文章目錄

• • 簡(jiǎn)單粗暴堆點(diǎn)
  • 各點(diǎn)有序上升下降
  • 對(duì)樣本分組繪圖

這種圖主要是針對(duì)一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系，簡(jiǎn)潔明了，圖形的可讀性很強(qiáng)，因?yàn)闂l形圖在空間上是二維的，不容易直觀建立一一對(duì)應(yīng)的變量關(guān)聯(lián)。

簡(jiǎn)單粗暴堆點(diǎn)

library(gcookbook) library(ggplot2) tophit <- tophitters2001[1:25,] head(tophit) A data.frame: 6 × 26 idfirstlastnameyearstintteamlggab...sbcsbbsoibbhbpshsfgidpavg<fct><chr><chr><chr><int><int><fct><fct><int><int>...<int><int><int><int><int><int><int><int><int><dbl>

walkela01	Larry	Walker	Larry Walker	2001	1	COL	NL	142	497	...	14	5	82	103	6	14	0	8	9	0.3501
suzukic01	Ichiro	Suzuki	Ichiro Suzuki	2001	1	SEA	AL	157	692	...	56	14	30	53	10	8	4	4	3	0.3497
giambja01	Jason	Giambi	Jason Giambi	2001	1	OAK	AL	154	520	...	2	0	129	83	24	13	0	9	17	0.3423
alomaro01	Roberto	Alomar	Roberto Alomar	2001	1	CLE	AL	157	575	...	30	6	80	71	5	4	9	9	9	0.3357
heltoto01	Todd	Helton	Todd Helton	2001	1	COL	NL	159	587	...	7	5	98	104	15	5	1	5	14	0.3356
aloumo01	Moises	Alou	Moises Alou	2001	1	HOU	NL	136	513	...	5	1	57	57	14	3	0	8	18	0.3314

ggplot(tophit, aes(x = avg, y = name)) + geom_point()

各點(diǎn)有序上升下降

觀察一下上面的圖可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，點(diǎn)上升得很凌亂，沒(méi)有規(guī)律。因?yàn)檫@里Y軸是按字母序排列的，我們使用reorder來(lái)重排一下。reorder會(huì)首先將輸入的第一個(gè)參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為因子類(lèi)型，然后根據(jù)第二個(gè)參數(shù)對(duì)其進(jìn)行排序。

根據(jù)上表在theme中調(diào)整主題，這里去掉背景的網(wǎng)格。

ggplot(tophit, aes(x = avg, y = reorder(name, avg))) + geom_point(size = 3) + # 與默認(rèn)主題theme_gray相對(duì)，背景空白 theme_bw() + theme(panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank(), panel.grid.major.y = element_line(colour = 'lightblue', linetype = 'dashed'))

顛倒一下順序

ggplot(tophit, aes(x = avg, y = reorder(name, -avg))) + geom_point(size = 3) + # 與默認(rèn)主題theme_gray相對(duì)，背景空白 theme_bw() + theme(panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank(), panel.grid.major.y = element_line(colour = 'lightblue', linetype = 'dashed'))

也可以直接X(jué)軸Y軸對(duì)調(diào)，此時(shí)引入更多的美化操作，比如X軸的文本傾斜，以及更細(xì)致地調(diào)整點(diǎn)和線(xiàn)條。

ggplot(tophit, aes(x = reorder(name, avg), y = avg)) + geom_point(size = 4, fill = 'lightblue', color = 'lightblue') + # 與默認(rèn)主題theme_gray相對(duì)，背景空白 theme_bw() + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 60,hjust = 1),panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(),panel.grid.minor.y = element_blank(), panel.grid.major.x = element_line(colour = 'orange', linetype = 'dashed', size = 0.8)) + #設(shè)置線(xiàn)段到數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)出結(jié)束 geom_segment(aes(xend=name),yend=0,colour='lightblue', size = 1.5)

對(duì)樣本分組繪圖

根據(jù)lg和avg對(duì)name進(jìn)行排序，并將其轉(zhuǎn)換為因子水平的level

nameorder <- tophit$name[order(tophit$lg, tophit$avg)] tophit$name <- factor(tophit$name, levels = nameorder) ggplot(tophit, aes(x = avg, y =name)) + geom_segment(aes(yend=name, colour = lg),xend=0, size = 1.5) + # 按顏色分組 geom_point(size = 3, aes(colour = lg)) + scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1", limits = c("NL", "AL")) + # 與默認(rèn)主題theme_gray相對(duì)，背景空白 theme_bw() + theme(panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank(), panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(), # 將圖標(biāo)移到圖的里面去legend.position=c(1, 0.55), legend.justification =c(1, 0.5))

分面圖

ggplot(tophit, aes(x = avg, y =name)) + geom_segment(aes(yend=name),xend=0, size = 1.5, colour = 'grey50') + # 按顏色分組 geom_point(size = 3, aes(colour = lg)) + # 取消guide分組 scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1", limits = c("NL", "AL"), guide = FALSE) + # 與默認(rèn)主題theme_gray相對(duì)，背景空白 theme_bw() + theme(panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank(), panel.grid.major.y = element_blank())+# 分面圖facet_grid(lg~., scales = "free_y", space = "free_y")

總結(jié)

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