使用bluealsa通過命令行指定某個藍牙音箱播放

安裝bluealsa有兩種方法，第一種是通過apt安裝，第二種是通過源碼安裝。

1. 通過apt安裝bluealsa

1.1 安裝并啟動bluealsa服務

sudo apt-get install bluealsa sudo service bluealsa start

1.2 將pi加入對應用戶組

sudo adduser pi bluetooth sudo adduser pi audio

1.3 修改/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service

sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service

將ExecStart=/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd修改為ExecStart=/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd --noplugin=sap --plugin=a2dp
文件最后添加(似乎不加也行)

[Install] WantedBy=bluetooth.target Alias=dbus-org.bluez.service

1.4 重啟服務

sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart bluetooth

1.5 連接藍牙音箱

sudo bluetoothctl

然后依次輸入power on 和 scan on:

[bluetooth]# power on Changing power on succeeded [bluetooth]# scan on Discovery started [CHG] Controller xx:xx:xx:xx:5F:11 Discovering: yes [NEW] Device XX:XX:XX:5A:19:8A xx-xx-xx-5A-19-8A [NEW] Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 xx-xx-xx-84-81-86 [NEW] Device XX:XX:XX:48:0D xx-xx-xx-8A-48-0D [NEW] Device XX:XX:XX:85:84:9E LYWSD03MMC [NEW] Device XX:XX:XX:DD:21:84 LYWSD03MMC [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C RSSI: -65 [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 RSSI: -45 [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 ManufacturerData Key: 0x004c [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 ManufacturerData Value:xx xx xx 59 75 0d de c3 15 f6 85 e9 c7 .....`Yu........ [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:DD:21:84 RSSI: -77 [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 RSSI: -54 [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:DD:21:84 RSSI: -87

輸入devices查看設備列表

[bluetooth]# devices Device XX:XX:XX:DD:21:84 LYWSD03MMC Device XX:XX:XX:85:84:9E LYWSD03MMC Device XX:XX:XX:8A:48:0D xx-xx-xx-8A-48-0D Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 xx-xx-xx-84-81-86 Device XX:XX:XX:5A:19:8A xx-xx-xx-5A-19-8A Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C 方糖(6C:7C)

我要連接我的天貓精靈方糖(列表中的方糖(6C:7C)，XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C是它的mac地址)。首次連接，需要pair并trust(trust之后下次會自動連接)，如果你的天貓精靈不在列表里，那就語音喚醒天貓精靈并說“打開藍牙”，然后重新scan on一次。

pair XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C trust XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C

首次pair可能需要手動輸入yes確認。

[bluetooth]# pair XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Attempting to pair with XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Connected: yes Request confirmation [agent] Confirm passkey 529316 (yes/no): yes [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Modalias: bluetooth:v000Fp1200d1436 [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 00001200-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C ServicesResolved: yes [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Paired: yes Pairing successful [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C ServicesResolved: no [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Connected: no[bluetooth]# trust XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Trusted: yes Changing XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C trust succeeded

我要連接我的天貓精靈方糖，使用connect命令即可：

connect XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C

連接成功后前面的提示符會從[bluetooth]變成設備名(本例為[方糖(6C:7C)])：

[bluetooth]# connect XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Attempting to connect to XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Connected: yes Connection successful [CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C ServicesResolved: yes [方糖(6C:7C)]#

1.6 播放wav音頻

連接成功以后exit退出，就可以使用aplay命令通過該設備播放音頻了:

aplay -D bluealsa:DEV=XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C,PROFILE=a2dp ./cat1.wav $ aplay -D bluealsa:DEV=XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C,PROFILE=a2dp ./cat1.wav D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:1309: Getting BlueALSA PCM: PLAYBACK XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C a2dp D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:1062: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Setting constraints Playing WAVE './cat1.wav' : Signed 16 bit Little Endian, Rate 16000 Hz, Mono D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:532: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing HW D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:567: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: FIFO buffer size: 1024 frames D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:576: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Selected HW buffer: 4 periods x 24000 bytes == 96000 bytes D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:639: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Prepared D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:356: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Starting D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:226: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Starting IO loop: 8 D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:607: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Changing SW avail min: 6000 -> 1 D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:607: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Changing SW avail min: 1 -> 6000 D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:231: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Pausing IO thread D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:392: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Stopping D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:161: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: IO thread cleanup D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:392: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Stopping D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:592: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Freeing HW D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:443: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Closing

但是通過-D bluealsa:DEV=10:9E:3A:30:CB:5C來每次指定設備，還要通過PROFILE=a2dp指定profile很麻煩，我們可以設置指定默認的播放設備和profile。編輯用戶配置文件~/.asoundrc即可。

nano ~/.asoundrc

內容改為:

pcm.!default {type plugslave.pcm {type bluealsadevice "XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C"profile "a2dp"} } pcm.fangtang {type plugslave.pcm {type bluealsadevice "XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C"profile "a2dp"} }

注：還有一個全局配置文件/etc/asound.conf

1.7 播放MP3格式音頻

aplay無法播放MP3格式的音頻，我們需要mplayer

sudo apt install mplayer mplayer cat.mp3 #或者使用alsa默認設備 mplayer -ao alsa cat.mp3 #或者指定設備 mplayer -ao alsa:device=fangtang cat.mp3

1.8 你可能需要的一些對debug有用的命令

1.8.1 bluealsa相關

bluealsa-aplay --list-pcms bluealsa-aplay --list-devices bluealsa-aplay -L

1.8.2 bluetoothctl相關

list： 列出所有接口。 使用 select XX:XX:XX... 選擇其他接口。
devices ：列出所有設備. 使用 scan on, scan off 查找新設備。
info XX:XX:XX... ： 顯示指定設備的信息。
remove XX:XX:XX... ：移除指定設備。當設備出現問題時，可以通過這種方式調試。
connect XX:XX:XX...: 連接指定設備。
disconnect XX:XX:XX...: 斷開指定設備。
pair XX:XX:XX...: 配對指定設備。
trust XX:XX:XX...: 信任指定設備。
power on: 打開bluetooth電源。
scan on: 開始掃描設備。
agent NoInputNoOutput : 使用這種模式作為藍牙sink可以無需介入直接連接。
default-agent : 將當前agent模式作為默認。
discoverable on ：將當前設備轉為可發現狀態。

這些命令可以在sudo bluetoothctl之后在[bluetooth]提示符內運行，或者直接在系統命令行運行bluetoothctl 命令，例如bluetoothctl info, bluetoothctl connect XX:XX:XX...。
例如：

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ bluetoothctl info Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C (public)Name: 方糖(6C:7C)Alias: 方糖(6C:7C)Class: 0x002c0414Icon: audio-cardPaired: yesTrusted: yesBlocked: noConnected: yesLegacyPairing: noUUID: Audio Sink (0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)UUID: A/V Remote Control Target (0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)UUID: A/V Remote Control (0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)UUID: PnP Information (00001200-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)UUID: Generic Access Profile (00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)UUID: Generic Attribute Profile (00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)Modalias: bluetooth:v000Fp1200d1436

1.8.3 其它

busctl tree org.bluez - 查看連接的設備

pi@raspberrypi:~/sound $ bluealsa-aplay --list-pcms bluealsa:SRV=org.bluealsa,DEV=XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C,PROFILE=a2dp方糖(6C:7C), trusted audio-card, playbackA2DP (SBC): S16_LE 2 channels 48000 Hz

查看相關日志：

dmesg | egrep -i 'blue|firm' tail -f /var/log/syslog journalctl -u bluetooth journalctl | grep blue

service bluetooth status 或者 sudo systemctl status bluetooth查看服務狀態

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ service bluetooth status ● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth serviceLoaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-06-15 09:48:02 CST; 5h 2min agoDocs: man:bluetoothd(8)Main PID: 386 (bluetoothd)Status: "Running"Tasks: 1 (limit: 725)CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service└─386 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd --noplugin=sap --plugin=a2dp6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Ignoring (cli) battery 6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Ignoring (cli) sixaxis 6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Bluetooth management interface 1.18 initialized 6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Failed to set privacy: Rejected (0x0b) 6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.2 path=/org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/AAC/source/1 6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.2 path=/org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/AAC/source/2 6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.2 path=/org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/1 6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.2 path=/org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/2 6月 15 11:16:10 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: /org/bluez/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/fd0: fd(17) ready 6月 15 12:41:37 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: /org/bluez/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/fd1: fd(17) ready

注：Failed to set privacy: Rejected (0x0b)不影響播放。

Couldn't get BlueALSA PCM: PCM not found錯誤

ALSA lib ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:1313:(_snd_pcm_bluealsa_open) Couldn't get BlueALSA PCM: PCM not found aplay: main:828: audio open error: 沒有那個設備

原因：通常是因為設備沒有連接。只要配對并連接上設備，就OK了。

========= 以下內容較為復雜，供參考 ===========

2. 通過源碼安裝bluealsa

2.1 下載bluealsa源碼

git clone https://github.com/Arkq/bluez-alsa.git

2.2 安裝必要依賴

sudo apt update sudo apt install git automake autoconf build-essential libtool pkg-config python-docutils sudo apt install bluez bluez-tools libasound2-dev libbluetooth-dev libdbus-1-dev libglib2.0-dev libsbc-dev

2.3 編譯安裝

cd bluez-alsa autoreconf --install --force mkdir build && cd build # 以下configure命令二選一 #../configure --enable-aac --enable-ofono --enable-debug ../configure CFLAGS="-g -O0" LDFLAGS="-g" --enable-debug make && sudo make install

如果configure里面使用了--enable-aac選項，那么需要先編譯安裝fdk-aac，否則會報錯:

cd ~ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/mstorsjo/fdk-aac cd fdk-aac \ && autoreconf -fiv \ && ./configure \ && make -j$(nproc) \ && sudo make install

2.4 運行Bluealsa

$ sudo bluealsa -i hci0 -p a2dp-source #如果編譯安裝正確，sudo bluealsa -S 之后會出現如下信息 bluealsa: D: ../../src/main.c:580: Starting main dispatching loop bluealsa: D: ../../src/main.c:112: Acquired D-Bus service name: org.bluealsa bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluealsa-dbus.c:426: Registering D-Bus manager: /org/bluealsa bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:679: Registering battery provider: /org/bluez/hci0/battery bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:699: BlueZ battery provider support not available bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:493: Creating media endpoint object: /org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/1 bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:402: Registering media endpoint: /org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/1 bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:493: Creating media endpoint object: /org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/2 bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:402: Registering media endpoint: /org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/2 bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:928: Creating hands-free profile object: /org/bluez/HSP/AudioGateway bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:852: Registering hands-free profile: /org/bluez/HSP/AudioGateway bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:928: Creating hands-free profile object: /org/bluez/HFP/AudioGateway bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:852: Registering hands-free profile: /org/bluez/HFP/AudioGateway

2.5 將pi加入對應用戶組

sudo adduser pi bluetooth sudo adduser pi audio

2.6 將bluealsa加入開機啟動

編輯開機啟動文件:

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

在exit行之前加入如下內容

# Start bluealsa as root <https://github.com/Arkq/bluez-alsa> export LIBASOUND_THREAD_SAFE=0 /usr/bin/bluealsa -i hci0 -p a2dp-source &

sudo reboot之后通過ps -ef | grep bluealsa命令確認它在運行。

參考資料：

alsa - How to stream sound to a bluetooth device from a raspberry pi zero - Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange

Using the BlueALSA ALSA pcm plugin · Arkq/bluez-alsa Wiki

Gitee 極速下載/Bluetooth Audio ALSA Backend

Arkq/bluez-alsa: Bluetooth Audio ALSA Backend

Help with “Couldn’t get BlueALSA PCM: PCM not found” error · Issue #394 · Arkq/bluez-alsa
6.sound - Sending audio to bluetooth speaker with bluealsa - Ask Ubuntu

pi 3 - Raspberry Pi 3, can’t connect to more than one bluetooth speaker via pulseaudio - Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange

alsa - How to stream sound to a bluetooth device from a raspberry pi zero - Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange

Couldn’t get BlueALSA PCM: PCM not found · Issue #553 · Arkq/bluez-alsa

alsa - I want to allow two instances of mPlayer to play music over a single bluetooth link to a speaker - Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange

[SOLVED] RPi4 Bluetooth woes - Raspberry Pi Forums

A script to play all audio formats. You only need the dll’s found at https://github.com/elibroftw/music-caster/tree/master/vlc

Bluetooth audio on a headless Raspberry Pi using BlueAlsa — introt docs

Raspberry Pi Bluetooth Speaker: Play Audio Wirelessly using Raspberry Pi（Pi作為Bluetooth Sink）

BlueALSA: Bluetooth-Audio using ALSA (not PulseAudio) - Off-topic - Armbian Community Forums

dotfiles/bluealsa_dev_select.sh at master · ohel/dotfiles

總結

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