usb驱动文件_我的USB驱动器应使用什么文件系统？
usb驅動文件
It can be tough transporting your videos and music to every device you use. How do you know your Mac, Xbox, and Windows PC can read your files? Read on to find your perfect USB drive solution.
將視頻和音樂傳輸到您使用的每臺設備都可能很困難。 您如何知道Mac，Xbox和Windows PC可以讀取文件？ 繼續閱讀以找到理想的USB驅動器解決方案。
File systems?are the sort of thing that many computer users take for granted. The most common file systems are?FAT32, exFAT, and NTFS?on Windows, APFS and HFS+ on macOS, and EXT on Linux—though you may run into others on occasion. But it can be confusing understanding what devices and operating systems supports which file systems—especially when all you want to do is transfer some files or keep your collection readable by all the devices you use. So, let’s take a look at the major file systems and hopefully, you can figure out the best solution for formatting your USB drive.
文件系統是許多計算機用戶理所當然的事情。 最常見的文件系統是Windows上的FAT32，exFAT和NTFS ，macOS上的APFS和HFS +，以及Linux上的EXT-盡管有時可能會遇到其他文件系統。 但是，了解哪些設備和操作系統支持哪些文件系統可能會造成混亂，尤其是當您要做的只是傳輸某些文件或使您使用的所有設備可讀性好時，尤其如此。 因此，讓我們看一下主要的文件系統，希望您能找到格式化USB驅動器的最佳解決方案。
了解文件系統問題 (Understanding File System Problems)
Different file systems offer different ways of organizing data on a disk. Since only binary data is actually?written to disks, the file systems provide a way to translate the physical recordings on a disk to the format read by an OS. Since these file systems are key to the operating system making sense of the data, an OS cannot read data off of a disk?without support for the file system with which the disk is formatted. When you format a disk, the file system you choose essentially governs which devices can read or write to the disk.
不同的文件系統提供了不同的方式來組織磁盤上的數據。 由于實際上僅將二進制數據寫入磁盤，因此文件系統提供了一種將磁盤上的物理記錄轉換為OS讀取的格式的方法。 由于這些文件系統是使操作系統理解數據的關鍵，因此，如果不支持格式化磁盤的文件系統，則OS無法從磁盤讀取數據。 格式化磁盤時，您選擇的文件系統實質上決定了哪些設備可以讀取或寫入磁盤。
Many businesses and households have multiple PCs of different types in their home—Windows, macOS, and Linux being the most common. And if you carry files to friends houses or when you travel, you never know what type of system you may want those files on. Because of this variety, you need to format portable disks so?that they can move easily between the different operating systems you expect to use.
許多企業和家庭在家里都有多臺不同類型的PC，其中Windows，macOS和Linux是最常見的。 而且，如果您將文件攜帶到朋友家或旅行時，您將永遠不知道您可能希望使用哪種類型的文件。 由于種類繁多，您需要格式化便攜式磁盤，以便它們可以在希望使用的不同操作系統之間輕松移動。
But to make that decision, you need to understand the two major factors that can affect your file system choice:?portability?and?file size limits. We’re going to take a look at these two factors as they relate to the most common file systems:
但是要做出此決定，您需要了解可能影響文件系統選擇的兩個主要因素：可移植性和文件大小限制。 我們將研究與最常見的文件系統相關的這兩個因素：
NTFS:?The NT File System (NTFS) is the file system that modern Windows versions use by default.
NTFS： NT文件系統(NTFS)是現代Windows版本默認使用的文件系統。
HFS+:?The Hierarchical File System (HFS+) is the file system modern macOS versions use by default.
HFS +：分層文件系統(HFS +)是現代macOS版本默認使用的文件系統。
APFS: The proprietary Apple file system developed as a replacement for HFS+, with a focus on flash drives, SSDs, and encryption. APFS was released with iOS 10.3 and macOS 10.13, and will become the mandatory file system for those operating systems.
APFS：專有的Apple文件系統，是HFS +的替代產品，主要用于閃存驅動器，SSD和加密。 APFS隨iOS 10.3和macOS 10.13一起發布，并將成為這些操作系統的必需文件系統。
FAT32:?The File Allocation Table 32 (FAT32) was the standard Windows file system before NTFS.
FAT32：文件分配表32(FAT32)是NTFS之前的標準Windows文件系統。
exFAT:?The extended File Allocation Table (exFAT) builds on FAT32 and offers a lightweight system without all the overhead of NTFS.
exFAT：擴展文件分配表(exFAT)建立在FAT32上，并提供了輕量級的系統，而沒有NTFS的所有開銷。
EXT 2, 3, & 4:?The extended file system (EXT) was the first file system created specifically for the Linux kernel.
EXT 2、3和4：擴展文件系統(EXT)是第一個專門為Linux內核創建的文件系統。
可移植性 (Portability)
You might think that modern operating systems would natively support each other’s file system, but they largely do not. For example, macOS can read—but not write to—disks formatted with NTFS. For the most part, Windows will not even recognize disks formatted with APFS or HFS+.
您可能會認為，現代操作系統本來會支持彼此的文件系統，但實際上卻不支持。 例如，macOS可以讀取但不能寫入使用NTFS格式化的磁盤。 在大多數情況下，Windows甚至無法識別使用APFS或HFS +格式化的磁盤。
Many distros of Linux (like Ubuntu) are prepared to deal with this file system problem. Moving files from one file system to another is a routine process for Linux—many modern distros natively support NFTS and HFS+ or can get support with a quick download of free software packages.
許多Linux發行版(如Ubuntu)已準備好解決此文件系統問題。 將文件從一個文件系統移動到另一個文件系統是Linux的常規過程-許多現代發行版本身都支持NFTS和HFS +，或者可以通過免費下載免費軟件包來獲得支持。
In addition to this, your home consoles (Xbox 360, Playstation 4) only provide limited support for certain filesystems, and only provide read access to the USB drives. In order to better understand the best filesystem for your needs, take a look at this helpful chart.
除此之外，您的家庭控制臺(Xbox 360，Playstation 4)僅對某些文件系統提供有限的支持，并且僅提供對USB驅動器的讀取訪問權限。 為了更好地了解您所需的最佳文件系統，請查看此有用的圖表。
| File System | Windows XP | Windows 7/8/10 | macOS (10.6.4 and earlier) | macOS (10.6.5 and later) | Ubuntu Linux | Playstation 4 | Xbox 360/One |
| NTFS? | Yes | Yes | Read Only | Read Only | Yes | No | No/Yes |
| FAT32 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes/Yes |
| exFAT | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes (with ExFAT packages) | Yes (with MBR, not GUID) | No/Yes |
| HFS+ | No | (read-only with Boot Camp) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| APFS | No | No | No | Yes (macOS 10.13 or greater) | No | No | No |
| EXT 2, 3, 4 | No | Yes (with third-party software) | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| 文件系統 | Windows XP | Windows 7/8/10 | macOS(10.6.4和更早版本) | macOS(10.6.5及更高版本) | Ubuntu Linux | Playstation 4 | Xbox 360 /一個 |
| NTFS | 是 | 是 | 只讀 | 只讀 | 是 | 沒有 | 否/是 |
| FAT32 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是的是的 |
| FAT文件 | 是 | 是 | 沒有 | 是 | 是(使用ExFAT軟件包) | 是(使用MBR，不使用GUID) | 否/是 |
| HFS + | 沒有 | (對于Boot Camp只讀) | 是 | 是 | 是 | 沒有 | 是 |
| 亞太地區食品安全局 | 沒有 | 沒有 | 沒有 | 是(macOS 10.13或更高版本) | 沒有 | 沒有 | 沒有 |
| EXT 2、3、4 | 沒有 | 是(使用第三方軟件) | 沒有 | 沒有 | 是 | 沒有 | 是 |
Keep in mind that this chart chose the native abilities of each OS to use these file systems. Windows and macOS?both have downloads that can help them read unsupported formats, but we’re really focusing on native ability here.
請記住，此圖表選擇了每個操作系統使用這些文件系統的本機功能。 Windows和macOS都有下載內容，可以幫助他們讀取不受支持的格式，但是我們在此實際上專注于本機功能。
The takeaway from this chart on portability is that FAT32 (having been around for so long) is supported on almost all devices. This makes it strong candidate for being the file system of choice for most USB drives, so long as you can live with FAT32’s file size limits—which we’ll go over next.
從該圖表的可移植性中得出的結論是，幾乎所有設備都支持FAT32(已經存在了很長時間)。 只要您能夠遵守FAT32的文件大小限制，我們將成為大多數USB驅動器選擇文件系統的有力候選者，我們將在后面進行介紹。
文件和卷大小限制 (File and Volume Size Limits)
FAT32 was developed many years ago, and was based on older FAT filesystems meant for DOS computers. The large disk sizes of today were only theoretical in those days, so it probably seemed ridiculous to the engineers that anyone would ever need a file larger than 4 GB. However, with today’s large file sizes of uncompressed and high-def video, many users are faced with that very challenge.
FAT32是在多年前開發的，它基于用于DOS計算機的較舊FAT文件系統。 當今的大磁盤容量在當時只是理論上的事，因此對于工程師來說，任何人都需要大于4 GB的文件似乎很荒謬。 但是，隨著當今未壓縮和高清視頻的大文件大小，許多用戶面臨著非常大的挑戰。
Today’s more modern file systems have upward limits that seem ridiculous by our modern standards, but one day may seem humdrum and ordinary. When stacked up against the competition, we see very quickly that FAT32 is showing its age in terms of file size limits.
當今更現代的文件系統具有向上的限制，按照我們的現代標準看似荒謬，但有一天可能看起來很平淡和普通。 當與競爭對手一較高下時，我們很快就會發現FAT32在文件大小限制方面正在顯示其年齡。
| File System | Individual File Size Limit | Single Volume Size Limit |
| NTFS? | Greater than commercially available drives | 16 EB |
| FAT32 | Less than 4 GB | Less than 8 TB |
| exFAT | Greater than commercially available drives | 64 ZB |
| HFS+ | Greater than commercially available drives | 8 EB |
| APFS | Greater than commercially available drives | 16 EB |
| EXT 2, 3 | 16 GB (up to 2 TB on some systems) | 32 TB |
| EXT 4 | 16 TiB | 1 EiB |
| 文件系統 | 單個文件大小限制 | 單卷大小限制 |
| NTFS | 大于市售驅動器 | 16 EB |
| FAT32 | 小于4 GB | 少于8 TB |
| FAT文件 | 大于市售驅動器 | 64 ZB |
| HFS + | 大于商業 可用驅動器 | 8 EB |
| 亞太地區食品安全局 | 大于商業 可用驅動器 | 16 EB |
| EXT 2、3 | 16 GB(在某些系統上最高為2 TB) | 32 TB |
| EXT 4 | 16 TiB | 1個EiB |
Every newer file system handily whips FAT32 in the file size department, allowing for sometimes ridiculously large files.?And when you look at volume size limits, FAT32 still lets you format volumes up to 8 TB, which is more than enough for a USB drive. Other files systems allow volume sizes all the way up into the exobyte and zetabyte range.
每個較新的文件系統都會在文件大小部門中方便地鞭打FAT32，從而有時會產生可笑的大文件。 而且，當您查看卷大小限制時，FAT32仍可讓您格式化高達8 TB的卷，這對于USB驅動器來說已經足夠了。 其他文件系統允許卷大小一直擴展到exobyte和zetabyte范圍。
格式化驅動器 (Formatting a Drive)
The process for formatting a drive is different depending on what system you’re using. Rather than detailing them all here, we’ll instead point you at a few handy guides on the subject:
根據使用的系統，格式化驅動器的過程有所不同。 除了在這里沒有詳細說明之外，我們將為您提供有關該主題的一些便捷指南：
How to Erase and Format a Drive on Your Mac
如何在Mac上擦除和格式化驅動器
How to Convert a Hard Drive or Flash Drive from FAT32 to NTFS Format
如何將硬盤驅動器或閃存驅動器從FAT32轉換為NTFS格式
How to Manage Partitions on Windows Without Downloading Any Other Software
如何在Windows上管理分區而不下載任何其他軟件
How to Use Fdisk to Manage Partitions on Linux
如何在Linux上使用Fdisk管理分區
How to Format a USB Drive in Ubuntu Using GParted
如何使用GParted在Ubuntu中格式化USB驅動器
The conclusion to draw from all this is that while FAT32 has its issues, it’s the best file system to use for most portable drives. FAT32 finds support on the most devices, allows volumes up to 8 TB, and file sizes up to 4 GB.
從所有這些得出的結論是，盡管FAT32存在問題，但是它是用于大多數便攜式驅動器的最佳文件系統。 FAT32可在大多數設備上找到支持，最多可支持8 TB的卷，最大可支持4 GB的文件。
If you need to transport files greater than 4 GB, you’ll need to take a closer look at your needs. If you only use Windows devices, NTFS is a good choice. If you only use macOS devices, HFS+ will work for you. And if you only use Linux devices, EXT is fine. And if you need support for more devices and bigger files, exFAT may fit the bill. exFAT is not supported on quite as many different devices as FAT32 is, but it comes close.
如果您需要傳輸大于4 GB的文件，則需要仔細查看您的需求。 如果僅使用Windows設備，則NTFS是一個不錯的選擇。 如果僅使用macOS設備，則HFS +將為您工作。 如果僅使用Linux設備，則EXT很好。 而且，如果您需要更多設備和更大文件的支持，exFAT可能適合您。 與FAT32一樣，exFAT在許多不同的設備上均不受支持，但是它接近。
翻譯自: https://www.howtogeek.com/73178/what-file-system-should-i-use-for-my-usb-drive/
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