同位语从句用法详解
同位語從句用法詳解(例句豐富)
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一、同位語從句的引導詞
引導同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that，whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。
1. 由that引導
We heard the news that our team had won. 我們聽到消息說我們隊贏了。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們為你生病發愁。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出結論這樣做是不明智的。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那筆錢不見了這一事實并不意味著是被偷了。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼關于地球繞太陽轉的說法。
【注意1】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。如：
They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他們面對廢除這個稅的要求。
They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他們表示希望她接受這筆獎金。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一項建議是布朗應該離隊。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采納新規則的建議是主席提出的。
The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允許婦女參加這個協會的決議通過了。
I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他們希望你作主要發言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】引導同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。如：
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機了。
2. 由whether引導
There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否會來還不一定。
Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的問題：你來不來。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 這個是對還是錯要看結果。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我們不是在調查他是否可以信任的問題。
【注意】whether 可引導同位語從句，但if不能引導同位語從句。
3. 由連接代詞引導
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時候開始嗎?
From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was. 從1985年到1990年我是地方黨部的教員。隨后我回到一家工廠工作。當時我不知道賭場是什么樣的地方。
4. 由連接副詞引導
I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么時候回來。
It is a question how he did it. 那是一個他如何做的問題。
He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她為什么離開。
You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多著急!
二、關于分離同位語從句
有時同位語從句可以和同位的名詞分開。如：
The story goes that he beats his wife. 傳說他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息傳開說他中彩得了一輛汽車。
The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 謠傳這里要蓋一所新學校。
Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有傳言說史密斯一家要離開這座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下來，所有居民都必須撤出村子。(G31)
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二、同位語從句與定語從句的區別
1．意義的不同
同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內容的，它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號；而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區別開來：
We are glad at the news that he will come. 聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。(news的內容就是that he will come，故that引導的是同位語從句)
We are glad at the news that he told us. 聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句)
2. 引導詞的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引導名詞性從句，但不引導定語從句。
3. 引導詞的功能上的不同
that引導同位語從句時，它不充當句子成分，而引導定語從句時，它作為關系代詞，要么充當定語從句的主語，要么充當定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當told的賓語。
4. 被修飾詞語的區別
同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。 另外，when和where 引導定語從句時，通常只修飾表示時間和地點的名詞，而它們引導同位語從句時卻不一定；又如why引導定語從句，它通常只修飾名詞the reason，而它引導同位語從句時則不一定：
I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他們什么時候來。(同位語從句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永遠不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句)(from?www.hxen.com)
We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我們不明白這個問題，為什么這是最好的選擇。(同位語從句 )
The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能來開會，原因是他生病了。(定語從句)
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