本文將介紹TCP和UDP兩種服務(wù)器與客戶端之間的通信協(xié)議

1、首先介紹TCP和UDP分別是什么：TCP（Transfer Control Protocol） 是傳輸控制協(xié)議的縮寫，被稱 TCP / IP。UDP （User Datagram Protocol）是用戶數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)協(xié)議的縮寫，一個(gè)無連接的協(xié)議。
2、本文用到的socket是什么：socket套接字提供了兩臺計(jì)算機(jī)之間的通信機(jī)制。 客戶端程序創(chuàng)建一個(gè)套接字，并嘗試連接服務(wù)器的套接字。
3、本文主要內(nèi)容：

• 服務(wù)器端ServerSocket 對象建立方法：new ServerSocket(2000);端口號為2000
• 服務(wù)器端Socket對象建立方法：ServerSocket對象調(diào)用accept()方法
• 利用Socket對象獲得輸入流：getInputStream()
• 利用輸入流獲得Scanner輸入對象：Scanner(s.getInputStream())
• 客戶端連接服務(wù)器方法：Socket(“127.1.1.1”,2000); 給Socket傳遞兩個(gè)參數(shù)分別是服務(wù)器的IP與端口號
• 利用Socket對象獲得輸出流：getOutputStream()
• 利用輸出流對象進(jìn)行流輸出對象：PrintStream(s.getOutputStream())

一、TCP/IP協(xié)議信息的發(fā)送和接受

1、服務(wù)器一次性向客戶端發(fā)送信息

服務(wù)器service代碼：

import java.net.*; import java.io.*; class service {public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(2000);Socket s=new Socket();while(true){s=ss.accept();PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream());ps.println("hello world");}} }

客戶端client代碼：

import java.net.*; import java.util.*; class client {public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{Socket s=new Socket("127.1.1.1",2000);Scanner sc=new Scanner(s.getInputStream());System.out.println(sc.nextLine());} }

2、服務(wù)器連續(xù)向客戶端發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)鍵入quit結(jié)束信息的發(fā)送

服務(wù)器service代碼

import java.net.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; class server { Socket s; server(Socket s) throws Exception { this.s=s; PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream()); Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); while(sc.hasNext()) { String str=sc.nextLine(); if(str.equals("quit"))System.exit(1); ps.println(str); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(2000); while(true) { new server(ss.accept()); } } }

客戶端client代碼

import java.net.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; class client { client() { try{ Socket s=new Socket("127.1.1.1",2000); Scanner sc=new Scanner(s.getInputStream()); while(sc.hasNext()) { String str=sc.nextLine(); if (str.equals("quit"))System.exit(1); System.out.println(str); } }catch(Exception e){} } public static void main(String[] args) { client sc=new client(); } }

3、客戶端連續(xù)向服務(wù)器發(fā)送信息，鍵入quit結(jié)束發(fā)送

服務(wù)器server代碼

import java.net.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; class server { server() { try{ ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(2000);Socket s=new Socket(); Scanner sc=new Scanner(s.getInputStream()); while(sc.hasNext()) {s=ss.accept(); String str=sc.nextLine(); if(str.equals("quit"))System.exit(1); System.out.println(str); } }catch(Exception e){} } public static void main(String[] args) {server1 sc=new server();} }

客戶端client代碼

import java.net.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; class client { client() { try{ Socket s=new Socket("127.1.1.1",2000); PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream()); Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); while(sc.hasNext()) { String str=sc.nextLine(); if (str.equals("quit"))System.exit(1); ps.println(str); } }catch(Exception e){} } public static void main(String[] args) { client sc=new client(); } }

4、服務(wù)器端與客戶端各利用兩個(gè)線程分別用于發(fā)送和接收，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向信息接收，鍵入“exit”退出程序。

服務(wù)器service代碼

import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.net.*; class servicereceive extends Thread { Socket s; ServerSocket ss; Scanner sc; public void run() { try{ ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(2001); Socket s=new Socket(); while(true) { s=ss.accept(); Scanner sc=new Scanner(s.getInputStream()); while(sc.hasNext()) { String str=sc.nextLine(); if (str.equals("exit"))System.exit(1); System.out.println("receive:"+str); } System.exit(1); } }catch(Exception e){} } } class servicesend extends Thread { ServerSocket ss; Socket s; PrintStream ps; Scanner sc; public void run() { try{ ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(2000); Socket s=new Socket(); Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);while(true) { s=ss.accept(); PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream()); while(sc.hasNext()){ String str=sc.nextLine(); if(str.equals("exit"))System.exit(1); ps.println(str); System.out.println("send:"+str); } } }catch(Exception e){}} } class service { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { new servicereceive().start(); new servicesend().start(); } }

客戶端client代碼

import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.net.*; class clientreceive extends Thread { Socket s; Scanner sc; public void run() { try{ Socket s=new Socket("127.1.1.1",2000); Scanner sc=new Scanner(s.getInputStream()); while(sc.hasNext()) { String str=sc.nextLine(); if (str.equals("exit"))System.exit(1); System.out.println("receive:"+str); } }catch(Exception e){}} } class clientsend extends Thread { Socket s; PrintStream ps; Scanner sc; public void run() { try{ Socket s=new Socket("127.1.1.1",2001); PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream()); Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); while(sc.hasNext()) { String str=sc.nextLine(); if (str.equals("exit"))System.exit(1); ps.println(str); System.out.println("send:"+str); } }catch(Exception e){}} } class client { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { new clientreceive().start(); new clientsend().start(); } }

5、服務(wù)器向多個(gè)客戶端發(fā)送信息

• 帶線程的類的建立：class multitalk extends Thread
• 多線程對象的建立：multitalk(ss.accept())
• 重寫抽象方法：public void run()
  服務(wù)器端代碼

import java.net.*; import java.util.*; import java.io.*; class multitalk extends Thread { Socket s; multitalk(Socket s){this.s=s;} public void run() { try{ PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream()); Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); while(sc.hasNext()) { String str=sc.nextLine(); ps.println(str); if(str.equals("bye")){System.exit(1);} } }catch(Exception e){} } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(2000); while(true){ multitalk mt=new multitalk(ss.accept()); mt.start(); }}}

客戶端代碼

import java.util.*; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class multiclient { multiclient() { try{ Socket s=new Socket("127.1.1.1",2000); Scanner sc=new Scanner(s.getInputStream()); while(sc.hasNext()) { String str=sc.nextLine(); System.out.println(str); if(str.equals("bye"))System.exit(1); } }catch(Exception e){} } public static void main(String[] args) { new multiclient(); } }

二、UDP協(xié)議信息的發(fā)送和接收

主要內(nèi)容

• 數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)socket類對象的建立：DatagramSocket(port)
• 數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)對象的建立：DatagramPacket(b,b.length)或DatagramPacket(b,0,b.length,InetAddress.getByName(ip),port)
• 數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)socket類對象接收或發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)對象ds.receive(indp);ds.send(outdp);
• DatagramSocket(port)

1、服務(wù)器接收客戶端信息

服務(wù)端和客戶端公共類udpmessage

import java.net.*; class udpmessage { DatagramPacket indp, outdp; DatagramSocket ds; byte[] b; udpmessage(int port) throws Exception { ds=new DatagramSocket(port); } void sendmessage(String ip,int port) throws Exception { b=new byte[32]; String str="hello from send"; b=str.getBytes(); outdp=new DatagramPacket(b,0,b.length,InetAddress.getByName(ip),port); ds.send(outdp); } void receivemessage() throws Exception { b=new byte[32]; while(true) { indp=new DatagramPacket(b,b.length); ds.receive(indp); System.out.println(new String(b,0,b.length)); } } }

發(fā)送端代碼

class sendmessage { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { udpmessage send=new udpmessage(4000); send.sendmessage("127.1.1.1",2000); } }

接收端代碼

class receivemessage { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { udpmessage receive=new udpmessage(2000); receive.receivemessage(); } }

2、服務(wù)器端向客戶端組播信息

主要內(nèi)容

• 數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)類：DatagramPacket(b,0,b.length,group,port)
• 組播類： 發(fā)送MulticastSocket() 接收MulticastSocket(port);
• 組播地址：group=InetAddress.getByName(ip);
• 加入組播組：joinGroup(group)
  服務(wù)端和客戶端公共類udpmessage

import java.util.*; import java.net.*; class udpcast { InetAddress group; MulticastSocket ss,cs; int port=2000; DatagramPacket indp,outdp; udpcast(String ip) throws Exception { group=InetAddress.getByName(ip); } void send() throws Exception { byte[] buff; Scanner sc =new Scanner(System.in); ss=new MulticastSocket(); ss.joinGroup(group); while(sc.hasNext()) { String str=sc.nextLine(); buff=str.getBytes(); outdp=new DatagramPacket(buff,0,buff.length,group,port); ss.send(outdp); if(str.equals("quit"))System.exit(0); } } void receive()throws Exception { cs=new MulticastSocket(port); cs.joinGroup(group); while(true) { byte[] buff=new byte[32]; indp=new DatagramPacket(buff,0,buff.length,group,port); cs.receive(indp); String str=new String(buff,0,buff.length); System.out.println(str); if(str.trim().equals("quit"))System.exit(0); } } }

發(fā)送端

class udpcastserver { public static void main(String[] e) throws Exception { new udpcast("224.0.0.0").send(); } }

接收端

class udpcastclient { public static void main(String[] e) throws Exception { new udpcast("224.0.0.0").receive(); } }

以上就是本文所有內(nèi)容，希望能幫到大家！！！

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