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树莓派驱动1.44寸TFT液晶并实时显示摄像头图像

發布時間：2024/3/12 编程问答 63 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了树莓派驱动1.44寸TFT液晶并实时显示摄像头图像小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

需要什么

**
一塊lcd ，市面上大多數為spi ，i2c驅動的lcd，我這塊是比賽剩下的模擬8080端口驅動。區別不大，僅需改動發送數據的函數
一個攝像頭，我這里使用的是某寶17塊錢買來的ovxx具體多少忘了，樹莓派自帶驅動。
opencv，僅用來把攝像頭傳來的圖片轉為lcd可顯示的bgr565格式，也可不使用自行編寫轉化函數（百度一下馬上知道）。
picamera，樹莓派自帶的攝像頭驅動庫，import即可使用

端口定義

驅動芯片為ST7735，8080并口發送數據
RST（復位線）
DB0~DB7(數據線)
RS（數據/指令選擇線，1:數據讀寫,0:命令讀寫
CS（片選信號線）

下面是最終的成品，效率有待提升，可以看見屏幕刷新的條紋

下面上代碼
**

底層代碼

端口及一些參數定義

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO import time # 引腳定義 LCD__CS = 5 LCD_RST = 6 LCD_WR = 13 LCD_RS = 19 LCD_RD = 26 LCD_SIGN = [LCD__CS, LCD_RST, LCD_WR, LCD_RS, LCD_RD] LCD_D0 = 21 LCD_D1 = 20 LCD_D2 = 16 LCD_D3 = 12 LCD_D4 = 7 LCD_D5 = 8 LCD_D6 = 25 LCD_D7 = 24 LCD_DATA = [LCD_D7, LCD_D6, LCD_D5, LCD_D4, LCD_D3, LCD_D2, LCD_D1, LCD_D0] #液晶大小 X_ORIGIN = 0 Y_ORIGIN = 0 X_MAX_PIXEL = 128 Y_MAX_PIXEL = 128#存儲顏色 COLORLIST = [] # 顏色代碼 RED = 0xf800 GREEN = 0x07e0 BLUE = 0x001f WHITE = 0xffff BLACK = 0x0000 YELLOW = 0xFFE0 GRAY0 = 0xEF7D GRAY1 = 0x8410 GRAY2 = 0x4208

gpio端口的初始化，使用BCM模式

# gpio初始化 def gpio_init():GPIO.setwarnings(False)GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)GPIO.setup(LCD_WR, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)GPIO.setup(LCD_RD, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.HIGH)GPIO.setup(LCD__CS, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.HIGH)GPIO.setup(LCD_RS, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)GPIO.setup(LCD_RST, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)GPIO.setup(LCD_DATA, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW) # datatime.sleep(0.1)

為提高效率提前對顏色代碼進行轉化，如COLORLIST[1]=[False,False,False,False,False,False,False,True]

def bit_to_list(t):s = [False for i in range(8)]i = -1while t != 0:if t % 2 == 1:s[i] = Trueelse:s[i] = Falset = t >> 1i -= 1return s # 提前生成顏色列表 def generate_colorlist():for i in range(0xff + 1):COLORLIST.append(bit_to_list(i))

數據和指令發送函數

# 發送數據 def send(bits):GPIO.output(LCD_DATA, COLORLIST[bits]) # 發送8位數據 def Lcd_WriteData(data):GPIO.output(LCD__CS, False)GPIO.output(LCD_RS, True)send(data)GPIO.output(LCD__CS, True) # 發送8位命令 def Lcd_WriteIndex(cmd):GPIO.output(LCD__CS, False)GPIO.output(LCD_RS, False)send(cmd)GPIO.output(LCD__CS, True) # 發送16位數據,顏色 def Lcd_WriteData_16(cmd):GPIO.output(LCD__CS, False)GPIO.output(LCD_RS, True)send(cmd >> 8)GPIO.output(LCD__CS, True)GPIO.output(LCD__CS, False)send(cmd % 256)GPIO.output(LCD__CS, True) # 發送16位數據,少兩步 def Lcd_WriteColor_16(cmd1, cmd2):GPIO.output(LCD__CS, False)GPIO.output(LCD_RS, True)send(cmd1)GPIO.output(LCD__CS, True)GPIO.output(LCD__CS, False)send(cmd2)GPIO.output(LCD__CS, True)

液晶初始化，主要設置液晶的顯示模式，copy別人的，具體設置可參考芯片手冊

# 復位 def reset():GPIO.output(LCD_RST, False)time.sleep(0.1)GPIO.output(LCD_RST, True)time.sleep(0.1) # 初始化 def LCD_init():generate_colorlist()gpio_init()reset()Lcd_WriteIndex(0x11)time.sleep(0.12)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xB1)Lcd_WriteData(0x01)Lcd_WriteData(0x2C)Lcd_WriteData(0x2D)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xB2)Lcd_WriteData(0x01)Lcd_WriteData(0x2C)Lcd_WriteData(0x2D)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xB3)Lcd_WriteData(0x01)Lcd_WriteData(0x2C)Lcd_WriteData(0x2D)Lcd_WriteData(0x01)Lcd_WriteData(0x2C)Lcd_WriteData(0x2D)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xB4)Lcd_WriteData(0x07)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xC0)Lcd_WriteData(0xA2)Lcd_WriteData(0x02)Lcd_WriteData(0x84)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xC1)Lcd_WriteData(0xC5)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xC2)Lcd_WriteData(0x0A)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xC3)Lcd_WriteData(0x8A)Lcd_WriteData(0x2A)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xC4)Lcd_WriteData(0x8A)Lcd_WriteData(0xEE)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xC5)Lcd_WriteData(0x0E)Lcd_WriteIndex(0x36)Lcd_WriteData(0xC8)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xe0)Lcd_WriteData(0x0f)Lcd_WriteData(0x1a)Lcd_WriteData(0x0f)Lcd_WriteData(0x18)Lcd_WriteData(0x2f)Lcd_WriteData(0x28)Lcd_WriteData(0x20)Lcd_WriteData(0x22)Lcd_WriteData(0x1f)Lcd_WriteData(0x1b)Lcd_WriteData(0x23)Lcd_WriteData(0x37)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(0x07)Lcd_WriteData(0x02)Lcd_WriteData(0x10)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xe1)Lcd_WriteData(0x0f)Lcd_WriteData(0x1b)Lcd_WriteData(0x0f)Lcd_WriteData(0x17)Lcd_WriteData(0x33)Lcd_WriteData(0x2c)Lcd_WriteData(0x29)Lcd_WriteData(0x2e)Lcd_WriteData(0x30)Lcd_WriteData(0x30)Lcd_WriteData(0x39)Lcd_WriteData(0x3f)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(0x07)Lcd_WriteData(0x03)Lcd_WriteData(0x10)Lcd_WriteIndex(0x2a)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(0x7f)Lcd_WriteIndex(0x2b)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(0x9f)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xF0)Lcd_WriteData(0x01)Lcd_WriteIndex(0xF6)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteIndex(0x3A)Lcd_WriteData(0x05)Lcd_WriteIndex(0x29)

開窗，每次想刷新屏幕必須在要刷新的位置開窗。

# 設置顯示區域 def LCD_ptlon(site_x, site_y, size_x, size_y):site_x = site_x + 2site_y = site_y + 3Lcd_WriteIndex(0x2a)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(site_x)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(site_x + size_x - 1)Lcd_WriteIndex(0x2B)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(site_y)Lcd_WriteData(0x00)Lcd_WriteData(site_y + size_y - 1)Lcd_WriteIndex(0x2c) # 刷新屏幕，用顏色填滿屏幕 def clear(color):LCD_ptlon(X_ORIGIN, Y_ORIGIN, X_MAX_PIXEL, Y_MAX_PIXEL)for i in range(X_MAX_PIXEL - X_ORIGIN):for k in range((Y_MAX_PIXEL - Y_ORIGIN)):Lcd_WriteData_16(color)

顯示代碼能驅動屏幕剩下的都好辦了

import lcd144 as LCD import ASII as CHAR # 畫矩形 def LCD_rectangle(site_x, site_y, size_x, size_y, rgb565):LCD.LCD_ptlon(site_x, site_y, size_x, size_y)for i in range((size_x) * (size_y)):LCD.Lcd_WriteData_16(rgb565) # 寫字符 def LCD_char(site_x, site_y, ascii, Color, bkColor):l = 0LCD.LCD_ptlon(site_x, site_y, 8, 16)for i in range(16):if ascii < 0x20:ascii = ' 'temp = CHAR.CHARASII[((ascii - 0x20) * CHAR.LED_EN_SIZE) + i]for t in range(8):if (temp & 0x80):LCD.Lcd_WriteData_16(Color)else:LCD.Lcd_WriteData_16(bkColor)temp <<= 1l = l + 1if l >= CHAR.LCD_EN_W:l = 0;break; # 寫字符串 def LCD_str(site_x, site_y, str, Color, bkColor):len1 = len(str)for i in range(len1):if site_x + i * 8 < 128:LCD_char(site_x + 8 * i, site_y, ord(str[i:i + 1]), Color, bkColor) #刷新圖片 def LCD_pic(size_x,size_y,dst):for i in range(size_y):for j in range(size_x):bgr = dst[i, j]LCD.Lcd_WriteColor_16(bgr[1], bgr[0])

字符顯示所需要的ASII表

LCD_EN_H = 16 LCD_EN_W = 8 LED_EN_SIZE = (((LCD_EN_W + 7) // 8) * LCD_EN_H) CHARASII = [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x18, 0x18, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x06, 0x86, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC6, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x76, 0xDC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x3C, 0xFF, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xCE, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xE6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x38, 0x78, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x1C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0x0E, 0x06, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7E, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDC, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC2, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6C, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xDE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x66, 0x3A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 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最后當然是調用這些函數來達到開頭的顯示效果，這里使用了opencv來把攝像頭采集的24位全彩圖轉化為液晶可顯示的16位真彩圖。當然也可以不使用opencv，自己進行轉化。`

總結

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