前言

Python有時(shí)候太慢，如果手動編譯C或者是C++來寫#include<Python.h>的文件也比較麻煩。
CPython無疑是一個(gè)比較好的選擇。

簡介

CPython是特指C語言實(shí)現(xiàn)的Python，就是原汁原味的Python。

之所以使用CPython這個(gè)詞，是因?yàn)镻ython還有一些其它的實(shí)現(xiàn)，比如Jython，就是Java版的Python，還有燒腦的PyPy，使用Python再把Python實(shí)現(xiàn)了一遍。

如下是官方對CPython的說明：

CPython is Guido van Rossum’s reference version of the Python computing language. It’s most often called simply “Python”; speakers say “CPython” generally to distinguish it explicitly from other implementations.

案例

先從一個(gè)Hello Word開始

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件helloworld.pyx，內(nèi)容如下：

print("Hello world!") #pyx文件是python的c擴(kuò)展文件，代碼要符合cython的規(guī)范，用什么編輯器寫都行。

保存后，創(chuàng)建setup.py文件，內(nèi)容如下：

from distutils.core import setupfrom Cython.Build import cythonizesetup(ext_modules = cythonize("helloworld.pyx"))

保存后，進(jìn)入setup.py所在目錄，并執(zhí)行編譯命令：

python setup.py build_ext --inplace

會輸出如下結(jié)果：

$python setup.py build_ext --inplace
Compiling helloworld.pyx because it changed.
[1/1] Cythonizing helloworld.pyx
/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive ‘language_level’ not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /Users/user/pytorch/NLP學(xué)習(xí)/learning_2.0/helloworld.pyx
tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)
running build_ext
building ‘helloworld’ extension
creating build
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/include/python3.7m -c helloworld.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/helloworld.o
gcc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/lib -arch x86_64 -L/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/lib -arch x86_64 -arch x86_64 build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/helloworld.o -o /Users/user/pytorch/NLP學(xué)習(xí)/learning_2.0/helloworld.cpython-37m-darwin.so

運(yùn)行完這個(gè)命令后，該目錄下就會生成三個(gè)文件：

build helloworld.pyxhelloworld.c setup.pyhelloworld.cpython-37m-darwin.so

然后創(chuàng)建一個(gè)調(diào)用文件test.py,內(nèi)容為：

import helloworld

運(yùn)行返回：

i$ python test.py Hello world!

Fibonacci Function項(xiàng)目

斐波那契數(shù)列：1, 1, 2, 3, 5,… 前兩位為1，之后每個(gè)數(shù)等于前面兩個(gè)數(shù)之和。

創(chuàng)建fib.pyx，內(nèi)容如下：

from __future__ import print_functiondef fib(n):a, b = 0, 1while b < n:print(b, end=' ')a, b = b, a+bprint()

創(chuàng)建setup.py文件，內(nèi)容如下：

from distutils.core import setup from Cython.Build import cythonizesetup(ext_modules = cythonize("fib.pyx") )

通過命令python setup.py build_ext --inplace，生成出來的文件：

python setup.py build_ext --inplace Compiling fib.pyx because it changed. [1/1] Cythonizing fib.pyx /anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /Users/user/pytorch/NLP學(xué)習(xí)/learning_2.0/fib.pyxtree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name) running build_ext building 'fib' extension gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/include/python3.7m -c fib.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/fib.o gcc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/lib -arch x86_64 -L/anaconda3/envs/deeplearning/lib -arch x86_64 -arch x86_64 build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/fib.o -o /Users/user/pytorch/NLP學(xué)習(xí)/learning_2.0/fib.cpython-37m-darwin.so

測試test.py:

import fib fib.fib(100)

返回：

$ python test.py 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

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