高斯消元原理
高斯消元是用來(lái)求線性方程組的解,行列式求值,或者矩陣求逆等等。主要有兩個(gè)步驟:化行階梯形矩陣和回帶。
高斯消元的時(shí)間復(fù)雜度為,以下代碼中代表方程個(gè)數(shù),代表未知數(shù)個(gè)數(shù),數(shù)組用來(lái)判斷哪些未知數(shù)是
變?cè)?#xff0c;數(shù)組用來(lái)存求得的解。
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代碼:
#include <iostream> #include <string.h> #include <algorithm> #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h>using namespace std; const int N = 105;int gcd(int a,int b) {return b ? gcd(b,a%b):a; }int lcm(int a,int b) {return a / gcd(a,b) * b; }/**n個(gè)方程,m個(gè)未知數(shù),r代表當(dāng)前處理的行,c代表當(dāng)前處理的列*/ void Gauss(int a[][N],int n,int m,int &r,int &c) {r = c = 0;for(; r<n && c<m; r++,c++){int maxi = r;for(int i=r+1; i<n; i++)if(abs(a[i][c]) > abs(a[maxi][c]))maxi = i;if(maxi != r){for(int i=r; i<m+1; i++)swap(a[r][i],a[maxi][i]);}if(a[r][c] == 0){r--;continue;}for(int i=r+1; i<n; i++){if(a[i][c] != 0){int x = abs(a[i][c]);int y = abs(a[r][c]);int LCM = lcm(x,y);int tx = LCM / x;int ty = LCM / y;if(a[i][c] * a[r][c] < 0)ty = -ty;for(int j=c; j<m+1; j++)a[i][j] = a[i][j] * tx - a[r][j] * ty;}}} }int Rewind(int a[][N],int x[],bool f[],int n,int m,int r,int c) {for(int i=r; i<n; i++)if(a[i][c] != 0)return -1;if(r < m){memset(f,1,sizeof(f));for(int i=r-1; i>=0; i--){int id = 0;int cnt = 0;for(int j=0; j<m; j++){if(a[i][j] != 0 && f[j]){cnt++;id = j;}}if(cnt > 1) continue;int t = a[i][m];for(int j=0; j<m; j++){if(a[i][j] != 0 && j != id)t -= a[i][j] * x[j];}x[id] = t / a[i][id];f[id] = 0;}return m - r;}for(int i=r-1; i>=0; i--){int t = a[i][c];for(int j=i+1; j<c; j++){if(a[i][j] != 0)t -= a[i][j] * x[j];}if(t % a[i][i] != 0) return -2;x[i] = t / a[i][i];}return 0; }void Print(int a[][N],int n,int m) {for(int i=0; i<n; i++){for(int j=0; j<m+1; j++)cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";cout<<endl;} }int a[N][N]; int x[N]; bool f[N];int main() {int n,m;while(cin>>n>>m){for(int i=0; i<n; i++){for(int j=0; j<m+1; j++)cin>>a[i][j];}int r,c;Gauss(a,n,m,r,c);Rewind(a,x,f,n,m,r,c);Print(a,n,m);puts("");}return 0; }?
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