轎車變速箱設計

摘 要

本設計的任務是設計一臺用于轎車上的FR式的手動變速器。本設計采用中間軸式變速器，該變速器具有兩個突出的優點：一是其直接檔的傳動效率高，磨損及噪聲也最小；二是在齒輪中心距較小的情況下仍然可以獲得較大的一檔傳動比。 ?????????????????

根據轎車的外形、輪距、軸距、最小離地間隙、最小轉彎半徑、車輛重量、滿載重量以及最高車速等參數結合自己選擇的適合于該轎車的發動機型號可以得出發動機的最大功率、最大扭矩、排量等重要的參數。再結合某些轎車的基本參數，選擇適當的主減速比。根據上述參數，再結合汽車設計、汽車理論、機械設計等相關知識，計算出相關的變速器參數并論證設計的合理性。

它功用是：①改變傳動比，擴大驅動輪轉矩和轉速的變化范圍，以適應經常變化的行駛條件，如起步、加速、上坡等，同時使發動機在有利的工況下工作；②在發動機旋轉方向不變的前提下，使汽車能倒退行駛；③利用空檔，中斷動力傳遞，以使發動機能夠起動、怠速，并便于發動機換檔或進行動力輸出。這臺變速器具有五個前進檔（包括一個超速檔五檔）和一個倒檔，并通過鎖環式同步器來實現換檔。

關鍵詞：變速器，鎖環式同步器，傳動比，中間軸，第二軸，齒輪

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The design of saloon?gearbox?

ABSTRACT

The duty of this design is to design a FR type manual transmission?used?in the saloon,It’s?the countershaft-type transmission gearbox.This transmission has two?prominent merits: Firstly,the transmission efficiency?of?the direct?drive?keeps off high, the attrition and the noise are also?slightest;Secondly ,it’s allowed to obtain in?the?biger gear?ratio?of the first?gear when the center distance?is smaller.

According to the contour,track，wheel base，the smallest ground clearance,the smallest turning radium,the vehicles weight, the all-up weight as well as the highest speed and so on, union the choosing?engine model we can obtain the?important parameters?of the?max power,the max torque, the displacement and so on. According to the basic parameters of the certain?saloon,choose?the suitable?final drive ratio.According to the above parameters,combining the?knowledge?of automobile design, automobile theory, machine design and so on,?calculate the correlated?parameters?of the gearbox and proof the rationality of the design.?

Its function is:①Changing?gear?ratio,expanding?the torque of the driving?wheel and the range of the rotational speed,to adapt the?travel condition which frequently changes, like start, acceleration,?climbing?and so on, simultaneously causes the engine to work under the?advantageous operating mode;②Under the premise of the invariable rotation, enables the automobile to travel?back;③Using neutral, severances?the power transmission, to make?the engine start, idle, and is advantageous for the engine to shift gears or?to carry on the dynamic output. This gearbox has five?(including?over?drive—fifth gear) and a?reverse gear, and through the inertial type of synchronizer?to realize?shift gears.

Key?wordS：transmission,?inertial type of synchronizer,gear?ratio,?countershaft,second axis, gear

目 ?錄

符號說明................................................... 1

前言....................................................... 3

• ?機械式變速器的概述及其方案的確定.................?6

§1.1 變速器的功用和要求............................... 6

§1.2 變速器結構方案的確定............................. 6

§1.3 變速器主要零件結構的方案分析....................?12

• ?變速器主要參數的選擇與主要零件的設計............ 15

§2.1 變速器主要參數的選擇............................ 15

§2.2 各檔傳動比及其齒輪齒數的確定....................?19

§2.3 齒輪變位系數的選擇.............................. 21

• ?變速器齒輪的強度計算與材料的選擇................ 22

§3.1 齒輪的損壞原因及形式............................ 22

§3.2 齒輪強度計算與校核.............................. 22

• ?變速器軸的強度計算與校核........................ 25

§4.1 變速器軸的結構和尺寸............................ 25

§4.2 軸的校核........................................?27

• ?變速器同步器的設計.............................. 30
• ?變速器的操縱機構................................ 33

結論......................................................34

參考文獻..................................................35

致謝......................................................36

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