成為黑客

By Patrick Howell O’Neill

帕特里克·豪威爾·奧尼爾

When Russia was recently banned from the Olympics for another four years in a unanimous decision from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the instant reaction from Moscow was anger and dismissal. Now the rest of the world is waiting to see how Russia will retaliate this time.

w ^母雞俄羅斯最近從奧運會禁止再過四年從世界反興奮劑機構(WADA)一致決定，從莫斯科的即時React是憤怒和解雇。 現(xiàn)在，世界其他地區(qū)正在等待觀察俄羅斯這次將如何進行報復。

In the history books, 2016 will forever be known for unprecedented Russian interference into an American presidential election, but until that transpired, one of the most aggressive cyber campaigns that year centered on the Olympics. In the run-up to the summer games in Brazil, WADA had uncovered a national Russian doping conspiracy and recommended a ban. In response, Moscow’s most notorious hackers targeted an array of international officials and then leaked both real and doctored documents in a propaganda push meant to undermine the recommendation. The International Olympic Committee rejected a blanket ban and allowed each sport to rule individually.

在歷史書籍中，2016年將永遠以俄羅斯對美國總統(tǒng)大選的空前干預而聞名，但在此之前，這是該年度最富侵略性的網(wǎng)絡運動之一，集中在奧運會上。 在巴西夏季奧運會的前期準備中，世界反興奮劑機構(WADA)發(fā)現(xiàn)了俄羅斯全國性的興奮劑陰謀，并建議予以禁止。 作為回應，莫斯科最臭名昭著的黑客將目標對準了一系列國際官員，然后在真實的宣傳材料和篡改的文件中泄露了宣傳內容，以破壞這項建議。 國際奧委會拒絕一攬子禁令，并允許每種運動單獨統(tǒng)治。

Next, the opening ceremony of the 2018 winter games in South Korea kicked off with all the traditional optimism, bright lights, and pageantry — plus a targeted cyberattack known as Olympic Destroyer that was designed to sabotage the networks and devices at the event. The attack’s origins were obfuscated, with breadcrumbs in the malware pointing to North Korea and China — but after investigators untangled the attempts to mislead them, it became apparent that some of the Russian government’s most experienced hackers were behind it. In a series of angry blog posts, the hackers charged that “on the pretext of defending clean sport,” what they described as “the Anglo-Saxon Illuminati” were fighting for “power and cash in the sports world.” It was clear that the Russians viewed the Olympics as one part of a larger world power competition, and looked to hacking as a weapon of choice. Almost nothing has been done to hold anyone responsible.

接下來，在韓國舉行的2018年冬季運動會開幕式上，所有的傳統(tǒng)樂觀情緒，明亮的燈光和壯麗的氣氛—以及旨在破壞活動中的網(wǎng)絡和設備的針對性網(wǎng)絡攻擊，稱為奧林匹克毀滅者 ( Olympic Destroyer) 。 攻擊的起源被混淆，惡意軟件中的痕跡指向朝鮮和中國-但是在調查人員解開了誤導他們的企圖之后，很明顯，一些俄羅斯政府最有經(jīng)驗的黑客在背后支持。 在一系列憤怒的博客文章中，黑客指控“以捍衛(wèi)清潔運動為借口”，他們形容為“盎格魯撒克遜光明會”，他們?yōu)椤绑w育界的力量和金錢”而戰(zhàn)。 顯然，俄羅斯人將奧運會視為大型世界強國競爭的一部分，并把黑客作為一種選擇的武器。 幾乎沒有任何事情要追究任何人的責任。

Indeed, as a new crop of books expertly explain, cyber capabilities are expanding and transforming the old game of statecraft. The Russians are playing right alongside the Americans, Chinese, Iranians, North Koreans, and others in using hackers to shape history and try to bend geopolitics to their will.

確實，正如一堆新書專家解釋的那樣，網(wǎng)絡功能正在擴展和改變舊的治國方略。 俄國人正與美國人，中國人，伊朗人，朝鮮人以及其他國家一起并肩作戰(zhàn)，利用黑客來塑造歷史并試圖使地緣政治屈從于他們的意愿。

“Over two decades, the international arena of digital competition has become ever more aggressive,” writes Ben Buchanan, a professor at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service, in his upcoming The Hacker and the State. “The United States and its allies can no longer dominate the field the way they once did. Devastating cyber attacks and data breaches animate the fierce struggle among states.”

喬治敦大學外交學院教授本·布坎南(Ben Buchanan)在即將出版的《黑客與國家》(The Hacker and the State)中寫道：“在過去的20年中，數(shù)字競爭的國際舞臺變得更加激進。” “美國及其盟國再也不能像以前那樣統(tǒng)治這一領域。 毀滅性的網(wǎng)絡攻擊和數(shù)據(jù)泄露使國家之間的激烈斗爭更加活躍。”

With an academic’s eye, Buchanan compares and contrasts the emerging tactics with the traditional ways of military conflict, nuclear competition, and espionage to make some sense of the new age. The book dissects how governments use cyberattacks to fundamentally “change the state of play” by “stacking the deck or stealing an opponent’s card for one’s own use.” The Americans have a long history of exploiting their “home field advantage” to this effect, using the country’s giant tech and telecom companies as well as its central position in the internet’s infrastructure to enable cyber operations that have helped fight its wars and win rounds of negotiations at the United Nations.

用學者的眼光，布坎南將新興的戰(zhàn)術與傳統(tǒng)的軍事沖突，核競爭和間諜活動方式進行了比較和對比，以使人們對新時代有所了解。 該書剖析了政府如何利用網(wǎng)絡攻擊從根本上“改變游戲狀態(tài)”，方法是“堆放甲板或偷取對手的卡以供自己使用。” 美國人在利用其“本國優(yōu)勢”達到這一效果方面已有很長的歷史，它利用該國的大型科技和電信公司及其在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基礎設施中的核心地位，使有助于打擊戰(zhàn)爭和贏得戰(zhàn)爭的網(wǎng)絡運營成為可能。聯(lián)合國談判。

Meanwhile, Sandworm, a new book by journalist Andy Greenberg, zeroes in on multiple interrelated Russian hacking groups responsible not only for the sprawling campaign against the Olympics but for an impossibly long list of headline-making hacks. They turned the lights out in Ukraine by breaking into utilities, broke into the Democratic National Committee in America, and brought hospitals, ports, giant corporations, and government agencies to their knees with a piece of malware called NotPetya. This debacle illustrates the big and unanswered questions defining the new era: What are the rules? What are the consequences?

同時，記者安迪·格林伯格(Andy Greenberg)出版的新書《 Sandworm 》將多個相互聯(lián)系的俄羅斯黑客組織歸為零，不僅負責反對奧林匹克運動的泛濫運動，而且負責頭條新聞的黑客也可能不多。 他們闖入了烏克蘭，成為公用事業(yè)公司，熄滅了燈火，闖入了美國民主黨全國委員會，并用一種??名為NotPetya的惡意軟件將醫(yī)院，港口，巨型公司和政府機構擺在了膝上。 這場災難說明了定義新時代的未解決的重大問題：規(guī)則是什么？ 有什么后果？

Although it may seem as if cyberattacks target mainly networks and computers, conflict on the internet can affect every human being both directly — when, for example, medical equipment is compromised — and indirectly, by forcefully reshaping the geopolitical reality we’re all living in.

盡管看似網(wǎng)絡攻擊主要針對網(wǎng)絡和計算機，但互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的沖突會直接影響每個人(例如，醫(yī)療設備受損時)，并通過強制重塑我們都生活的地緣政治現(xiàn)實而間接影響每個人。

“Today, the full scale of the threat Sandworm and its ilk present loom over the future,” Greenberg writes. “If cyberwar escalation continues unchecked, the victims of state-sponsored hacking could be on a trajectory for even more virulent and destructive works. The digital attacks first demonstrated in Ukraine hint at a dystopia on the horizon, one where hackers induce blackouts that last days, weeks, or even longer — intentionally inflicted deprivations of electricity that could mirror the American tragedy of Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria, causing vast economic harm or even loss of life.”

格林伯格寫道：“今天，威脅沙蠶及其類似物的全部規(guī)模將在未來出現(xiàn)。” “如果網(wǎng)絡戰(zhàn)爭的升級繼續(xù)受到制止，國家資助的黑客攻擊的受害者可能會走上更致命和更具破壞性的工作的軌道。 最初在烏克蘭展示的數(shù)字攻擊暗示了一種反烏托邦，在這種情況下，黑客會持續(xù)數(shù)天，數(shù)周甚至更長的時間造成停電，故意造成電力匱乏，這可能反映了颶風瑪麗亞之后美國波多黎各的悲劇，造成了巨大的災難。經(jīng)濟上的傷害甚至死亡。”

As we start a new decade, the most immediate threat in the minds of many Americans is — once again — election interference. The 2020 election threatens to move forward the pattern of escalation that began when Barack Obama’s campaign was hacked in 2008, and spiked when Donald Trump became the first to directly benefit from hacking by a foreign power. Hacker States, an upcoming book by the British academics Luca Follis and Adam Fish, distinguishes between the different dimensions of destruction. Whether or not a hack achieves a specific technical goal — malware installed, account taken over, data breached — it can undermine public confidence and democracy.

在新的十年開始之際，許多美國人心目中最緊迫的威脅再次是選舉干擾。 2020年大選有可能推動升級模式的升級，這種升級模式始于2008年巴拉克·奧巴馬(Barack Obama)的競選活動被黑客入侵，而唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)成為第一個直接從外國大國的黑客攻擊中直接受益的人，則激增。 英國學者盧卡·佛利斯(Luca Follis)和亞當·菲什(Adam Fish)即將出版的一本書《 黑客國家》 ( Hacker States)區(qū)分了破壞的不同方面。 黑客能否達到特定的技術目標(安裝惡意軟件，接管帳戶，破壞數(shù)據(jù))，都會破壞公眾的信心和民主。

“It is not just about tampering, information warfare, or influence campaigns, but it is also about the very physical infrastructures and complex systems responsible for everything from healthcare to tallying votes,” Follis and Fish write.

Follis和Fish寫道：“這不僅涉及篡改，信息戰(zhàn)或影響力運動，還涉及負責從醫(yī)療保健到票數(shù)統(tǒng)計的一切的物理基礎設施和復雜系統(tǒng)。”

“In the 2016 US presidential elections, Russian hackers targeted the electronic voting systems of more than one hundred local elections. Even when the tampering is not successful or when damning information is not exfiltrated, the suspicion generated by the discovery of malicious code (or reports of systems penetration) speaks to a new conspiratorial and anxious politics, in which the question of democratic legitimacy is left open and unanswered.”

“在2016年美國總統(tǒng)選舉中，俄羅斯黑客將100多個地方選舉的電子投票系統(tǒng)作為目標。 即使篡改沒有成功或沒有泄露令人討厭的信息，但由于發(fā)現(xiàn)惡意代碼(或系統(tǒng)滲透的報告)而產(chǎn)生的懷疑，也使新的陰謀和焦慮政治陷入了僵局，其中民主合法性問題懸而未決。而且沒有答案。”

Perhaps the most useful preview of the 2020 election will be, once again, the Olympics. The 2020 summer games will be held in Tokyo, and the Russians have already put a bull’s-eye on the event with several successful hacks on relevant organizations. Despite a spotlight on their activities, there have been virtually no consequences for what the Russians did to the Olympics in the past four years, so a repeat performance is a distinct possibility.

也許2020年大選最有用的預告片將是奧運會。 2020年夏季奧運會將在東京舉行，而俄羅斯已經(jīng)把靶心上的事件與相關組織幾次成功的黑客。 盡管他們的活動受到關注，但過去四年俄羅斯人對奧運會所做的工作幾乎沒有任何后果，因此重復表演是一種明顯的可能性。

The last decade was marked by nations harnessing the power of hacking to win wars, elections, and any other fight they chose. World powers will continue using this distinctly 21st-century weapon to shape politics to their advantage. In both the Olympic Games and elections, even the smallest advantage makes a world of difference.

在過去十年中，各國利用黑客的力量贏得了戰(zhàn)爭，選舉和他們選擇的任何其他戰(zhàn)斗的標志。 世界大國將繼續(xù)使用這種獨特的21世紀武器來利用其優(yōu)勢塑造政治。 在奧運會和選舉中，即使是最小的優(yōu)勢也能帶來與眾不同的世界。

It’s clear that fights on both of those fronts are already well under way.

顯然， 這兩個方面的斗爭已經(jīng)在進行中 。

I’m a cybersecurity journalist focused on topics ranging from national security to personal privacy. @HowellONeill

我是一名網(wǎng)絡安全記者，重點關注從國家安全到個人隱私的話題。 Ho

翻譯自: https://medium.com/mit-technology-review/hackers-will-be-the-weapon-of-choice-for-governments-in-2020-34bb2a49259e

成為黑客

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的成为黑客_黑客将成为2020年政府的首选武器的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網(wǎng)站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。