文章目錄

• 新增 (Create)
• • 全列插入
  • 指定列插入
• 查詢 (Retrieve)
• • 全列查詢
  • 指定列查詢
  • 條件查詢
  • 分頁查詢
  • 去重：DISTINCT
  • 排序：ORDER BY
  • 別名：AS
• 更新 (Update)
• 刪除 (Delete)

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CRUD 即增加(Create)、查詢(Retrieve)、更新(Update)、刪除(Delete)四個單詞的首字母縮寫，是表的四種基本操作。

新增 (Create)

全列插入

語法

INSERT INTO [表名] VALUES(參數1， 參數2， 參數3......);

示例

INSERT INTO stu VALUES(2, 15, "李梅", 20200811, 88.5, 90.5);MariaDB [lee]> select * from stu; +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | id | age | name | birth | math | english | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | 2 | 15 | 李梅 | 2020-08-11 | 88.50 | 90.50 | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec)

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指定列插入

即只插入部分列內容
語法

INSERT INTO [表名](列1，列2，列3.......) values(參數1， 參數2， 參數3......);

示例

INSERT INTO stu(id, age, name) values(3, 16, "李華");MariaDB [lee]> select * from stu; +------+------+--------+-------+------+---------+ | id | age | name | birth | math | english | +------+------+--------+-------+------+---------+ | 3 | 16 | 李華 | NULL | NULL | NULL | +------+------+--------+-------+------+---------+ 1 row in set (0.001 sec)

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查詢 (Retrieve)

全列查詢

語法

SELECT * FROM [表名];

示例

SELECT * FROM stu;+------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | id | age | name | birth | math | english | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | 1 | 11 | 李華 | 2020-08-12 | 76.50 | 87.50 | | 2 | 15 | 李梅 | 2020-08-13 | 88.50 | 90.50 | | 3 | 18 | 張三 | 2020-08-14 | 84.50 | 70.50 | | 4 | 16 | 李四 | 2020-08-15 | 75.60 | 40.80 | | 5 | 14 | 王五 | 2020-08-16 | 48.80 | 91.90 | | 6 | 13 | 馬六 | 2020-08-17 | 85.90 | 95.40 | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+

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指定列查詢

語法

SELECT 列1，列2，列3..... FROM [表名];

示例

SELECT id, age, name FROM stu;+------+------+--------+ | id | age | name | +------+------+--------+ | 1 | 11 | 李華 | | 2 | 15 | 李梅 | | 3 | 18 | 張三 | | 4 | 16 | 李四 | | 5 | 14 | 王五 | | 6 | 13 | 馬六 | +------+------+--------+

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條件查詢

語法

SELECT * FROM [表名] WHERE [條件];

示例

SELECT * FROM stu where name = "李華";+------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | id | age | name | birth | math | english | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | 1 | 11 | 李華 | 2020-08-12 | 76.50 | 87.50 | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+

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分頁查詢

語法

SELECT * FROM [表名] LIMIT [每頁條數] OFFSET [偏移條數];

示例

SELECT * FROM stu LIMIT 2;//限制每頁兩條+------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | id | age | name | birth | math | english | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | 1 | 11 | 李華 | 2020-08-12 | 76.50 | 87.50 | | 2 | 15 | 李梅 | 2020-08-13 | 88.50 | 90.50 | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+SELECT * FROM stu LIMIT 2 OFFSET 2;//偏移兩條，也就是查詢第二頁+------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | id | age | name | birth | math | english | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | 3 | 18 | 張三 | 2020-08-14 | 84.50 | 70.50 | | 4 | 16 | 李四 | 2020-08-15 | 75.60 | 40.80 | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+

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去重：DISTINCT

語法

SELECT DISTINCT * FROM [表名];

示例

SELECT DISTINCT * FROM stu;+------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | id | age | name | birth | math | english | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | 1 | 11 | 李華 | 2020-08-12 | 76.50 | 87.50 | | 2 | 15 | 李梅 | 2020-08-13 | 88.50 | 90.50 | | 3 | 18 | 張三 | 2020-08-14 | 84.50 | 70.50 | | 4 | 16 | 李四 | 2020-08-15 | 75.60 | 40.80 | | 5 | 14 | 王五 | 2020-08-16 | 48.80 | 91.90 | | 6 | 13 | 馬六 | 2020-08-17 | 85.90 | 95.40 | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+

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排序：ORDER BY

語法

SELECT * FROM [表名] ORDER BY [排序依賴項] [DESC/ASC]; //DESC為降序排序，ASC為升序排序，默認為ASC

示例

SELECT * FROM stu ORDER BY math DESC;//按數學成績降序+------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | id | age | name | birth | math | english | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | 2 | 15 | 李梅 | 2020-08-13 | 88.50 | 90.50 | | 6 | 13 | 馬六 | 2020-08-17 | 85.90 | 95.40 | | 3 | 18 | 張三 | 2020-08-14 | 84.50 | 70.50 | | 1 | 11 | 李華 | 2020-08-12 | 76.50 | 87.50 | | 4 | 16 | 李四 | 2020-08-15 | 75.60 | 40.80 | | 5 | 14 | 王五 | 2020-08-16 | 48.80 | 91.90 | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+

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別名：AS

語法

SELECT 列a,列b...... AS [別名] FROM [表名]; //DESC為降序排序，ASC為升序排序，默認為ASC

示例

SELECT name, math + english AS total FROM stu;//獲取每個人的總分+--------+--------+ | name | total | +--------+--------+ | 李華 | 164.00 | | 李梅 | 179.00 | | 張三 | 155.00 | | 李四 | 116.40 | | 王五 | 140.70 | | 馬六 | 181.30 | +--------+--------+

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更新 (Update)

語法

UPDATE [表名] SET [修改項] = [修改結果]

示例

UPDATE stu SET math = 99.5 WHERE name = "李梅";MariaDB [lee]> select * from stu; +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | id | age | name | birth | math | english | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+ | 2 | 15 | 李梅 | 2020-08-11 | 99.50 | 90.50 | +------+------+--------+------------+-------+---------+

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刪除 (Delete)

語法

DELETE FROM [表名];

示例

DELETE FROM stu where name = "李梅";MariaDB [lee]> select * from stu; Empty set (0.000 sec)

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