新入手了一臺小米迷你主機，CPU是英特爾的十二代i5 1240p，intel i5 1240p微架構屬于alder lake，有4個大核，8個小核，每個大核有兩個線程，因此，該CPU多線程能力為12核16線程。最近在研究性能剖析相關的知識，沒想到遇到了不少坑，記于此。

Perf on WSL（cycles:u not supported）

首先嘗試了在windows wsl中使用perf

$ sudo apt install linux-tools-generic

安裝的可執行程序位于/usr/lib/linux-tools/\<kernel version>/perf

$ perf stat ls Performance counter stats for 'ls':0.76 msec task-clock:u # 0.706 CPUs utilized0 context-switches:u # 0.000 /sec0 cpu-migrations:u # 0.000 /sec113 page-faults:u # 149.431 K/sec<not supported> cycles:u<not supported> instructions:u<not supported> branches:u<not supported> branch-misses:u0.001070439 seconds time elapsed0.001058000 seconds user0.000000000 seconds sys

查看pmu驅動，結果是這樣的

$ dmesg | grep PMU$ dmesg | grep PMU [ 0.094674] Performance Events: unsupported p6 CPU model 154 no PMU driver, software events only. $ lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian Address sizes: 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual CPU(s): 16 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-15 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 8 Socket(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 154 Model name: 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1240P Stepping: 3 CPU MHz: 2112.007 BogoMIPS: 4224.01 Virtualization: VT-x Hypervisor vendor: Microsoft Virtualization type: full L1d cache: 384 KiB L1i cache: 256 KiB L2 cache: 10 MiB L3 cache: 12 MiB Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected Vulnerability Mds: Not affected Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected Vulnerability Mmio stale data: Not affected Vulnerability Retbleed: Mitigation; Enhanced IBRS Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; Enhanced IBRS, IBPB conditional, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS SW sequence Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwbsha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves avx_vnni umip waitpkg gfni vaes vpclmulqdq rdpidmovdiri movdir64b fsrm serialize flush_l1d arch_capabilities

Flags中沒有看到arch_perfmon，也就是說Hardware Performance Monitor沒有使能

Perf On Hyper-V

再試一下通過Hyper-V行不行，我已經使能了Hyper-V，然后通過微軟這篇官方[1]文檔使能pmu

$ # Enable IPT Set-VMProcessor MyVMName -Perfmon @("ipt", "pmu")

再啟動Hyper-V虛擬機，直接報錯找不到系統監視器，啟動失敗

小米迷你主機安裝Ubuntu

一開始安裝的20.04，發現wifi驅動沒有適配，為了省事，直接安裝22.04。裝完之后，pmu能正常使用了。

Performance counter stats for 'ls':0.78 msec task-clock # 0.548 CPUs utilized 0 context-switches # 0.000 /sec 0 cpu-migrations # 0.000 /sec 91 page-faults # 116.387 K/sec 1,448,050 cpu_core/cycles/ # 1.852 G/sec <not counted> cpu_atom/cycles/ (0.00%)1,749,783 cpu_core/instructions/ # 2.238 G/sec <not counted> cpu_atom/instructions/ (0.00%)325,300 cpu_core/branches/ # 416.052 M/sec <not counted> cpu_atom/branches/ (0.00%)9,590 cpu_core/branch-misses/ # 12.265 M/sec <not counted> cpu_atom/branch-misses/ (0.00%)0.001426852 seconds time elapsed0.001447000 seconds user0.000000000 seconds sys

推薦一個燒錄鏡像工具，Rufus，功能簡單清晰

參考文獻

[1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/manage/performance-monitoring-hardware

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