一、DHT11的簡單介紹

DHT11是一款有已校準數字信號輸出的溫濕度傳感器。
其精度濕度±5%RH， 溫度±2℃，
量程濕度20-90%RH， 溫度0~50℃——百度百科

注解：相對濕度（RH）是指單位體積空氣中，實際水蒸氣的分壓與相同溫度和體積下水飽和蒸氣壓的百分比。（實際水蒸氣的分壓/水飽和蒸汽壓）

基本組成：

電阻式感濕元件
一個NTC測溫元件
一個高性能8位單片機

參數指標：

注解：
重復性(repeatability)：在相同條件下對同一事物進行多次量測所得結果之間的一致性。用標準差表示一致性程度，標準差小表示一致性程度高，標準差大表示一致性程度低

長期穩定性：傳感器在規定時間內仍保持不超過允許誤差范圍的能力。

互換性：指在統一規格的一批零件（或部件）中，不經選擇、修配或調整，任取其一，都能裝在機器上達到規定的功能要求。

（在現代工業生產中常采用專業化的協作生產，即用分散制造、集中裝配的辦法來提高生產率，保證產品質量和降低成本。要實行專業化生產保證產品具有互換性，必須采用互換性生產原則）

電氣特性

注解：typ–典型值，標準值
常見應用：
暖通空調 測試及檢測設備
汽車 數據記錄器
消費品 自動控制
氣象站 家電
濕度調節器 醫療
除濕器
環境條件：
（1）溫度：
氣體的相對濕度，在很大程度上依賴于溫度。因此在測量濕度時，應盡可能保證濕度傳感器在同一溫度下工作。如果與釋放熱量的電子元件共用一個印刷線路板，在安裝時應盡可能將DHT11遠離電子元件，并安裝在熱源下方，同時保持外殼的良好通風。為降低熱傳導，DHT11與印刷電路板其它部分的銅鍍層應盡可能最小，并在兩者之間留出一道縫隙。
（2）光線：
長時間暴露在太陽光下或強烈的紫外線輻射中，會使性能降低
（3）極限條件工作后的恢復:
置于極限工作條件下或化學蒸汽中的傳感器，通過如下處理程序，可使其恢復到校準時的狀態。在50-60℃和< 10%RH的濕度條件下保持2 小時（烘干）；隨后在20-30℃和>70%RH的濕度條件下保持 5小時以上。
(4)注意事項：
(1)避免結露情況下使用。
(2)長期保存條件：溫度10－40℃，濕度60%以下
注解：結露就是指物體表面溫度低于附近空氣露點溫度時表面出現冷凝水的現象

二、DHT11與Arduino的連線

（1）引腳說明

注解：
（1）串行數據是一位一位順序傳送得數據，只用很少幾根通信線，串行傳送的速度低，但傳送的距離可以很長，因此串行適用于長距離而速度要求不高的場合。
（形象的說，把通道比作道路，能并排開幾輛車的就可以說是“并行”，只能一輛一輛開的就屬于“串行”了，很明顯，并行的速度要比串行的快得多。）
（2）單總線：它采用單根信號線，既傳輸時鐘又傳輸數據，而且數據傳輸是雙向的，具有節省I/O口線
接線圖：

與arduino的接線圖：

三、運行程序——arduino環境

#include <dht. h> #define dataPin 8//定義八號引腳 dht DHT; void setup() {Serial. begin (9600) ; } void loop() {int readData = DHT.read22 (dataPin) ;float t = DHT.temperature; float h = DHT.humidity;Serial.print("Temperature = ");Serial.print(t) ;Serial.print(" ℃ ");Serial.print("Humidity = ");Serial.print(h);Serial.println("%") ;delay(2000) ; }

代碼參考視頻：使用Arduino的DHT11和DHT22溫濕度傳感器教程[How To Mechatronics]
這個視頻講解質量相對較高，參考下面又評論按照這個代碼做出來了，所以我認為比較靠譜。
其他學習視頻：《單片機實踐項目》之DHT11溫濕度傳感器詳細講解（51單片機）

另外還有較為簡單易懂的靠譜的代碼：

#include <dht11.h> //引用dht11庫文件，使得下面可以調用相關參數 #define DHT11PIN 8 //定義溫濕度針腳號為8號引腳 void setup() { //初始化設置Serial.begin(9600); //設置波特率參數pinMode(DHT11PIN,OUTPUT); }void loop(){ //循環int chk = DHT11.read(DHT11PIN); //將讀取到的值賦給chkint hum=(float)DHT11.humidity; //將濕度值賦給humSerial.print("hum:");Serial.print(hum);Serial.print("%/t");int tem=(float)DHT11.temperature; //將濕度值賦給temSerial.print(" tem:");Serial.print(tem);Serial.println("℃");delay(2000); }

代碼源地址：DHT11詳細介紹
注：由于直接引用的是DHT的庫函數的原因。不需要按照下圖的時序輸入開始指令

四、DHT11工作原理

數據的傳輸與組成

傳輸

DATA 用于Arduino與DHT11之間的通訊和同步，一次傳輸40位數據，高位先出。

組成

數據格式（從前到后）：8bit濕度整數數據、8bit濕度小數數據、8bit溫度整數數據、8bit溫度小數數據+8bit校驗位

注：校檢位作用——檢測溫濕度結果是否正確

校檢位原理：
校驗位定義“8bit濕度整數數據+8bit濕度小數數據+8bit溫度整數數據+8bit溫度小數數據”結果末八位 =8bit校驗位

實例：

數據解釋：
二進制轉十進制最后可直接轉化為濕度和溫度。如下圖：

DHT11的工作步驟

步驟一

1.DHT11 上電后，測試環境溫濕度數據
（DHT11 上電后要等待 1S 以越過不穩定狀態在此期間不能發送任何指令）
2.記錄數據 ?DHT11 的 DATA 數據線由上拉電阻拉高一直保持高電平
3.此時 DHT11 的DATA 引腳處于輸入狀態，時刻檢測外部信號

步驟二

主機先發送開始信號，從機會返回一個相應信號進行應答，隨后信號線拉高準備接收數據：
1.Arduino的 I/O 設置為輸出同時輸出低電平，且低電平保持時間不能小于 18ms
2.Arduino的 I/O設置為輸入狀態，由于上拉電阻，微處理器的 I/O 即 DHT11 的 DATA 數據線也隨之變高，等待 DHT11 作出回答信號

步驟三

第三步：開始接收數據（一次接收40位）。
1.DHT11 的 DATA 引腳檢測到外部信號有低電平時，等待外部信號低電平結束
2.延遲后 DHT11 的 DATA引腳處于輸出狀態，并且輸出 80 微秒的低電平作為應答信號，緊接著輸出 80 微秒的高電平通知外設準備接收數據
3.微處理器的 I/O 此時處于輸入狀態，檢測到 I/O 有低電平（DHT11 回應信號）后，等待 80 微秒的高電平后的數據接收，發送信號如圖

步驟四

由 DHT11 的 DATA 引腳輸出 40 位數據，微處理器根據 I/O 電平的變化接收 40 位數據。數據格式如下

位數據“0”的格式為： 50 微秒的低電平+ 26-28 微秒的高電平。
位數據“1”的格式為： 50 微秒的低電平+ 70微秒的高電平。

步驟五

結束：
1.DHT11 的 DATA 引腳輸出 40 位數據后，繼續輸出低電平 50 微秒后轉為輸入狀態，由于上拉電阻隨之變為高電平。
2. DHT11 內部重新檢測環境溫濕度數據，幵記錄數據，等待外部信號的到來。

工作步驟演示圖

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注：開始信號——Arduino的 I/O 設置為輸出同時輸出低電平，且低電平保持時間不能小于 18ms，隨后抬高。

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注釋：發送信號內容 —— 80 微秒的低電平作為應答信號緊接著輸出 80 微秒的高電平通知準備接收數據

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