英語學習——長難句01

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Introduction
作為未來的程序員，考研黨，學好英語是必須的。所以更新一下我的英語學習筆記。有需要的同學可以作為參考。這里我是聽的章晉林老師的課。
Body

長難句試煉筆記
第一課 introduction課程介紹及試講

前言
1、 詞匯
A、 完形填空
B、 閱讀中的詞匯題
C、 閱讀中的正確選項和原文的同義替換（題干和原文的定位替換）
2、 核心提煉能力
A、 長句核心
B、 段落核心

3、 閱讀長難句的難點：
例：
In the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American
Southwest（地點狀語）, living patterns changed（主謂結構） in the thirteenth century（時間狀語）,
with（伴隨狀語） large numbers of people moving into large communal
dwellings called pueblos（后置定語）, often constructed at the edges of
canyons, especially on the sides of cliffs.（非限制性定語）
解釋：居住方式發生了什么改變？
大量人，移動到大地方去住。
Q：It can be learned from the passage that______
A:People tended to live together in pueblos
B:Pueblos were mainly built on the brink(邊緣) of the cliffs
考研閱讀理解正確選項的特色：同義替換

A、 詞匯（單篇文章生詞率不超過3%，包括原文+題干+選項）
Communal 社區的；群體的（group；race）
On the cliff=at stake
Dwell 徘徊 dwelling 定居；居所
Develop 發展 developing 欠發達的 developed 發達的
Canyons 峽谷
例：
?個外表英俊瀟灑風流倜儻內?極度猥瑣極度邪惡的男?在?個夜?風?伸?不見五指的夜晚深深地令?發指地?法挽回地愛上了?個外表冰清?潔?鳥依?內?極其惡毒極其淫蕩的??，但是這個恐怖的???情地拒絕了這個腦殘的男?。
中文中也會有復雜的修飾來干擾對主干的理解；
主干：一個男人愛上了一個女人但是這個女人拒絕了這個男人
B、 語法結構

C、 核心提煉
考點：清晰表達的觀點+明確的情感色彩
4、 快速提煉長句核?，對于句間邏輯的梳理?關重要
Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. Up until his time, the task of producing a dictionary on such a large scale had seemed impossible without the establishment of an academy to make decisions about right and wrong usage. Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself.
本段的核?是什么？

第一句：
Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius.

Critic 評論家
Critical 至關重要的，批評的（常在態度題選項中出現）
Criticism 批判主義
Common sense 常識
J是個詩?，是個評論家
小并列的處理（poet/critic）
J可以把常識提升到天才的?度
定語從句：
1、 定從中是否存在特殊關系
2、 定從是否對其限定抽象名詞做解釋

His approach to the problems(后置定語) that had worried writers(定從) throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries(時間狀語) was intensely狀語practical.

語法主干：Approach was practical方法是有效的

只有否定類副詞作狀語是重要內容，其余一律視為very加深程度

在學會畫成份的基礎上，提煉主要內容，考點

Up until his time(時間狀語), the task of producing a dictionary on such a large scale(后置定語) had seemed impossible without the establishment of an academy(條件狀語) to make decisions about right and wrong usage(后置定語).
語法主?：The task had seemed impossible
J用他的方法完成了
Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself.
閱讀中的經典結構：否定+解釋 印證了預判

本段的核?是什么？
?逼的J?他?逼的?法把?個不可能完成的任務獨?完成了

Indeed, stability of the biological clock’s period is one of its major features, even when the organism’s environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly. 以下哪個選項完美符合原句內容？
A. Stability, a feature of the biological clock’s period, depends on changeable factors such as temperature. 后半句錯誤
B. A major feature of the biological clock is that its period does not change despite significant changes in the environment.

C. A factor such as temperature is an important feature in the establishment of the biological clock’s period. 長句的語法組干才是重要內容stability不見了
D. Biological activity is not strongly affected by changes in temperature.
stability不見了
分析：

Indeed, stability of the biological clock‘s period is one of its major features, even when(讓步狀語從句) the organism’s environment is subjected to=suffer from(遭受到) considerable=substantial changes in factors, such as temperature(舉例), that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly(定從).

Features特色
Stability is feature ，organism’s environment is subjected to 盡管當有機環境遭受變化，例如

考研真題
Super-high scores like Vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Q. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because____
[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

A rather than B，是A?不是B ?概率考點在A?不是B

老師的總結：
Lesson1 總結：

語法的學習，在長難句中，是幫助我們做sentence simplification

長難句的核?有?：語法主?+重要邏輯

命題的重點?般在長難句的核?上，長難句的次要信息，?于 設置錯誤選項

我對本課總結：本節課是長難句的第一節課，老師介紹了本課程的學習方法，及公眾號每日一句的使用方法。
知識部分：攻克長難句的方法：
1、 首先是詞匯量，生詞量要不超過3%才能達到高分的可能；
2、 長句子抓主干，重點就在主干。
3、 答案中的內容有很多是原文的同義替換，所以詞匯量以及熟詞僻義的掌握也很重要。
最后，本節課只是帶大家試探性的來解決一些長難句，可能過程中會有困難，但是只是開始，后面還有十節課來解釋長難句到底要怎么來攻克。

2020年5月17日記

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