1.win+r打開運行。
2.在運行中鍵入services.msc回車，打開服務。
3.右邊下拉找到VMware Authorization Service。
4.雙擊打開屬性，啟動類型->自動，點擊驅動，點擊應用，點擊確定。這個時候已經授權虛擬機能訪問到攝像頭了。
5.打開虛擬機，點擊"虛擬機"->可移動設備，找到攝像頭camera，點擊鏈接。此時虛擬機完成對攝像頭的接管。
6.查看在/dev/下有video的文件。

安裝cheese，打開攝像頭：

sudo apt-get install cheese

在終端輸入cheese回車->此時可以看到打開的攝像頭。

查看設備類型

ffmpeg -devices

可以看到有video4linux2,v4l2這個選項
“ v4l2”可以用作“ video4linux2”的別名。
alsa是音頻類型，見另一篇：虛擬機使用pc麥克風聲卡

根據設備類型查看具體設備名

ffmpeg -sources video4linux2

或

ffmpeg -sources v4l2

可以看到有這兩個設備，這兩個設備對應pc的攝像頭

/dev/video1 [Integrated Camera: Integrated I]/dev/video0 [Integrated Camera: Integrated C]

用命令打開攝像頭，另一個不能用來打開

ffplay -f video4linux2 -video_size 640x480 -pixel_format yuyv422 -framerate 30 -i /dev/video0

查看設備輸入輸出參數

ffmpeg -h demuxer=v4l2

如查看都支持哪些像素格式

ffplay -f video4linux2 -list_formats all /dev/video0

這些選項也可以用代碼設置，"video_size"等名稱與ffmpeg -h demuxer=v4l2 命令列舉的名稱一樣。
AVDictionary *options = NULL;
av_dict_set(&options, “video_size”, “1920x1080”, 0);
av_dict_set(&options, “framerate”, “30”, 0);
//以上參數如果不設置的話，ffmpeg就會用默認值，但默認值攝像頭不一定支持
int re = avformat_open_input(&ic, “/dev/video0”, ifmt, &options);

其次對于顯示在/dev/video中的攝像頭其實都是支持UVC協議的攝像頭，一般說攝像頭免驅動也是基于UVC開發(fā)的，我們可以用luvcview這款軟件查看所有基于UVC的攝像頭的信息，對于ubuntu12，可以直接執(zhí)行下列命令安裝，因為當時是為ubuntu12設計的：
sudo apt-get install luvcview
對于其他版本，可以到官網下載deb包安裝，連接：
luvcview_0.2.6-5_amd64.deb (52.3 KiB)
安裝好后
打開攝像頭

luvcview -l

打開攝像頭

luvcview -d /dev/video1 -f yuv -s 640x480

查看設備支持的像素格式和幀率

luvcview -d /dev/video0 -L

可以看到支持的像素格式：MJPG YUYV RGB3 BGR3 YU12 YV12
Time interval between frame: 1/30 也就是幀間的時間間隔，也就是幀率了。

luvcview 0.2.6SDL information:Video driver: x11A window manager is available Device information:Device path: /dev/video0 { pixelformat = 'MJPG', description = 'Motion-JPEG' } { discrete: width = 1280, height = 720 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 180 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 352, height = 288 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 424, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 360 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 848, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 960, height = 540 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { pixelformat = 'YUYV', description = 'YUYV 4:2:2' } { discrete: width = 640, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 180 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 352, height = 288 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 424, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 360 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 848, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/20, { discrete: width = 960, height = 540 }Time interval between frame: 1/15, { discrete: width = 1280, height = 720 }Time interval between frame: 1/10, { pixelformat = 'RGB3', description = 'RGB3' } { discrete: width = 1280, height = 720 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 180 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 352, height = 288 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 424, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 360 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 848, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/20, { discrete: width = 960, height = 540 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { pixelformat = 'BGR3', description = 'BGR3' } { discrete: width = 1280, height = 720 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 180 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 352, height = 288 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 424, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 360 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 848, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/20, { discrete: width = 960, height = 540 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { pixelformat = 'YU12', description = 'YU12' } { discrete: width = 1280, height = 720 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 180 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 352, height = 288 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 424, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 360 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 848, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/20, { discrete: width = 960, height = 540 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { pixelformat = 'YV12', description = 'YV12' } { discrete: width = 1280, height = 720 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 180 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 320, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 352, height = 288 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 424, height = 240 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 360 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 640, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, { discrete: width = 848, height = 480 }Time interval between frame: 1/20, { discrete: width = 960, height = 540 }Time interval between frame: 1/30, ffplay -f video4linux2 -framerate 60 -video_size 1920x1080 -pixel_format mjpeg -i /dev/video4

用mjpeg的方式播放，并設置幀率。

如果你想把其他的raw流放入/dev/video設備中，也是可以用ffmpeg推流的：

ffmpeg -f x11grab -r 15 -s 1280x720 -i :0.0+0,0 -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -threads 0 -f v4l2 /dev/video0

以上把屏幕推流到/dev/video0上，但video0是必須是虛擬設備，不對應實際device
如何設置虛擬/dev/video參考：https://www.cnblogs.com/xl2432/p/13501145.html

補充：
ffmpeg的libavdevice模塊支持的計算機中常用的音視頻捕獲或輸出設備：ALSA、AUDIO_BEOS 、JACK、OSS、1394、VFW等。

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