論機電一體化的發展

By integration of machinery development

現代科學技術的不斷發展，極大地推動了不同學科的交叉與滲透，導致了工程領域的技術革命與改造,在機械工程領域，由于微電子技術和計算機技術的迅速發展及其向機械工業的滲透所形成的機電一體化，使機械工業的技術結構、產品機構、功能與構成、生產方式及管理體系發生了巨大變化，使工業生產由“機械電氣化”邁入了“機電一體化”為特征的發展階段。

The modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation, in mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to enter into “the integration of machinery” by “the machinery electrification” for the characteristic development phase.

• 機電一體化概要

First, the integration of machinery outline

機電一體化是指在機構得主功能、動力功能、信息處理功能和控制功能上引進電子技術，將機械裝置與電子化設計及軟件結合起來所構成的系統的總稱。

Integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call.

機電一體化發展至今也已成為一門有著自身體系的新型學科，隨著科學技術的不但發展，還將被賦予新的內容,但其基本特征可概括為：機電一體化是從系統的觀點出發，綜合運用機械技術、微電子技術、自動控制技術、計算機技術、信息技術、傳感測控技術、電力電子技術、接口技術、信息變換技術以及軟件編程技術等群體技術，根據系統功能目標和優化組織目標，合理配置與布局各功能單元，在多功能、高質量、高可靠性、低能耗的意義上實現特定功能價值，并使整個系統最優化的系統工程技術,由此而產生的功能系統，則成為一個機電一體化系統或機電一體化產品。The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along with the science and technology, but also entrusts with the new content, but its basic characteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from the system viewpoint, synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, information technology, sensing observation and control technology, electric power electronic technology, connection technology, information conversion technology as well as software programming technology, according to the system function goal and the optimized organization goal, reasonable disposition and the layout various functions unit, in multi-purpose, high grade, redundant reliable, in the low energy consumption significance realize the specific function value, and causes the overall system optimization the systems engineering technology, from this produces function system, then becomes an integration of machinery systematic or the integration of machinery product.

因此，“機電一體化”涵蓋“技術”和“產品”兩個方面,只是，機電一體化技術是基于上述群體技術有機融合的一種綜合技術，而不是機械技術、微電子技術以及其它新技術的簡單組合、拼湊。這是機電一體化與機械加電氣所形成的機械電氣化在概念上的根本區別,機械工程技術有純技術發展到機械電氣化，仍屬傳統機械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的體力,但是發展到機電一體化后，其中的微電子裝置除可取代某些機械部件的原有功能外，還能賦予許多新的功能，如自動檢測、自動處理信息、自動顯示記錄、自動調節與控制自動診斷與保護等,即機電一體化產品不僅是人的手與肢體的延伸，還是人的感官與頭腦的眼神，具

有智能化的特征是機電一體化與機械電氣化在功能上的本質區別。

Therefore, “the integration of machinery” covering “the technology” and “the product” two aspects, only are, the integration of machinery technology is based on the above community technology organic fusion one kind of comprehensive technology, but is not mechanical technical, the microelectronic technology as well as other new technical simple combination, pieces together, this is the integration of machinery and the machinery adds the machinery electrification which the electricity forms in the concept basic difference, the mechanical engineering technology has the merely technical to develop the machinery electrification, still was the traditional machinery, its main function still was replaces with the enlargement physical strength, after but developed the integration of machinery, micro electron installment eliminated may substitute for certain mechanical parts original?Outside function, but also can entrust with many new functions, like the automatic detection, the automatic reduction information, demonstrate the record, the automatic control and the control automatic diagnosis and the protection automatically and so on, not only namely the integration of machinery product is human's hand and body extending, human's sense organ and the brains look, has the intellectualized characteristic is the integration of machinery and the machinery electrification distinguishes in the function essence.

二、機電一體化的發展狀況

Second, the integration of machinery development condition

機電一體化的發展大體可以分為3個階段,20世紀60年代以前為第一階段，這一階段稱為初級階段,在這一時期，人們自覺不自覺地利用電子技術的初步成果來完善機械產品的性能。特別是在第二次世界大戰期間，戰爭刺激了機械產品與電子技術的結合，這些機電結合的軍用技術，戰后轉為民用，對戰后經濟的恢復起了積極的作用,那時研制和開發從總體上看還處于自發狀態,由于當時電子技術的發展尚未達到一定水平，機械技術與電子技術的結合還不可能廣泛和深入發展，已經開發的產品也無法大量推廣。

Integration of machinery development may divide into 3 stages roughly, 20th century 60's before for the first stage, this stage is called the initial stage, in this time, the people determination not on own initiative uses the electronic technology the preliminary achievement to consummate the mechanical product the performance, specially in Second World War period, the war has stimulated the mechanical product and the electronic technology union, these mechanical and electrical union military technology, postwar transfers civilly, to the postwar economical restoration positive function, has developed and the development at that time generally speaking also is at the spontaneous condition, because at that time the electronic technology development not yet achieved certainly?Level.?Mechanical technical and electronic technology union also not impossible widespread and thorough development, already developed the product was also unable to promote massively.

20世紀70~80年代為第二階段，可稱為蓬勃發展階段。這一時期，計算機技術、控制技術、通信技術的發展，為機電一體化的發展奠定了技術基礎。大規模、超大規模集成電路和微型計算機的迅猛發展，為機電一體化的發展提供了充分的物質基礎。這個時期的特點是：①Mechatronics一詞首先在日本被普遍接受，大約到20世紀80年代末期在世界范圍內得到比較廣泛的承認；②機電一體化技術和產品得到了極大發展；③各國均開始對機電一體化技術和產品給以很大的關注和支持。

The 20th century 70~80 ages for the second stage, may be called the vigorous development stage, this time, the computer technology, the control technology, the communication development, has laid the technology base for the integration of machinery development, large-scale, ultra large scale integrated circuit and microcomputer swift and violent development, has provided the full material base for the integration of machinery development, this time characteristic is:①A mechatronics word first generally is accepted in Japan, probably obtains the quite widespread acknowledgment to 1980s last stages in the worldwide scale;②The integration of machinery technology and the product obtained the enormous development;③The various countries start to the integration of machinery technology and the product give the very big attention and the support.

20世紀90年代后期，開始了機電一體化技術向智能化方向邁進的新階段，機電一體化進入深入發展時期。一方面，光學、通信技術等進入了機電一體化，微細加工技術也在機電一體化中嶄露頭腳，出現了光機電一體化和微機電一體化等新分支；另一方面對機電一體化系統的建模設計、分析和集成方法，機電一體化的學科體系和發展趨勢都進行了深入研究。同時，由于人工智能技術、神經網絡技術及光纖技術等領域取得的巨大進步，為機電一體化技術開辟了發展的廣闊天地。這些研究，將促使機電一體化進一步建立完整的基礎和逐漸形成完整的科學體系。

1990s later periods, started the integration of machinery technology the new stage which makes great strides forward to the intellectualized direction, the integration of machinery enters the thorough development time, on the one hand, optics, the communication and so on entered the integration of machinery, processes the technology also zhan to appear tiny in the integration of machinery the foot, appeared the light integration of machinery and the micro integration of machinery and so on the new branch; On the other hand to the integration of machinery system modelling design, the analysis and the integrated method, the integration of machinery discipline system and the trend of development has all conducted the thorough research, simultaneously, because domains and so on artificial intelligence technology, neural network technology and optical fiber technology obtain the huge progress, opened the development vast world for the integration of machinery technology, these research, will urge the integration of machinery further to establish the integrity the foundation and forms the integrity gradually the scientific system.

三、機電一體化的發展趨勢

Third, the integration of machinery trend of development

機電一體化是集機械、電子、光學、控制、計算機、信息等多學科的交叉綜合，它的發展和進步依賴并促進相關技術的發展和進步。因此，機電一體化的主要發展方向如下：

Integration of machinery is the collection machinery, the electron, optics, the control, the computer, the information and so on the multi-disciplinary overlapping syntheses, its development and the progress rely on and promote the correlation technology development and the progress, therefore, the integration of machinery main development direction is as follows:

3.1智能化

3.1Intellectualized

智能化是21世紀機電一體化技術發展的一個重要發展方向。人工智能在機電一體化建設者的研究日益得到重視，機器人與數控機床的智能化就是重要應用。這里所說的“智能化”是對機器行為的描述，是在控制理論的基礎上，吸收人工智能、運籌學、計算機科學、模糊數學、心理學、生理學和混沌動力學等新思想、新方法，模擬人類智能，使它具有判斷推理、邏輯思維、自主決策等能力，以求得到更高的控制目標。誠然，使機電一體化產品具有與人完全相同的智能，是不可能的，也是不必要的。但是，高性能、高速的微處理器使機電一體化產品賦有低級智能或人的部分智能，則是完全可能而又必要的。

Intellectualization is a 21st century integration of machinery technological development important development direction, the artificial intelligence obtains day by day in the integration of machinery constructor's research takes, the robot and the numerical control engine bed intellectualization is the important application, here said “the intellectualization” is to the machine behavior description, is in the control theory foundation, the absorption artificial intelligence, the operations research, the computer science, the fuzzy mathematics, the psychology, the physiology and the chaos dynamics and so on the new thought, the new method, simulate the human intelligence, enable it to have abilities and so on judgment inference, logical thinking, independent decision-making, obtains the higher control goal in order to, indeed, enable the integration of machinery product to have?With the human identical intelligence, is not impossible, also is nonessential, but, the high performance, the high speed microprocessor enable the integration of machinery product to have preliminary intelligent or human's partial intelligences, then is completely possible and essential.

3.2模塊化

3.2 Modular

模塊化是一項重要而艱巨的工程。由于機電一體化產品種類和生產廠家繁多，研制和開發具有標準機械接口、電氣接口、動力接口、環境接口的機電一體化產品單元是一項十分復雜但又是非常重要的事。如研制集減速、智能調速、電機于一體的動力單元，具有視覺、圖像處理、識別和測距等功能的控制單元，以及各種能完成典型操作的機械裝置。這樣，可利用標準單元迅速開發出新產品，同時也可以擴大生產規模。這需要制定各項標準，以便各部件、單元的匹配和接口。由于利益沖突，近期很難制定國際或國內這方面的標準，但可以通過組建一些大企業逐漸形成。顯然，從電氣產品的標準化、系列化帶來的好處可以肯定，無論是對生產標準機電一體化單元的企業還是對生產機電一體化產品的企業，規模化將給機電一體化企業帶來美好的前程。

Modulations are one item important and the arduous project, because the integration of machinery product type and the manufacturer are many, but the development and the development have standard mechanical connection, electrical connection, power connection, the environment connection integration of machinery product unit are an item extremely complex also are the extremely important matters, like the development collection deceleration, the intelligent velocity modulation, the electrical machinery in a body power unit, have function and so on vision, imagery processing, recognition and range finder control units, as well as each kind can complete the model operation the mechanism, like this, may use the standard unit to develop the new product rapidly, simultaneously also may expand the scale of production, this need formulation?Each standard, in order to various parts, the unit match and the connection, as a result of the conflicts of interest, very will be difficult to formulate international or the domestic this aspect standard in the near future, but might through set up some big enterprises to form gradually, obviously, the advantage which from the electrical product standardization, the seriation will bring may affirm, regardless of will be to produces the standard integration of machinery unit the enterprise to produce the integration of machinery product the enterprise, the formalization will give the integration of machinery enterprise to bring the happy future.

3.3網絡化

3.3 Network

20世紀90年代，計算機技術等的突出成就是網絡技術。網絡技術的興起和飛速發展給科學技術、工業生產、政治、軍事、教育義舉人么日常生活都帶來了巨大的變革。各種網絡將全球經濟、生產連成一片，企業間的競爭也將全球化。機電一體化新產品一旦研制出來，只要其功能獨到，質量可靠，很快就會暢銷全球。由于網絡的普及，基于網絡的各種遠程控制和監視技術方興未艾，而遠程控制的終端設備本身就是機電一體化產品。現場總線和局域網技術是家用電器網絡化已成大勢，利用家庭網絡將各種家用電器連接成以計算機為中心的計算機集成家電系統，使人們在家里分享各種高技術帶來的便利與快樂。因此，機電一體化產品無疑朝著網絡化方向發展。

1990s, the computer technology and so on the prominent achievement was the networking, networking starting with the rapid development for the science and technology, the industrial production, political, the military, the education magnanimous act person daily life has all brought the huge transformation, each kind of network the global economy, the production linked up into a single stretch, enterprise's competition will also globalize, once the integration of machinery new product developed, so long as its function were original, the quality was reliable, very quick could the best-selling whole world, as a result of the network popularization, was on the rise based on network each kind of long-distance control and the surveillance technology, but long-distance control terminal device itself will be the integration of machinery product, the field busWas the domestic electric appliances network has become the situation with the local area network technology, connected using the family network each kind of domestic electric appliances take the computer as the central computer integration electrical appliances system, caused the people at home to share the inconvenience and the joy which each kind of high-tech brought, therefore, the integration of machinery product faced the network direction to develop without doubt.

3.4微型化

3.4 Microminiaturized

微型化興起于20世紀80年代末，指的是機電一體化向微型機器和微觀領域發展的趨勢。國外稱其為微電子機械系統（MEMS），泛指幾何尺寸不超過1cm3的機電一體化產品，并向微米、納米級發展。微機電一體化產品體積小 、耗能少、運動靈活，在生物醫療、軍事、信息等方面具有不可比擬的優勢。微機電一體化發展的瓶頸在于微機械技術，微機電一體化產品的加工采用精細加工技術，即超精密技術，它包括光刻技術和蝕刻技術兩類。

Microminiaturization emerge in the end of 1980s, refers is the integration of machinery to the miniature machine and the microscopic domain development tendency, overseas name it micro electron mechanical system (MEMS), makes a general reference the geometry size not to surpass 1cm3 the integration of machinery product, and to micron, the nanometer level development, the micro integration of machinery product volume small, consumes energy few, the movement is nimble, in aspects and so on biological medical service, military, information has the incomparable superiority, the micro integration of machinery development bottleneck lies in the micro mechanical technology, the micro integration of machinery product processing uses the fine processing technology, namely ultra precise technology, it including photoetching technology and etching technology two kinds.

3.5綠色化

3.5 Green

工業的發達給人們生活帶來了巨大變化。一方面，物質豐富，生活舒適；另一方面，資源減少，生態環境受到嚴重污染。于是，人們呼吁保護環境資源，回歸自然。綠色產品概念在這種呼聲下應運而生，綠色化是時代的趨勢。綠色產品在其設計、制造、使用和銷毀的生命過程中，符合特定的環境保護和人類健康的要求，對生態環境無害或危害極少，資源利用率極高。設計綠色的機電一體化產品，具有遠大的發展前途。機電一體化產品的綠色化主要是指，使用時不污染生態環境，報廢后能回收利用。

Industries lived developed for the people have brought the huge change, on the one hand, the material was rich, the life was comfortable; On the other hand, the resources reduce, the ecological environment receives the serious pollution, therefore, the people appealed the protection environment resources, the return nature, the green product concept arises at the historic moment under this kind of call, the green is the time tendency, the green product in its design, the manufacture, the use and in the destruction life process, conforms to the specific environmental protection and the human health request, harmless or the harm are extremely few to the ecological environment, the resources use factor is extremely high, the design green integration of machinery product, has the broad development future, the integration of machinery product green mainly is refers, when use does not pollute the ecological environment, after the abandonment can recycle the use.

3.6系統化

3.6 systematizations

系統化的表現特征之一就是系統體系結構進一步采用開放式和模式化的總線結構。系統可以靈活組態，進行任意剪裁和組合，同時尋求實現多子系統協調控制和綜合管理。表現之二是通信功能的大大加強，一般除RS232外，還有RS485、DCS人格化。未來的機電一體化更加注重產品與人的關系，機電一體化的人格化有兩層含義。一層是，機電一體化產品的最終使用對象是人，如何賦予機電一體化產品人的智能、情感、人性顯得越來越重要，特別是對家用機器人，其高層境界就是人機一體化。另一層是模仿生物機理，研制各種機電一體花產品。事實上，許多機電一體化產品都是受動物的啟發研制出來的

One of systematized performance characteristics is the system architecture further uses open style and the patternizing main line structure. the system may the nimble configuration, carries on tailors and the combination willfully, simultaneously seeks realizes the multi-subsystem coordination control and the synthesis management, second performance is the correspondence function big enhancement, generally besides RS232, but also will have RS485, the DCS personification, the future integration of machinery even more pays great attention to the product and human's relations, the integration of machinery personification will have two meanings, one will be, the integration of machinery product finally user will be a human, how will entrust with the integration of machinery product person's intelligence, the emotion, the human nature appears more and more importantly, specially the opposite partyWith the robot, its high-level boundary is the man-machine integration, another imitates the biological mechanism, develops each kind of mechanical and electrical body flower product, in fact, many integration of machinery products all are developed animal's inspiration.

四、典型的機電一體化產品

Fourth, the model integration of machinery product

機電一體化產品分系統(整機)和基礎元、部件兩大類。典型的機電一體化系統有：數控機床、機器人、汽車電子化產品、智能化儀器儀表、電子排版印刷系統、CAD／CAM系統等。典型的機電一體化元、部件有：電力電子器件及裝置、可編程序控制器、模糊控制器、微型電機、傳感器、專用集成電路、伺服機構等。這些典型的機電一體化產品的技術現狀、發展趨勢、市場前景分析從略。

Integration of machinery product subsystem (complete machine) and the foundation Yuan, the part two big kinds, the typical integration of machinery system includes: The numerical control engine bed, the robot, the automobile computerization product, the intellectualized instrument measuring appliance, the electronic publishing printing system, the CAD/CAM system and so on, the typical integration of machinery Yuan, the part includes: Electric power electronic device and equipment, programmable controller, fuzzy controller, miniature electrical machinery, sensor, special-purpose integrated circuit, servo and so on, these model integration of machinery product technical present situation, trend of development, market prospect analysis omitting.

五、我國發展“機電一體化”面臨的形勢和任務

Fifth, our country develops the situation and the duty integration of machinery work which “

機電一體化工作主要包括兩個層次：一是用微電子技術改造傳統產業，其目的是節能、節材，提高工效，提高產品質量，把傳統工業的技術進步提高一步；二是開發自動化、數字化、智能化機電產品，促進產品的更新換代。

The integration of machinery” faces mainly includes two levels: One, with the microelectronic technology transformation tradition industry, its goal is the energy conservation, the nodal wood, enhances the work efficiency, improves the product quality, enhances the traditional industry technology advancement one step; Two, development automation, digitization, intellectualized mechanical and electrical products, promotion product renewal.

(一)我國“機電一體化”工作面臨的形勢

(1) our country “the integration of machinery” the work faces situation

1. 我國用微電子技術改造傳統工業的工作量大而廣，有難度

1. Our country is big with the microelectronic technology transformation tradition industry work load and is broad, has difficulty

2. 我國用機電一體化技術加速產品更新換代，提高市場占有率的呼聲高，有壓力。

2. Our country with the integration of machinery technology acceleration product renewal, enhances the market share the call to be high, has the pressure.

3. 我國用機電一體化產品取代技術含量和附加值低，耗能、耗水、耗材高，污染、擾民產品的責任重，有意義。在我國工業系統中，能耗、耗水大戶，對環境污染嚴重的企業還占相當大的比重。近年來我國的工業結構、產品結構雖然幾經調整，但由于多種原因，成效一直不夠明顯。這里面固然有上級領導部門的政出多門問題，有企業的“故土難離”“死守故業”問題，但不可否認也有優化不出理想的產業，優選不出中意的產品問題。上佳的答案早就擺在了這些企業的面前，這就是發展機電一體化，開發和生產有關的機電一體化產品。機電一體化產品功能強、性能好、質量高、成本低，且具有柔性，可根據市場需要和用戶反映時產品結構和生產過程做必要的調整、改革，而無須改換設備。這是解決機電產品多品種、少批量生產的重要出路。同時，可為傳統的機械工業注入新鮮血液，帶來新的活力，把機械生產從繁重的體力勞動中解脫出來，實現文明生產。

3.Our country is low with the integration of machinery product substitution technology content and the added value, consumes energy, the water consumption, consumes the material to be high, the pollution, harasses the people product the responsibility to be heavy, has the significance, in our country industrial system, the energy consumption, the water consumption wealthy and powerful family, also accounts for the quite great proportion to the environmental pollution serious enterprise, in recent years our country's industry structure, product mix although several passes through the adjustment, but because many kinds of reasons, the result continuously insufficiently is obvious, inside this no doubt has the higher authority to lead the department the policy comes out of many doors question, “therefore has the enterprise “to hate to leave one's native land” clings to tenaciously industry” the question, but undeniable also has cannot optimize the ideal industry, optimal pleasing product?The question, on the good answer already suspended at these enterprise's front, this was the development integration of machinery, developed with the production related integration of machinery product, the integration of machinery product function strong, the performance good, the quality high, the cost was low, also had the flexibility, might according to when the market requirement and the user reflection the product mix and the production process made the essential adjustment, the reform, but did not need to change the equipment, this was the solution mechanical and electrical products multi-varieties, the few volume production important outlet, simultaneously, might pour into the fresh blood for the traditional mechanical industry, brought the new vigor, extricated the machinery production from the arduous physical labor, realization?Enlightened production.

另外，從市場需求的角度看，由于我國研制、開發機電一體化產品的歷史不長，差距較大，許多產品的品種、數量、檔次、質量都不能滿足需求，每年進口量都比較大，因此亟需發展。

Moreover, looked from the market demand angle, because our country develops, the development integration of machinery product history is not long, the disparity is big, many product varieties, quantity, the scale, the quality all cannot meet the need, the import volume all quite is big every year, therefore must develop urgently.

(二) 我國“機電一體化”工作的任務

(2) Our country “the integration of machinery” work duty

我國在機電一體化方面的任務可以概括為兩句話：一句話是廣泛深入地用機電一體化技術改造傳統產業；另一句話是大張旗鼓地開發機電一體化產品，促進機電產品的更新換代。總的目的是促進機電一體產業的形成、為我國產業結構和產品結構調整作貢獻。

Our country may summarize in the integration of machinery aspect duty is two speeches: A speech widely thoroughly uses the integration of machinery technological transformations tradition industry; Another speech is develops the integration of machinery product on a grand scale, the promotion mechanical and electrical products renewal, the total goal is the promotion mechanical and electrical body industry formation, makes the contribution for our country industrial structure and the product mix adjustment.

總之，機電一體化技術既是振興傳統機電工業的新鮮血液和源動力，又是開啟我國機電行業產品結構、產業結構調整大門的鑰匙。

In brief, the integration of machinery technology not only is promotes the traditional mechanical and electrical industry fresh blood and the source power, also is opens our country mechanical and electrical profession product mix, the industrial structure adjusts the front door the key.

六、我國發展“機電一體化”的對策

Sixth, our country develops “the integration of machinery” countermeasure

• 加強統籌安排，協調發展計劃

(1) Enhancement overall plan arrangement, coordinated development plan

目前，我國從事“機電一體化”研究開發及生產的單位很多。各自都有一套自己的發展策略。各單位的計劃由于受各自立足點、著眼點的限制，難免只考慮局部利益，各主管部門的有關計劃和規劃，也有統一考慮不足，統籌安排不夠的問題，同時缺少綜觀全局的有權威性的發展計劃和戰略規劃。因此，建議各主管部門責成有關單位在進行深入調查研究、科學分析的基礎上，制定出統管全局的“機電一體化”研究、開發、生產計劃和規劃，避免開發上重復，生產上撞車!

At present, our country is engaged in the unit which “the integration of machinery” the research develops and produces to be very many, each one all has a set of own development strategy, various units' plan as a result of respective standpoint, the objective point limit, only is considered unavoidably the local interest, various department responsible for the work's related plan and plan, also some unification consideration insufficiency, the overall plan arrangement insufficient question, simultaneously lacks the comprehensive survey overall situation to have the authority development plan and the strategic plan, therefore, suggested various department responsible for the work charges the unit concerned in to conduct the thorough investigation and study, in the scientific analysis foundation, formulates manages the overall situation “the integration of machinery” the research, the development, the productive plan and the plan?Avoids developing duplicates, produces has a collision!

• 強化行業管理，發揮“協會”作用

(2) Strengthened profession management, display “association” function

目前，我國“機電一體化”較熱，而按目前的行業劃分方法和管理體制，“政出多門”是難哆的。因此，我國有必要明確一個“機電一體化”行業的統管機構，根據目前國家政治體制改革和經濟體制改革的精神，以及機電一體化行業特點，我們建議，盡快加強北京機電一體化協會的建設，賦予其行業管理職能。“協會”要進一步擴大領導機構——理事會的代表層面和復蓋面，要加強辦公室、秘書處的建設；要通過其精明干練的辦事機構、經濟實體，組織“行業”發展計劃、戰略規劃的擬制；指導行業布點布局的調整，進行發展突破口的選擇，抓好重點工程的試點和有關項目的發標、招標工作……

At present, our country “integration of machinery” hot, but according to the present profession division method and the management system, “the policy comes out of many doors” is difficult duo, therefore, our country has the necessity to be clear about one “the integration of machinery” the profession to manage the organization, according to the present country political reform and the economic restructuring spirit, as well as the integration of machinery profession characteristic, we suggested, strengthens Beijing Integration of machinery Association as soon as possible the construction, entrusts with its profession management function, “the association” must further expand the leadership organization - - council representative the stratification plane and the coverage, must strengthen the office, secretariat's construction; Must through its astute capable administrative body, the economic entity, the organization “the profession” the development plan, strategic plan drawing up; The instruction profession stationing layout adjustment, carries on develops the breach choice, pays special attention to the priority project the experiment site and the related project loses one's temper, the tender work ......

(三)優化發展環境、增大支持力度

(3) Optimized development environment, increases the support dynamics

優化發展環境指通過宣傳群眾，造成一種社會上下、企業內外都重視、支持“機電一體化”發展的氛圍，如盡快為外商到我國投資發展“機電一體化”產業提供方便；盡可能為興辦開發、生產機電一體化產品的高新技術企業開綠燈；盡力為開發、生產機電一體化產品調配好資源要素等。

Optimization development environment to refer through the propaganda populace, creates about inside and outside one kind of society, the enterprise all takes, the support “the integration of machinery” the development atmosphere, if as soon as possible invests the development for the foreign merchant to our country “the integration of machinery” the industry to provide the convenience; As far as possible for establishes the development, the production integration of machinery product high technology and new technology enterprise gives the green light; With every effort for the development, the production integration of machinery product mixes the resources essential factor and so on.

增大支持力度，在技術政策上，要嚴格限制耗電、耗水、耗材高的傳統產品的發展，對未采用機電一體化技術落后產品限制強制淘汰；大力提倡用機電一體化技術對傳統產業進行改造，對有關機電一體化技術對傳統產業乾地改造，對有關技術開發、應用項目優先立項、優先支持，對在技術開發、應用中做出貢獻的單位領導、科技人員進行表彰獎勵等。

Increases the support dynamics, in the technical policy, must limit strictly consumes the electricity, the water consumption, consumes the material high legacy product the development, to has not used the integration of machinery technology backwardness product limit compulsion elimination; Promotes with great effort carries on the transformation with the integration of machinery technology to the traditional industry, transforms dryly to the related integration of machinery technology to the traditional industry, to the related technical development, the application project first initiates a project, first supports, to in the technical development, the application makes the contribution the unit to lead, the technical personnel carries on the commendation reward and so on.

• 突出發展重點，兼顧“兩個層次”

(4) prominent development priorities, proper attention to both “two levels

機電一體化產業復蓋面非常廣，而我們的財力、人力和物力是有限的，因此我們在抓機電一體化產業發展時不能面面俱到、平鋪直敘，而應分清主次，大膽取舍，有所為，有所不為。要注意抓兩個層次上的工作。第一個層次是“面上”的工作，即用電子信息技術對傳統產業進行改造，在傳統的機電設備上植入或嫁接上微電子(計算機)裝置，使“機械”和“電子”技術在淺層次上結合。第二個層次是“提高”工作，即在新產品設計之初，就把“機械”與“電子”統一起來進行考慮，使“機械”與“電子”密不可分，深度結合，生產出來的新產品起碼正做到機電一體化。

The integration of machinery industry coverage is extremely broad, but our financial resource, the manpower and the physical resource are limited, therefore we when stresses the integration of machinery industry development cannot attend to every detail, write in a straightforward manner, but should distinguish clearly primary and secondary, the bold choices, has the behavior, can refrain from doing things, must pay attention stresses in two levels the work, the first level is “on the surface” the work, namely carries on the transformation with the electronic information technology to the traditional industry, implants or grafts on the micro electron on the traditional electromechanical device (computer) to install, causes “the machinery” and “the electron” the technology unifies in the shallow level, the second level is “the enhancement” the work?Namely at the beginning of the new product design, and “the electron” unifies “the machinery” carries on the consideration, causes “the machinery” and “the electron”?inseparable, the depth union, produces the new product is achieving the integration of machinery at least.

七、結語

Seventh, the conclusion

綜上所述，機電一體化的出現不是孤立的，它是許多科學技術發展的結晶，是社會生產力發展到一定階段的必然要求。當然，與機電一體化相關的技術還有很多，并且隨著科學技術的發展，各種技術相互融合的趨勢將越來越明顯，機電一體化技術的廣闊發展前景也將越來越光明。

In summary, the integration of machinery appearance is not isolated, it is many science and technology development crystallization, is the social productive forces develops the certain stage inevitably request?Certainly, also has with the integration of machinery related technology very many, and along with the science and technology development, the tendency which each kind of technology will fuse mutually more and more is obvious, the integration of machinery technology broad prospects for development more and more will be also bright.

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的论机电一体化的发展By integration of machinery development的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。