STK中的传感器、雷达、发射机、接收机、天线
1. 來自STK官網(wǎng)的解釋
主要信息來源：https://help.agi.com/stk/
STK在線幫助版本：12.0
Google在線翻譯，有補(bǔ)充。
1.1?Sensor（傳感器）
Sensor performance is a major concern for satellite system engineers and integrators. Sensors can be used to represent such equipment as optical or radar sensors, receiving or transmitting antennas, and lasers. The sensor object can also be useful for defining another object's field of view. Sensors are children of vehicles, facilities and targets. The sensor object can also have children of its own.
傳感器性能是衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)工程師和集成商關(guān)注的主要問題。傳感器可用于表示光學(xué)或雷達(dá)傳感器、接收或發(fā)射天線和激光器等設(shè)備。傳感器對象也可用于定義針對另一個對象的視野。傳感器是車輛、設(shè)施和目標(biāo)對象的子節(jié)點(diǎn)（傳感器本身不能作為場景的子節(jié)點(diǎn)）。傳感器對象也可以有自己的子節(jié)點(diǎn)，傳感器的可能子節(jié)點(diǎn)包括：雷達(dá)、接收機(jī)、發(fā)射機(jī)、天線。
1.1.1?傳感器基本屬性
| roperty | Description |
| Definition | Set parameters defining a sensor's field of view. 設(shè)置定義傳感器視場的參數(shù)。包括七類傳感器： |
| Location | Position a sensor with respect to its parent object. 設(shè)置傳感器相對于父對象的位置，有5種模式： |
| Pointing | Set parameters to determine how a sensor is aimed, e.g. with respect to its parent object, the central body, objects selected for tracking, etc. 設(shè)置參數(shù)以確定傳感器相對于其父對象、中心體、指定跟蹤的目標(biāo)等的指向/瞄準(zhǔn)方式，包括： |
| Sensor AzEl Mask | Define an azimuth-elevation mask for the sensor. 為傳感器定義方位仰角掩碼。 |
| Refraction | Select a refraction model to constrain an atmosphere-based sensor's line of sight and elevation angles. 選擇折射模型來約束基于大氣的傳感器的視線和仰角（大氣折射）。 |
| Resolution | Define the resolution of the sensor in terms of focus and image quality. 根據(jù)焦點(diǎn)和圖像質(zhì)量定義傳感器的分辨率。 |
| Description | Record useful information about the sensor. |
1.1.2?傳感器約束（Constraints）屬性
| Property | Description |
| Basic | Impose minimum elevation and line-of-sight constraints on access from the sensor to another object. 對從傳感器到另一個物體的訪問施加最小仰角和視線限制。 |
| Sun | Impose a variety of access constraints from the sensor to another object based on the position of the Sun and the Moon. 根據(jù)太陽和月亮的位置，對從傳感器到另一個物體的各種訪問限制。 |
| Temporal | Impose time-based access constraints from the sensor to another object. 從傳感器到另一個物體施加基于時間的訪問限制。 |
| Advanced | impose a variety of sensor-specific constraints. 施加各種傳感器特定的約束。 |
| Zones | Use inclusion and exclusion zones to define areas where access is or is not allowed. 使用包含區(qū)和排除區(qū)來定義允許或不允許訪問的區(qū)域。 |
| Resolution | Limit access based on sensor characteristics and the quality of the inview. 根據(jù)傳感器特性和考慮中的（inview）質(zhì)量限制訪問。 |
| Targeting | Define the relationship between the sensor and the target of that sensor. 定義傳感器與該傳感器的目標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系。 |
| Vector | Constrain access computations with respect to any valid vector or angle. 約束關(guān)于任何有效向量或角度的訪問計算。 |
| Special | Special access constraints are defined in terms of geostationary belt exclusion, height above horizon, terrain grazing angle and exclusion of other scenario objects. 根據(jù)地球靜止帶排除、地平線以上高度、地形放牧角度和排除其他場景對象定義的特殊訪問限制。 |
| Plugins | An interface is provided for defining custom constraints in terms of user-supplied scripts created in Perl, VBScript and MATLAB. 根據(jù)在Perl、VBScript和MATLAB中創(chuàng)建的用戶提供的腳本提供一個用戶自定義約束的接口。 |
| EOIR | Set a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on an?EOIR?sensor. 設(shè)置EOIR傳感器的信噪比（SNR）。 |
1.2 ???????Radar（雷達(dá)）
The Radar object models the characteristics of a radar system and its environment.
雷達(dá)對象對雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)及其環(huán)境的特征進(jìn)行建模。雷達(dá)對象的父節(jié)點(diǎn)可能是：衛(wèi)星、飛機(jī)、艦船、車輛工具（GroundVehicle）、運(yùn)載工具、導(dǎo)彈、地面站、目標(biāo)、傳感器等。雷達(dá)對象沒有（也不能有）子節(jié)點(diǎn)。
雷達(dá)是傳感器的一種，是對傳感器的進(jìn)一步建模。
雷達(dá)分析模塊是STK中的一個（相對獨(dú)立的）專業(yè)分析工具，它提供了專業(yè)的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的建模分析和圖形顯示功能，可以設(shè)計多種任務(wù)中的雷達(dá)應(yīng)用，而且能夠?yàn)閷ο蟮腞CS特征建模，計算可見性以及生成雷達(dá)的報告和圖表等。
???????1.2.1?雷達(dá)基本屬性
| Property | Description |
| Definition | Define the characteristics of the radar. 定義雷達(dá)的特性。在雷達(dá)基本屬性中，包括： 各參數(shù)設(shè)置本文不再展開，可以看出雷達(dá)就是一類特殊的傳感器，而且有許多不同種類的雷達(dá)。 |
| Refraction | Model atmospheric refraction. 對大氣折射模型建模。 |
| Description | Record useful information about the antenna. |
???????1.2.2?雷達(dá)約束屬性
| Property | Description |
| Search/Track | Radar Search/Track Constraints property pages allow minimum and maximum values to be entered for several parameters and presents a variety of doppler options: 雷達(dá)搜索/跟蹤約束屬性頁面允許為多個參數(shù)輸入最小值和最大值，并提供各種多普勒選項(xiàng)：
The STK Radar SAR computation and constraints can be extended with the Search/Track plug-in constraint. See?Search/Track User Plugin. |
| SAR | SAR property pages allow for the imposition of a variety of constraints on?synthetic aperture?(SAR) radar.
The STK Radar SAR computation and constraints can be extended with the Search/Track plug-in constraint. See?SAR User Plugin. |
| Bistatic | Enforce access constraints between the transmitter and receiver and set minimum and maximum values for the bistatic angle. While other access constraints are always enforced between the bistatic transmitter and the target/receiver, radar-specific constraints defined for a bistatic transmitter do not constrain access for the radar using it. 在發(fā)射器和接收器之間實(shí)施訪問限制，并設(shè)置雙站角度的最小值和最大值。 雖然在雙基地發(fā)射器和目標(biāo)/接收器之間總是強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行其他訪問約束，但為雙基地發(fā)射器定義的雷達(dá)特定約束不會限制使用它的雷達(dá)的訪問。 |
| Basic | Impose minimum elevation and line-of-sight constraints on access from the radar to another object. 對從雷達(dá)到另一個物體的訪問施加最小仰角和視線限制。 |
| Noise | Impose constraints on a radar related to system noise temperature. 對雷達(dá)施加與系統(tǒng)噪聲溫度相關(guān)的約束。 |
| Sun | —— |
| Temporal | —— |
| Advanced | —— |
| Zones | —— |
| Targeting | —— |
| Vector | —— |
| Special | —— |
???????1.2.3?雷達(dá)RF屬性
| Property | Description |
| Environment | Apply environmental factors that affect the performance of a communications link or a radar system. 應(yīng)用影響通信鏈路或雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)性能的環(huán)境因素。 |
???????1.3?Transmitter（發(fā)射機(jī)）
The Transmitter object models the characteristics of the transmitter, the antenna it uses and the environment in which it operates.
發(fā)射機(jī)對象對發(fā)射機(jī)的特性、它使用的天線以及它運(yùn)行的環(huán)境進(jìn)行建模。發(fā)射機(jī)對象的父節(jié)點(diǎn)可能是（參見雷達(dá)對象的父節(jié)點(diǎn)）。發(fā)射機(jī)對象沒有（也不能有）子節(jié)點(diǎn)。
???????1.3.1?發(fā)射機(jī)基本屬性
| Property | Description |
| Definition | Define the characteristics of the transmitter. 定義發(fā)射機(jī)特性。STK提供9類（內(nèi)置）發(fā)射機(jī)，其中有3類為re-transmitter，各類發(fā)射機(jī)的基本特性包括：規(guī)格型號（頻率/功率/增益）、調(diào)制器、濾波器、附加增益和損耗等。 Transmitter Models Basic Re-Transmitter Models |
| Refraction | Model atmospheric refraction. |
| Description | Record useful information about the antenna. |
???????1.3.2?發(fā)射機(jī)約束屬性
| Property | Description |
| Basic | Impose minimum elevation and line-of-sight constraints on access from the transmitter to another object. 對從發(fā)射器到另一個物體的訪問施加最小仰角和視線限制。 |
| Noise | Impose constraints on a transmitter related to system noise temperature. 對發(fā)射機(jī)施加與系統(tǒng)噪聲溫度相關(guān)的約束。 |
| Comm | Impose a variety of communications link constraints on the transmitter. 對發(fā)射機(jī)施加各種通信鏈路約束。 |
| Interference | Set constraints in terms of certain link performance indicators as affected by interference. 根據(jù)受干擾影響的某些鏈路性能指標(biāo)設(shè)置約束。 |
| Sun | —— |
| Temporal | —— |
| Advanced | —— |
| Zones | —— |
| Targeting | —— |
| Vector | —— |
| Special | —— |
| Plugins | —— |
??????????????1.3.3?發(fā)射機(jī)RF屬性
| Property | Description |
| Environment | Apply environmental factors that affect the performance of a communications link or a radar system. 應(yīng)用影響通信鏈路或雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)性能的環(huán)境因素。 |
| Radar Cross Section | Specify the radar cross section (RCS) parameters. 指定雷達(dá)橫截面 (RCS) 參數(shù)。 |
| Radar Clutter | Specify a Clutter Coefficient for the Clutter Map or load the Radar Advanced Environment (RAE) Database. 為雜波圖指定雜波系數(shù)或加載雷達(dá)高級環(huán)境 (RAE) 數(shù)據(jù)庫。 |
???????1.3.4?發(fā)射機(jī)Laser屬性
| Property | Description |
| Environment | Apply environmental factors that affect the performance of a laser communications link. 應(yīng)用影響激光通信鏈路性能的環(huán)境因素。 |
???????1.4?Receiver（接收機(jī)）
The Receiver object models the characteristics of a receiver, the antenna it uses and the environment in which it operates.
接收機(jī)對象對接收器的特性、它使用的天線以及它運(yùn)行的環(huán)境進(jìn)行建模。接收機(jī)對象的父節(jié)點(diǎn)可能是（參見雷達(dá)對象的父節(jié)點(diǎn)）。接收機(jī)對象沒有（也不能有）子節(jié)點(diǎn)。
???????1.4.1?接收機(jī)基本屬性
| Property | Description |
| Definition | Define the characteristics of the receiver. 定義接收機(jī)特性。STK提供8類（內(nèi)置）接收機(jī)，各類接收機(jī)的基本特性包括：規(guī)格型號（頻率/功率/增益）、濾波器、附加增益和損耗。（相比發(fā)射機(jī)少了調(diào)制器）。 |
| Refraction | Model atmospheric refraction. |
| Description | Record useful information about the receiver. |
???????1.4.2?接收機(jī)約束屬性
| Property | Description |
| Basic | Impose minimum elevation and line-of-sight constraints on access from the receiver to another object. 對從接收器到另一個對象的訪問施加最小仰角和視線限制。 |
| Noise | Impose constraints on a receiver related to system noise temperature. 對接收機(jī)施加與系統(tǒng)噪聲溫度相關(guān)的約束 |
| Comm | Impose a variety of communications link constraints on the receiver. 對接收機(jī)施加各種通信鏈路約束。 |
| Interference | Set constraints in terms of certain link performance indicators as affected by interference. 根據(jù)受干擾影響的某些鏈路性能指標(biāo)設(shè)置約束。 |
| Sun | —— |
| Temporal | —— |
| Advanced | —— |
| Zones | —— |
| Targeting | —— |
| Vector | —— |
| Special | —— |
| Plugins | —— |
???????1.4.3?接收機(jī)RF屬性
參見發(fā)射機(jī)對象。
???????1.4.4?接收機(jī)Rader屬性
參見發(fā)射機(jī)對象。
???????1.5 Antenna（天線）
The Antenna object models the properties and behavior of an antenna.
天線對象對天線的屬性和行為進(jìn)行建模。天線對象的父節(jié)點(diǎn)可能是（參見雷達(dá)對象的父節(jié)點(diǎn)）。天線機(jī)對象沒有（也不能有）子節(jié)點(diǎn)。
經(jīng)實(shí)測，STK9.2.2中，天線不能直接作為雷達(dá)、發(fā)射機(jī)、接收機(jī)的子節(jié)點(diǎn)。
???????1.5.1?天線基本屬性
| Property | Description |
| Definition | Define the characteristics of the antenna. STK9.2.2有45種內(nèi)置的天線。 |
| Orientation | Specify the orientation of the antenna coordinate frame relative to the coordinate frame of the parent object. |
| Refraction | Model atmospheric refraction. |
| Description | Record useful information about the antenna. |
???????1.5.2?天線約束屬性
| Property | Description |
| Basic | Impose minimum elevation and line-of-sight constraints on access from the antenna to another object. 對從天線到另一個物體的訪問施加最小仰角和視線限制。 |
| Sun | —— |
| Temporal | —— |
| Zones | —— |
| Vector | —— |
| Special | —— |
| Plugins | —— |
???????1.5.3?天線RF屬性
參見發(fā)射機(jī)對象。
???????1.5.4?天線Rader屬性
參見發(fā)射機(jī)對象。
2. STK關(guān)于“Linking to an Antenna that Resides on a Sensor”的解釋
https://help.agi.com/stk/11.7.1/index.htm#comm/CommRadar03.htm#sensor
To model actual, real-world configurations as closely as possible, STK anticipates that the antenna object will be placed on the sensor, so it can inherit sensor properties such as location and pointing. Conversely, radar, receiver, or transmitter objects that link to this antenna must be on the sensor's parent object, not on the sensor itself. It is helpful in this context, to think of the sensor as the gimbal for the antenna. Yet, the radar, receiver, or transmitter represents the electronic components that do not need pointing and whose location does not affect RF properties. While STK allows a radar, receiver, or transmitter object to be placed directly on a sensor, the use of embedded antennas is the only available option in this case.
為了盡可能模擬真實(shí)世界的配置，STK預(yù)期天線對象將放置在傳感器上，因此它可以繼承傳感器屬性，例如位置和指向。相反，鏈接到此天線的雷達(dá)、接收器或發(fā)射器對象必須位于傳感器的父對象上，而不是傳感器本身。 在這種情況下，將傳感器視為天線的萬向節(jié)是很有幫助的。 然而，雷達(dá)、接收器或發(fā)射器代表了不需要指向并且其位置不會影響射頻特性的電子元件。 雖然STK允許將雷達(dá)、接收器或發(fā)射器物體直接放置在傳感器上，但在這種情況下，使用嵌入式天線是唯一可用的選項(xiàng)。
3. 個人理解
注：純屬個人理解，非專業(yè)！
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