asia/Singapore Turkey=Europe/Istanbul UCT=Etc/UCT US/Alaska=America/Anchorage US/Aleutian=America/Adak US/Arizona=America/Phoenix US/Central=America/Chicago US/East-Indiana=America/Indiana/Indianapolis US/Eastern=America/New_York US/Hawaii=Pacific/Honolulu US/Indiana-Starke=America/Indiana/Knox US/Michigan=America/Detroit US/Mountain=America/Denver US/Pacific=America/Los_Angeles US/Pacific-New=America/Los_Angeles US/Samoa=Pacific/Pago_Pago Universal=Etc/UTC W-SU=Europe/Moscow Zulu=Etc/UTC #Standard?(IANA)?abbreviations #Mon?Sep?28?16:41:59?WEST?2015 ACWST=Australia/Eucla AFT=Asia/Kabul ALMT=Asia/Almaty ANAT=Asia/Anadyr AZOST=Atlantic/Azores AZOT=Atlantic/Azores AZST=Asia/Baku AZT=Asia/Baku BDT=Asia/Dhaka BNT=Asia/Brunei BOT=America/La_Paz BRST=America/Sao_Paulo BTT=Asia/Thimphu CAT=Africa/Maputo CCT=Indian/Cocos CHADT=Pacific/Chatham CHAST=Pacific/Chatham CHOST=Asia/Choibalsan CHOT=Asia/Choibalsan CHUT=Pacific/Chuuk CKT=Pacific/Rarotonga COT=America/Bogota CVT=Atlantic/Cape_Verde CXT=Indian/Christmas ChST=Pacific/Guam DAVT=Antarctica/Davis DDUT=Antarctica/DumontDUrville EAST=Pacific/Easter ECT=America/Guayaquil EGST=America/Scoresbysund EGT=America/Scoresbysund FJST=Pacific/Fiji FJT=Pacific/Fiji FKST=Atlantic/Stanley FNT=America/Noronha GALT=Pacific/Galapagos GAMT=Pacific/Gambier GET=Asia/Tbilisi GFT=America/Cayenne GILT=Pacific/Tarawa GYT=America/Guyana HDT=America/Adak HKT=Asia/Hong_Kong HOVST=Asia/Hovd HOVT=Asia/Hovd IDT=Asia/Jerusalem IOT=Indian/Chagos IRST=Asia/Tehran JST=Asia/Tokyo KGT=Asia/Bishkek KOST=Pacific/Kosrae LHDT=Australia/Lord_Howe LHST=Australia/Lord_Howe LINT=Pacific/Kiritimati MAGT=Asia/Magadan MART=Pacific/Marquesas MAWT=Antarctica/Mawson MEST=MET MET=MET MIST=Antarctica/Macquarie MMT=Asia/Rangoon MUT=Indian/Mauritius MVT=Indian/Maldives NCT=Pacific/Noumea NDT=America/St_Johns NFT=Pacific/Norfolk NOVT=Asia/Novosibirsk NPT=Asia/Kathmandu NRT=Pacific/Nauru NST=America/St_Johns NUT=Pacific/Niue NZDT=Pacific/Auckland NZST=Pacific/Auckland OMST=Asia/Omsk ORAT=Asia/Oral PET=America/Lima PETT=Asia/Kamchatka PGT=Pacific/Port_Moresby PHOT=Pacific/Enderbury PHT=Asia/Manila PKT=Asia/Karachi PMDT=America/Miquelon PMST=America/Miquelon PONT=Pacific/Pohnpei PWT=Pacific/Palau PYST=America/Asuncion PYT=America/Asuncion QYZT=Asia/Qyzylorda RET=Indian/Reunion ROTT=Antarctica/Rothera SAKT=Asia/Sakhalin SAMT=Europe/Samara SAST=Africa/Johannesburg SBT=Pacific/Guadalcanal SCT=Indian/Mahe SGT=Asia/Singapore SRET=Asia/Srednekolymsk SRT=America/Paramaribo SST=Pacific/Pago_Pago SYOT=Antarctica/Syowa TAHT=Pacific/Tahiti TFT=Indian/Kerguelen TJT=Asia/Dushanbe TKT=Pacific/Fakaofo TLT=Asia/Dili TMT=Asia/Ashgabat TOT=Pacific/Tongatapu TVT=Pacific/Funafuti ULAST=Asia/Ulaanbaatar ULAT=Asia/Ulaanbaatar UYT=America/Montevideo VET=America/Caracas VOST=Antarctica/Vostok VUT=Pacific/Efate WAKT=Pacific/Wake WAST=Africa/Windhoek WFT=Pacific/Wallis WGST=America/Godthab WGT=America/Godthab WIT=Asia/Jayapura WITA=Asia/Makassar WSDT=Pacific/Apia WSST=Pacific/Apia XJT=Asia/Urumqi YEKT=Asia/Yekaterinburg |
以上內(nèi)容在src\main\resources\com\mysql\cj\jdbc\util.TimeZoneMapping.properties，
= 后面的值為我們可以用來(lái)設(shè)置的值
本文出自 “星技傳閱” 博客，請(qǐng)務(wù)必保留此出處http://snowtiger.blog.51cto.com/12931578/1967441
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://my.oschina.net/CasparLi/blog/1541902
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